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Gas separating electrical conductors from each other
A dielectric gas, or insulating gas, is a dielectric material in gaseous state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. Dielectric
Dielectric_gas
State of matter
case, plasma is generated when an electric current is applied across a dielectric gas or fluid (an electrically non-conducting material) as can be seen in
Plasma_(physics)
Electrically insulating substance in liquid form
degrading the dielectric's performance. Some examples of dielectric liquids are transformer oil, perfluoroalkanes, and purified water. Dielectric gas Naidu,
Liquid_dielectric
Chemical compound and greenhouse gas
6 gas under pressure is used as an insulator in GIS because it has a much higher dielectric strength than air or dry nitrogen. The high dielectric strength
Sulfur_hexafluoride
New gas and mixture of gases for high voltage switchgear
C4FN) is a perfluorinated compound developed as an extremely high-dielectric gas for high-voltage switchgear. It has the structure (CF3)2CFC≡N, which
C4-FN
Control gear of an electric power system
of switchgear is the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), where the conductors and contacts are insulated by pressurized dielectric gas. Other common types
Switchgear
Electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier
atmospheric pressure with either a rare gas or rare gas-halide mix, with the glass walls acting as the dielectric barrier. Due to the atmospheric pressure
Dielectric_barrier_discharge
Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)
nitrosonium and nitrate in a medium with high dielectric constant. Nitrogen dioxide is an acrid, corrosive brown gas. Both compounds may be easily prepared by
Nitrogen
be filled with a dielectric gas other than air or a liquid dielectric. The dielectric gas may be pressurized, or a liquid dielectric (e.g. mineral oil)
Trigatron
Conduction of electricity through an insulator under sufficiently high voltage
liquids, or gases (and theoretically even in a vacuum). However, the specific breakdown mechanisms are different for each kind of dielectric medium. Electrical
Electrical_breakdown
Degree of insulation
of the dielectric strength of nitrogen gas. Dielectric strength (in MV/m, or 106 V/m) of various common materials: In SI, the unit of dielectric strength
Dielectric_strength
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an electrical insulator that can be polarised by an applied electric field. When a dielectric material is
Dielectric
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric, compared with that of a vacuum
older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating
Relative_permittivity
Gaseous materials produced for use in industry
Airgun / paintball beer widget calibration gas Coolant Cryogenics Cryogenic fuel Cutting and welding Dielectric gas Environmental protection Fire fighting
Industrial_gas
Chemical compound
foaming agent, a highly effective refrigerant, a heat transfer medium, a dielectric gas, a sterilant carrier, a polymerization medium, a carrier fluid, a displacement
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane
Chemical compound
replacement for sulfur hexafluoride as a dielectric gas. PFC-318 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere
Octafluorocyclobutane
Electrical potential that is large enough to cause damage or injury
High-voltage circuit breaker often use a blast of high pressure air, a special dielectric gas (such as SF6 under pressure), or immersion in mineral oil to quench
High_voltage
Electrical breakdown of a gas that results in an ongoing electrical discharge
snubbers or through techniques including: immersion in transformer oil, dielectric gas or vacuum arc chutes magnetic blowouts pneumatic blowouts sacrificial
Electric_arc
Method for measuring moisture content
pure semiconductor gases, bulk pure or mixed gases, dielectric gases such as those in transformers and power plants, and natural gas pipeline transport
Moisture_analysis
Chemical compound
Perfluorobutane (PFB) is an inert, high-density colorless gas. It is a simple fluorocarbon with a n-butane skeleton and all the hydrogen atoms replaced
Perfluorobutane
Electronic component
separated by a dielectric medium. A conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase
Capacitor
Electrostatic generator operating on the triboelectric effect
greater potentials to be achieved without ionization of the air, or other dielectric gas, surrounding it. Since a Van de Graaff generator can supply the same
Van_de_Graaff_generator
High-voltage pulse generator
immersing the Marx generator in transformer oil or a high pressure dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The time for a charging circuit to
Marx_generator
Assembly of electrodes at either end of an insulated tube filled with gas
electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope. Gas-filled tubes exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, and operate
Gas-filled_tube
Gases produced and collected in sewer systems
Sewer gas is a complex, generally obnoxious smelling mixture of toxic and nontoxic gases produced and collected in sewage systems by the decomposition
Sewer_gas
Heating using radio waves
