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depression is often associated or correlated with immune function dysregulation, and the two are thought to share similar physiological pathways and risk
Depression and immune function
Depression_and_immune_function
Area of study within psychosomatic medicine
behaviorally induced alterations of immune function, and immune alterations inducing behavioral changes, are likely to have clinical and therapeutic implications
Psychoneuroimmunology
Set of physiological feedback interactions
metabolic processes of the immune system, resulting in further availability of glucose. Glucocorticoids have many important functions, including modulation
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal_axis
Mood disorder
disease or immune dysregulation in asthma). Depression may also be iatrogenic (the result of healthcare), such as drug-induced depression. Therapies associated
Major_depressive_disorder
American humanitarian organization
including depression of immune function, which can result in organ failure and death. Because whole blood is rarely used for transfusion and not kept in
American_Red_Cross
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
immunity, not adaptive immunity. It involves immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial
Inflammation
Israeli behavioral neuroscientist
role of immune system activation in depression, for discovering that disturbances in brain microglia cells underlie some forms of depression, and for elucidating
Raz_Yirmiya
Immune disorder
inborn immune disorder characterized by recurrent infections and low antibody levels, specifically in immunoglobulin (Ig) types IgG, IgM, and IgA. Symptoms
Common variable immunodeficiency
Common_variable_immunodeficiency
Neuroscientist (1943–2014)
neuroimmunology, Infectious Behavior: Brain-Immune Connections in Autism, Schizophrenia and Depression, and continued to blog on topics related to these
Paul Patterson (neuroscientist)
Paul_Patterson_(neuroscientist)
between symbiotic microbes and their host can alter host immune system responses to other microorganisms, including pathogens, and are required to maintain
Microbial symbiosis and immunity
Microbial_symbiosis_and_immunity
Category of small signaling proteins
broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells
Cytokine
Chronic inflammation and degradation of the stomach lining
legs syndrome, brittle nails, hair loss, impaired immune function, and impaired wound healing. And other symptoms, such as delayed gastric emptying (80%)
Atrophic_gastritis
Class of antidepressant medication
and questionable due to their very low affinity for the receptor relative to the SERT. The role of inflammation and the immune system in depression has
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor
British immunologist and academic
Clatworthy has studied the role of the immune system in neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and depression. To do this, she made use of a mouse
Menna_Clatworthy
Historical view of extreme depression
abnormal motor functions, and abnormal vegetative signs, and they described several forms, including retarded depression, psychotic depression and postpartum
Melancholia
hosts immune cells and regulates brain-immune crosstalk. She further demonstrated that this interface influences brain function in pathology and aging
Michal_Schwartz
Biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system
endocrine signaling through stress hormones, and immune signaling mediated by cytokines. Gut barrier function and immune activity is influenced by metabolites
Gut–brain_axis
Disorder of depression and mood episodes
known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abnormally elevated mood, lasting days to weeks, and in some cases
Bipolar_disorder
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
Keith W. (3 December 2016). "From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain". Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
Biology_of_depression
Study of relationships between nervous and immune systems
the nervous and immune systems including the physiological functioning of the two systems in health and disease, malfunction of either and or both systems
Neuroimmunology
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
primarily through interactions with the immune system. LPS is a potent activator of the immune system and is a pyrogen (agent that causes fever). In
Lipopolysaccharide
Human protein for regulating body temperature
killer cells and neutrophiles. TRPV1 is said to be potentially very important in immune cell functioning as it senses higher temperature and lower pH, which
TRPV1
American psychiatrist
stress and diets high in saturated fat lead to inflammation. Her work focuses on ways stress and depression influence the immune and endocrine system and includes
Janice_Kiecolt-Glaser
Study of the effects of humor
physical, and emotional abuse. Laughter is an approach to strengthen your immune system as well as alleviate stress hormones and raise your immune cells.
