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Process by which cells lose secretory granules
Degranulation is a cellular process that releases antimicrobial, cytotoxic, or other molecules from secretory vesicles called granules found inside some
Degranulation
Immune cell found in connective tissue
cell can either selectively release (piecemeal degranulation) or rapidly release (anaphylactic degranulation) compounds or mediators from storage granules
Mast_cell
Variety of white blood cells
major basic protein. These mediators are released by a process called degranulation following activation of the eosinophil, and are toxic to both parasite
Eosinophil
Life-threatening allergic reaction
contrast among others) cause anaphylaxis by directly triggering mast cell degranulation. The frequency of a reaction to an agent partly depends on the frequency
Anaphylaxis
Type of white blood cell
methods for directly attacking microorganisms: phagocytosis (ingestion), degranulation (release of soluble anti-microbials), and generation of neutrophil extracellular
Neutrophil
Type of allergic reaction
cross-links the bound IgE on sensitized cells, resulting in anaphylactic degranulation, which is the immediate and explosive release of pharmacologically active
Type_I_hypersensitivity
Medical condition
The hives and angioedema seen in CSU is thought to be linked to the degranulation of skin mast cells. Mast cells release proteases, histamine, cytokines
Chronic_spontaneous_urticaria
Immunological condition
gastrointestinal, neurological, and respiratory problems. Because degranulation events can be triggered in various locations within the body, MCAS can
Mast_cell_activation_syndrome
Category of pharmaceutical drugs
medications used to prevent or treat certain allergic disorders. They block degranulation of mast cells, stabilizing it and thereby preventing the release of
Mast_cell_stabilizer
Genus of eusocial wasp
histamine increase in victim tissue – because it does not cause mast cell degranulation – and is not immunogenic. Hornets, like many social wasps, can mobilize
Hornet
Sour pickled Japanese fruit
effects, and "suggested that ume has the potential to inhibit mast cell degranulation and may be associated with reduced risk of allergic symptoms in women
Umeboshi
Enzyme in neutrophils and other immune cells
of the neutrophil and released into the extracellular space during degranulation. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase has a heme pigment, which causes its green
Myeloperoxidase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binding protein (FYB-120/130), also known as FYB, ADAP (Adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein), and SLAP-130 (SLP-76-associated phosphoprotein)
FYB
French immunologist and physician (1935–2004)
describing the action of very high dilutions of anti-IgE antibody on the degranulation of human basophils, findings that seemed to support the concept of homeopathy
Jacques_Benveniste
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cationic protein is encoded by the RNASE3 gene. ECP is released during degranulation of eosinophils. This protein is related to inflammation and asthma because
Eosinophil_cationic_protein
Surface protein important to the immune system
mast cells following engagement of FcεRI results in a process called degranulation, whereby the mast cell releases preformed molecules from its cytoplasmic
Fc_receptor
Chemical compound
in biochemical research, compound 48/80 is used to promote mast cell degranulation. "Compound48/80". Sigma-Aldrich. A. M. Rothschild (1970). "Mechanisms
Compound_48/80
Refuted theory behind homeopathic remedies
Sainte-Laudy J, Poitevin B, Benveniste J (30 June 1988). "Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE". Nature. 333 (6176):
Water_memory
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibody
the bound IgE and the aggregation of the underlying FcεRI, leading to degranulation (the release of mediators) and the secretion of several types of type
Immunoglobulin_E
substance triggering an allergic response upon degranulation. The cells are activated and start degranulation when the IgE antibody, bound to an allergen
Basophil_activation
Group of autoantibodies
The activated neutrophils can then adhere to endothelial cells where degranulation occurs. This releases free oxygen radicals and lytic enzymes, resulting
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Anti-neutrophil_cytoplasmic_antibody
Immune disorder caused by proliferation of mast cells
pro-inflammatory substances from mast cells. When mast cells undergo degranulation, the substances that are released can cause a number of symptoms that
Mastocytosis
Visible symptom of mastocytosis
Stroking the skin leads to a localised subcutaneous anaphylactoid reaction with mast cell degranulation and urticarial rash.