or gases, provided they contain some electric dipoles. Dielectric heating involves the heating of electrically insulating materials by dielectric loss
Dielectric_heating
Weismann in 1984. It describes the patterns of dielectric breakdown of solids, liquids, and even gases, explaining the formation of the branching, self-similar
Dielectric_breakdown_model
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
electrical conductors, called plates, separated by an insulating layer (dielectric). Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common
Capacitor_types
Electromagnetic energy dissipated by a dielectric
In electrical engineering, dielectric loss is a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). It can be parameterized
Dielectric_loss
Chemical compound
photometry as an excitation source. Perchloryl fluoride is a better dielectric gas than SF6 while having a reasonably low boiling point allowing for operation
Perchloryl_fluoride
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material
letter ε (epsilon), is a measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material. A material with high permittivity polarizes more in response
Permittivity
Industrial welding process
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) and metal active gas (MAG) is a welding process in which an electric
Gas_metal_arc_welding
Waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil with a thickener
Silicone grease, sometimes called dielectric grease, is a waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil with a thickener. Most commonly, the silicone
Silicone_grease
Branching shapes
Lichtenberg figures often develop during the dielectric breakdown of solids, liquids, and even gases. Their appearance and growth appear to be related
Lichtenberg_figure
Electrical cable with concentric conductors
surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric (insulating material); many coaxial cables also have a protective outer
Coaxial_cable
Elastic vessels
high voltages in transformer stations a high vacuum, or high pressure dielectric gas must be maintained around the contacts while in service to mitigate
Metal_bellows
radiation by water depends on the state of the water. The absorption in the gas phase occurs in three regions of the spectrum. Rotational transitions are
Electromagnetic absorption by water
Electromagnetic_absorption_by_water
Shading technique based on a dielectric model of physics
dielectric materials. Two types of dielectric interfaces are supported: dielectric-air between a dielectric material and air. dielectric-dielectric between
Dielectric_Shader
Localized dielectric breakdown under high voltage stress
within gas-filled voids within the dielectric. Because the dielectric constant of the void is considerably less than the surrounding dielectric, the electric
Partial_discharge
Method used to apply surface coatings
substrates, the applications for these films are anticipated in gas sensing and low-κ dielectrics. CVD techniques are advantageous for membrane coatings as
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Supplementary information on noble gases
ISBN 978-0471238966. "Noble Gas". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Amey, R. L. (1964). "Dielectric Constants of Liquefied Noble Gases and Methane". Journal of
Noble_gas_(data_page)
Forms which matter can take
exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Different states are distinguished by the ways the component
State_of_matter
Type of capacitor
insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface
Electrolytic_capacitor
Decorative electrical device
dielectric in a capacitor formed between the ionized gas and the hand. By adjusting the voltage, frequency, chemical composition and pressure of gas in
Plasma_globe
Chemical compound
binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell. It is widely used in fertilizers, refrigerants
Ammonia
IT cooling practice
liquids). Dielectric liquids are divided into single- and two-phase applications, which differ in whether or not the cooling fluid turns into a gas during
Immersion_cooling
Chemical element with atomic number 17 (Cl)
properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising
Chlorine
Equation for a material's dielectric constant given its atomic polarizability
relation, named for O. F. Mossotti and Rudolf Clausius, expresses the dielectric constant (relative permittivity εr) of a material in terms of the atomic
Clausius–Mossotti_relation
electric currents of individual filaments in corona and dielectric barrier discharges, the gas present within the discharge volume does not reach thermal
Plasma_activation
Metal fabrication process
rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. One of the electrodes is called
Electrical discharge machining
Electrical_discharge_machining
Chemical compound
Early work focused on determining its crystal structure, phase stability, dielectric properties, and methods for producing dense polycrystalline ceramics and
Lanthanum_aluminate
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
standard conditions, hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2, called dihydrogen, or sometimes hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply
Hydrogen