Humor_research
Neuropsychopharmacology Research and Developments
and serotonin on aging processes Biomarkers linking immune activation to mental illness Oxenkrug has also investigated interferon-induced depression,
Gregory_Oxenkrug
Psychosis beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after childbirth
, postpartum depression) suggests hormonal and immune changes as potential factors contributing to their onset, as well as genetics and circadian rhythm
Postpartum_psychosis
Immune response against an organism's own healthy cells
immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease
Autoimmunity
Cytokine protein
innate immune system, called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These are present on the cell surface and intracellular
Interleukin_6
State of health and well-being
diseases, to improve immune system function, and to meet emergency situations. Fitness is defined as the quality or state of being fit and healthy. Around
Physical_fitness
Organ system in vertebrates complementary to the circulatory system
remainder. The other main function is that of immune defense. Lymph is very similar to blood plasma, in that it contains waste products and cellular debris, together
Lymphatic_system
Breakdown of immune system processes
pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and some cancers. Immune system dysfunction, as seen in IPEX syndrome leads to immune dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy
Immune_dysregulation
Medical condition
Immune-mediated diseases include a variety of diseases not only affecting the neuromuscular junction. Immune-mediated disorders range from simple and
Neuromuscular junction disease
Neuromuscular_junction_disease
American psychiatrist and academic
clinical psychoneuroimmunology and understanding the reciprocal links between depression, sleep, and the immune system" and the George Solomon Memorial Lecture
Michael_R._Irwin
Autoimmune diseases of the skin
risk factor for depression; however, other immune system factors may also be related to the observed increased incidence of depression in people with psoriasis
Psoriasis
memory function, include the immune system and hormonal processes. The ENS mediates HPA-axis function via gastrointestinal hormones, cytokines and neuropeptides
Gut–memory_connection
Physical activity that improves health
blood levels of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein, an important cardiovascular risk marker. The depression in the immune system following acute bouts
Exercise
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
mammals. Other risk factors include a history of head injury, clinical depression, and high blood pressure. The progression of the disease is largely characterised
Alzheimer's_disease
Overabundance of bioavailable antioxidant compounds
function nominally. Antioxidants attenuate the Th-1 immune response, responsible for eliminating bacterial and fungal threats, while the Th-2 immune response
Antioxidative_stress
Neural, cognitive, and behavioral effects of physical exercise
exercise involve possible interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition. Research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic
Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise
Clinical application of psychiatry to treat nutritional issues
essential for overall health, as it supports digestion, strengthens immune function, and helps produce important nutrients. The presence of different species
Nutritional_psychiatry
Autoimmune disease
1155/2013/182472. PMC 3652173. PMID 23691429. Weetman AP (June 2010). "Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: molecular mechanisms". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
Hashimoto's_thyroiditis
Chemical compound
humans and other animals, specifically stimulation of extravascular smooth muscle, vasodilation, hypertensive action, immune system activation, and pain
Neurokinin_A
Medical condition
of: Motility disturbance Visceral hypersensitivity Altered mucosal and immune function Altered gut microbiota Altered central nervous system (CNS) processing
Functional gastrointestinal disorder
Functional_gastrointestinal_disorder
while stimulation of immune cells with Aβ42 can directly activate it. Aβ plaques and oligomers can function similar to DAMPs, priming and activating the NLRP3
Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19
Alzheimer's_disease_and_COVID-19
temperature. Therefore, depression allows one to conserve and allocate energy to the immune system more efficiently. Depression further prevents infection
Evolutionary approaches to depression
Evolutionary_approaches_to_depression
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
often permanent, with symptoms including fatigue, weight gain, depression, dry skin, and constipation. Thyroid hormone replacement is the treatment of
Thyroiditis
Health problem in cats
deficiencies in immune system function. In cats, the most common cause of immune deficiency is infection with retroviruses, FIV or FeLV, and cats with these
Cat_skin_disorders
Inflammation of nervous tissue
central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord, microglia are the resident innate immune cells that are activated in response to these
Neuroinflammation
Chronic medical condition
change in brain structure and metabolism. Observed changes in the immune system include decreased natural killer cell function and, in some cases, autoimmunity
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Myalgic_encephalomyelitis/chronic_fatigue_syndrome
Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection
well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are rare in people who have normal immune function. The late stage is often also associated
HIV/AIDS
Intense stress or pain one feels at experiencing longing
who have divorced have compromised immune systems because of inflammatory cytokines followed by a state of depression. The sentiment is expressed in a collection
Broken_heart
Autoimmune disease
weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. Typically, both sides of the body are involved, and the initial symptoms are
Guillain–Barré_syndrome
Insufficient body levels of zinc
combination with other nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin A). Impaired immune function in people with zinc deficiency can lead to the development of respiratory
Zinc_deficiency
Biological concept
response and adaptation to chronic stress but also in the regulation of the immune system and the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes
Allostasis
Loss of hair from areas on the body
between sleep disorders and alopecia areata, findings remain inconclusive. However, since sleep disturbances impact immune function, they may play a role
Alopecia_areata
Food intended for consumption by dogs usually made from meat
fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides influence immune function, ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations and concentrations
Dog_food
Human disease
intoxicating effects of alcohol and the subsequent depression of the normally protective gag and cough reflexes, leads to more frequent and severe pneumonia from
Alcoholic_lung_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
modulate several cellular functions in various biological systems including the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and nervous systems. GPR65's
GPR65
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
environmental, immune, and bacterial factors in genetically susceptible individuals. It results in a chronic inflammatory disorder, in which the body's immune system
Crohn's_disease
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
with physical symptoms, emotional factors such as loss of function and jobs, depression, and fear, as well as existential concerns. Palliative-care team
Parkinson's_disease
Biological processes that may contribute to autism
bacteria and abnormal immune responses on brain development: Some studies on rodents have shown gut bacteria influencing emotional functions and neurotransmitter
Mechanism_of_autism
Type of cancer of lymph nodes
Risk factors include poor immune function, autoimmune diseases, Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis C, obesity, and Epstein–Barr virus infection
Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma
Chronic low-grade inflammation that develops with advanced age
aging and inflammation and how they change with chronological age. Fine control and modulation of the immune system response becomes fragile and less precise
Inflammaging
Condition of not having enough sleep
responsible for regulating circadian rhythms as well as metabolism and immune function. To describe the temporal course of the sleep-wake cycle, a two-process
Sleep_deprivation
Life-threatening response to infection
benefit, others not. A person's age, immune system function, the virulence of the pathogen causing infection, and the amount of microorganisms in the body
Sepsis
Skin condition where patches lose pigment
thought to be caused by the immune system attacking and destroying melanocytes. Variations in genes expressed in immune cells or melanocytes have been
Vitiligo
Primary female sex hormone
Rhodes G, Simmons LW (February 2017). "The effects of sex hormones on immune function: a meta-analysis" (PDF). Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical
Estrogen
Class of immune system proteins
role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that
Toll-like_receptor
American neuroscientist
reproduction and growth to bolster immune function. The net result of these photoperiod-mediated adjustments is enhanced immune function and increased survival
Randy_J._Nelson
Cell surface receptor found in humans
(cluster of differentiation 284), is a key activator of the innate immune response and plays a central role in the fight against bacterial infections. TLR4
Toll-like_receptor_4
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
limited area and performs an exocrine or paracrine function. The peripheral systems in which dopamine plays an important role include the immune system, the
Dopamine
Period in American history, 1929–1939
the Great Depression is commonly (though not universally) dated to the Wall Street crash of October 1929. The nadir came in 1931–1933, and recovery came
Great Depression in the United States
Great_Depression_in_the_United_States
no immunity, competitive replacement, extinction by interbreeding with early modern human populations, natural catastrophes, climate change, and inbreeding
Neanderthal_extinction
Inflammatory disease featuring pain and stiffness
remains elusive. It is, at the very least, an immune-mediated disease, with both innate and adaptive immune system elements being known to play a role.