Electrical capacitor with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric
film as the dielectric, sometimes combined with paper as carrier of the electrodes. The dielectric films, depending on the desired dielectric strength,
Film_capacitor
electrolaser. With a voltage higher than the dielectric breakdown voltage applied across a dielectric, and dielectric breakdown occurs. A plasma channel has
Plasma_channel
divided into: Atmospheric Pressure-Plasma Activated Bonding (AP-PAB) Dielectric barrier discharge Corona discharge Plasma torch (Jet) Low Pressure-Plasma
Plasma-activated_bonding
Triatomic oxygen molecule
maintenance. In the cold plasma method, pure oxygen gas is exposed to a plasma created by dielectric barrier discharge. The diatomic oxygen is split into
Ozone
Electrical pre-breakdown phenomenon
capability. Gases are often liberated as the dielectric degrades, creating new voids and cracks. These defects further weaken the dielectric strength of
Electrical_treeing
Industry dealing with chemicals from fluorine
fluorine gas is for the production of sulfur hexafluoride, which is used as a dielectric medium in high voltage switching stations. SF6 gas has a much
Fluorochemical_industry
Hollow metal pipe used to carry radio waves
this view. Propagation in a dielectric waveguide may be viewed in the same way, with the waves confined to the dielectric by total internal reflection
Waveguide_(radio_frequency)
Coaxial cable connector
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric flush with the end of the outer conductor while the mating female connector has a recessed dielectric and the conductor is
SMA_connector
Ionization of air around a high-voltage conductor
the electric field (potential gradient) around a conductor exceeds the dielectric strength of the air. It is often seen as a bluish glow in the air adjacent
Corona_discharge
Vector field related to displacement current and flux density
the metal/dielectric interface balances the charge on the metal plate. If the dielectric is replaced by a doped semiconductor or an ionised gas, etc, then
Electric_displacement_field
Chemical compound
the hydrogen atoms could not be located. Analysis of spectroscopic and dielectric data, and determination of the structure of DCl (deuterium chloride) indicates
Hydrogen_chloride
Chemical compound
warming potential of 1. 1-fluorohexane Novec 649/1230 Fluorinert Liquid dielectric John A. Gladysz and Markus Jurisch "Structural, Physical, and Chemical
Perfluorohexane
Capacity of a material to conduct heat
thermal conductivity is typically dominated by free electrons, whereas in dielectric materials such as diamond it is largely due to lattice vibrations. Materials
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity
Field of medical research
ionized, with less than 1 ppm of the gas being charged species, and the rest composed of neutral gas. Dielectric-barrier discharges are a type of plasma
Plasma_medicine
Sudden flow of electric current between two electrically charged objects by contact
two differently-charged objects when brought close together or when the dielectric between them breaks down, often creating a visible spark associated with
Electrostatic_discharge
State of extreme dryness or process of thorough drying
have low dielectric losses. Because it must also be lightweight so as not to overload the radio tower, air is often used as the dielectric. Since moisture
Desiccation
Vector field describing the density of electric dipole moments in a dielectric material
dielectric material. When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field, its atoms or molecules gain electric dipole moment and the dielectric
Polarization_density
Highly refined mineral oil
transformers to continually monitor gas generation trends. To determine the insulating property of the dielectric oil, an oil sample is taken from the
Transformer_oil
Chemical element with atomic number 9 (F)
enrichment via gaseous diffusion or gas centrifuge. About 6,000 metric tons per year go into producing the inert dielectric SF6 for high-voltage transformers
Fluorine
Concept in condensed matter physics
constant. This relation can be converted into a wavevector-dependent dielectric function: (in cgs-Gaussian units) ε ( q ) = 1 + k 0 2 q 2 {\displaystyle
Thomas–Fermi_screening
Safety device for transformers
sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment. A generic designation for this type of device is "gas detector relay". The relay was
Buchholz_relay
Type of field-effect transistor
LOCOS but many other dielectric materials are employed. The generic term for the dielectric is gate dielectric since the dielectric lies directly below
MOSFET
Control valve that maintains the pressure of a fluid or gas
negative feedback from the controlled pressure. Regulators are used for gases and liquids, and can be an integral device with a pressure setting, a restrictor
Pressure_regulator
Voltage at which insulator becomes conductive
strength in each material, measured in volts per centimeter, called its dielectric strength. When a voltage is applied across a piece of insulator, the electric
Breakdown_voltage
Rapid oscillations of electron density
oscillations can be described as an instability in the dielectric function of a free electron gas. The frequency depends only weakly on the wavelength of