Polymyalgia_rheumatica
Field of study
models of depression. BDNF is involved in depression through its effects on serotonin. BDNF has been shown to promote the development, function, and expression
Epigenetics_of_depression
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
protein components of an adaptive immune system whose main function is to bind antigens, or foreign substances in the body, and target them for destruction
Protein
Mammalian protein found in humans
resulting in lower CRH levels and HPA function. Abnormally high levels of CRH have been found in people with major depression, and in the cerebrospinal fluid
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing_hormone
Insufficient production of thyroid hormones
cold, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, constipation, slow heart rate, depression, and weight gain. Occasionally, there may be swelling of the front part
Hypothyroidism
Clear liquid secreted from glands in eyes of mammals
lubricating the eyes (basal tears), removing irritants (reflex tears), and also aiding the immune system. Tears also occur as a part of the body's natural pain
Tears
Area between the torso and the thigh
play a role in the immune system. A chain of superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain to the deep nodes. There are two depressions called fossae in an
Groin
Diagnosis used in the 1930s to describe infants who wasted away while in hospital
Hospitalism (or anaclitic depression in its sublethal form) was a pediatric diagnosis used in the 1930s to describe infants who wasted away while in a
Hospitalism
Field of study
and an increased risk of PTSD. Trauma exposure can also disrupt the HPA axis, thus altering peripheral immune function. The effect of PTSD on immune function
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
Epigenetics_of_anxiety_and_stress–related_disorders
can cause severe health concerns and prevent proper immune system functioning. Immune responses to pharmaceutical exposure can be very common in accidental
Pharmacotoxicology
Autoimmune disease affecting the peripheral nervous system
rituximab (Rituxan) which targets B cells, and cyclophosphamide, a drug which reduces the function of the immune system. Ciclosporin has also been used in
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Chronic_inflammatory_demyelinating_polyneuropathy
Physiological reaction to a perceived threat or harmful event
Hormones on Immune Function May be Vital for the Adaptive Reconfiguration of the Immune System During Fight-or-Flight Behavior". Integrative and Comparative
Fight-or-flight_response
Functional gastrointestinal disorder
stress on gut immunity and gut function. A number of probiotics have been found to be effective, including Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacteria
Irritable_bowel_syndrome
Steroid medication
medication mostly used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation in conditions such as asthma, COPD, and rheumatologic diseases. It is also
Prednisone
Pseudoscientific alternative medical adhesive foot pads
and unspecified chemicals from the body. Kinoki also claimed that the pads can treat various kinds of disease, including headaches, depression, and even
Detoxification_foot_pads
Microorganisms in or on human skin and biofluids
proliferation and death, (ii) regulating immune system function, and (iii) influencing metabolism of host-produced factors, foods and pharmaceuticals
Human_microbiome
Family of biomolecules
Moreover, blood NGF levels are increased in times of stress, during immune disease, and with asthma or arthritis, amongst other conditions. Whereas neurotrophic
Neurotrophic_factors
Difficulty experienced by humans during any stage of normal sexual activity
both men and women. Other causes may be aging, fatigue, pregnancy, medications (such as SSRIs), or psychiatric conditions, such as depression and anxiety
Sexual_dysfunction
Substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation
inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory
Psychological behavior
achieve goals. Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a real or perceived absence
Learned_helplessness
Aspect of human sexuality
satisfying sex lives. Physical limitations acquired from SCI affect sexual function and sexuality in broader areas, which in turn has important effects on quality
Sexuality after spinal cord injury
Sexuality_after_spinal_cord_injury
Inflammation of the heart muscle
Overall, myocarditis can be caused by infections, immune conditions, toxins, drug reactions, and physical injuries to the heart. The most common causes
Myocarditis
Microorganism consumed in food
consequences. Rarely, consumption of probiotics by children with lowered immune system function or who are already critically ill may result in bacteremia or fungemia
Probiotic
Condition negatively affecting an organism
of the immune system can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity, allergies, and autoimmune
Disease
Anticonvulsant medication
to reduce the risk of future episodes of depression. Lamotrigine is also used off label for unipolar depression (major depressive disorder), treatment-resistant
Lamotrigine
Mental disorder
where it impairs general function. OCD has been described since antiquity and has affected numerous notable historical and contemporary figures; understandings
Obsessive–compulsive_disorder
Class of medication used to treat depression and other conditions
thinking and behavior when taken by children, adolescents, and young adults. Discontinuation syndrome, which resembles recurrent depression in the case
Antidepressant
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION
DEPRESSION AND-IMMUNE-FUNCTION