Plasma_oscillation
Light scattering by small particles
When the dielectric constant ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } of a certain region of volume V {\displaystyle V} is different from the average dielectric constant
Rayleigh_scattering
Physical law about electrical discharge in gases
necessary to start a discharge or electric arc –between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. It is named after Friedrich Paschen
Paschen's_law
Electromagnetic waves that travel along an interface
polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface, practically in the infrared or visible-frequency
Surface_plasmon_polariton
Type of capacitor
thin insulating layer of aluminium oxide by anodization that acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A non-solid electrolyte covers the rough surface of
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
Material used in semiconductor processing
low-κ dielectric insulation layers used in VLSI fabrication. Polymers tend to be etched easily by oxygen, fluorine, chlorine and other reactive gases used
Hardmask
Mathematical formalism used in quantum field theory
resulting dielectric function, also called the Lindhard dielectric function, correctly predicts a number of properties of the electron gas, including
Random_phase_approximation
Plasma in which the pressure equals that of the surrounding atmosphere
inhibit the energy transfer between the electrons and the gas molecules and ions. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is one of the main ways to produce
Atmospheric-pressure_plasma
Angle of incidence for which all reflected light will be polarized
particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with no reflection. When unpolarized light is incident at this
Brewster's_angle
Topics referred to by the same term
two objects Dielectric barrier discharge, the electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier Gas-discharge lamp
Discharge
Device that applies heat to the base of cookware
high-voltage power supply, and then pass it between two electrodes via dielectric breakdown through air, creating a visible electric arc, which is plasma
Cooktop
Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
may have contact with the motor windings, and so it should have a high dielectric strength. The refrigerant should have a low cost. Legal regulations can
Refrigerant
Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat
mechanical strength σ by the Hall-Petch equation, hardness, toughness, dielectric constant, and the optical properties exhibited by transparent materials
Ceramic
Substance dissolving a solute resulting in a solution
dielectric constant of the solvent provides a rough measure of a solvent's polarity. The strong polarity of water is indicated by its high dielectric
Solvent
measure of the total polarizability of a mole of a substance. For a perfect dielectric which is made of one type of molecule, the molar refractivity is proportional
Molar_refractivity
Chemical compound
to make trifluorosilane in about 60 hours. Proposed uses include a dielectric gas with a high breakdown voltage, and low global warming potential, a precursor
Chlorotrifluorosilane
Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature
physical constants Independent techniques exploited: acoustic gas thermometry, dielectric constant gas thermometry, Johnson noise thermometry. Involved laboratories
Boltzmann_constant
Chemical compound
low concentrations, making it ideal as a tracer. Heat transfer agent Dielectric fluid Perfluorocarbon tracer Sandford G (2003). "Perfluoroalkanes". Tetrahedron
Perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane
Perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane
accumulate on the dielectric surface. On the other hand, the negative cycle would repel the accumulated electrons, causing collisions in the gas and creating
Microplasma
American physicist (1901–1967)
machines. Later generators were enclosed in pressurized tanks filled with dielectric gases such as nitrogen or sulfur hexafluoride, which increased voltage capacity
Robert_J._Van_de_Graaff
Optical and electrical phenomenon
instrument panel displays. Electroluminescent panels are a capacitor where the dielectric between the outside plates is a phosphor that gives off photons when the
Electroluminescence
Quantum theory of interacting electron gas
n/m}}}} . As with the dielectric function, the magnetic susceptibility χ M {\displaystyle \chi _{\mathbf {M} }} for an electron gas can be calculated as
Lindhard_theory
Plastic welding using high frequency electrical fields
Radio-frequency welding, also known as dielectric welding and high-frequency welding, is a plastic welding process that utilizes high-frequency electric
Radio-frequency_welding
Steinar Dale "For contributions to gaseous dielectrics and breakdown phenomena, and testing techniques for gas insulated systems" 1990 Katsuhiko Naito "For
List of fellows of IEEE Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society
List_of_fellows_of_IEEE_Dielectrics_&_Electrical_Insulation_Society
DIELECTRIC GAS
DIELECTRIC GAS
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DIELECTRIC GAS
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DIELECTRIC GAS