Darier's_sign
Lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs
muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins
Bronchospasm
Presumed set of adverse reactions
responses (1). ... Two types of degranulation have been described for MC: piecemeal degranulation (PMD) and anaphylactic degranulation (AND) (Figures 1 and 2)
Histamine_intolerance
activation and survival, angiogenesis stimulation, chemotaxis, mast cell degranulation, and macrophage activation. It has been shown to have both proinflammatory
C3a_(complement)
Cell membrane engulfing a large particle
serine proteases, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin and antibiotic proteins. Degranulation of these into the phagosome, accompanied by high reactive oxygen species
Phagocytosis
Group of proteins
calcium mobilization and neutrophil degranulation. FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb together are able to activate degranulation, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst
CD16
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
Hayes, NA; Burridge, J; Pearce, FL; Foreman, JC (1993). "Human basophil degranulation is not triggered by very dilute antiserum against human IgE". Nature
Homeopathy
1988 scientific controversy involving homeopathy
describing the action of very high dilutions of anti-IgE antibody on the degranulation of human basophils, findings that seemed to support the concept of homeopathy
Benveniste_affair
eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate, or evidence of eosinophil degranulation. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (epithelioid hemangioma
List_of_skin_conditions
Protein found in humans
pyroptosis cytolysis pore formation in membrane of other organism neutrophil degranulation pore complex assembly defense response to Gram-negative bacterium defense
GSDMD
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
apoptotic cell death, regulation of receptor trafficking, mast cell degranulation, and inflammation. Regarding inflammation, P2X7 receptor induces the
P2RX7
Anti-microbial epithelial cell of the small intestine
bacterial DNA. Internalizing these PAMPs and activating TLR9 leads to degranulation and release of antimicrobial peptides and other secretions. Surprisingly
Paneth_cell
Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose
In the case of allergic rhinitis, the inflammation is caused by the degranulation of mast cells in the nose. When mast cells degranulate, they release
Rhinitis
Immune system response to a substance that most people tolerate well
sensitized cell. Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other inflammatory chemical
Allergy
Human biomolecule
complexes leads to degranulation of mast cells or basophils and release of inflammatory mediators. Under laboratory conditions, degranulation of isolated basophils
FCER1
Chemical compound
and mediator of many leukocyte functions, platelet aggregation and degranulation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. It is also involved in changes to vascular
Platelet-activating_factor
Protein used as a biomarker of kidney function
process negative regulation of collagen catabolic process neutrophil degranulation supramolecular fiber organization eye development response to hypoxia
Cystatin_C
Chemical compound
also sometimes is used to reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting degranulation of platelets which reduces the release of ADP and thromboxane. Like
Sulfinpyrazone
Antibiotic
mechanisms contribute to its efficacy. Azithromycin may prevent mast cell degranulation and thus can suppress inflammation of dorsal root ganglia through various
Azithromycin
Secretory vesicles within the immune system
enzymes and antimicrobial peptides, that are released by a process called degranulation following activation of the granulocyte by an immune stimulus. Specific
Specific_granule
Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
Gram-negative bacterium defense response to Gram-positive bacterium neutrophil degranulation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
Protein domain
together by 3 disulfide bridges. Anaphylatoxins are able to trigger degranulation (release of substances) of endothelial cells, mast cells or phagocytes
Anaphylatoxin
Substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation
inhibiting microtubule polymerization, doing so prevents the activation, degranulation and migration of neutrophils. Colchicine is mostly used in treatment
Anti-inflammatory
22-amino acid residue peptide
pennsylvanicus). At low concentrations, MCD peptide can stimulate mast cell degranulation. At higher concentrations, it has anti-inflammatory properties. In addition
MCD_peptide
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
to death. Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen. Type II hypersensitivity
Immune_system
Protein-coding gene in humans
of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process natural killer cell degranulation protein targeting positive regulation of phagocytosis antigen processing
RAB27A
Class of medications
Tricyclic antidepressant are supposed to have effect on reducing mast cell degranulation, thus reducing pain and the symptoms associated with mast cell activation
Tricyclic_antidepressant
Chemical compound
results in platelet-shape change, inside-out activation of integrins, and degranulation. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets
Thromboxane_A2
Development of hives after contact with water
interaction, the absorption of which causes perifollicular mast cell degranulation with release of histamine. Another proposed theory is of a water-soluble
Aquagenic_urticaria
Chemical compound
benzopyrone. Nedocromil acts as a mast cell stabilizer, inhibits the degranulation of mast cells, prevents release of histamine and tryptase, so preventing
Nedocromil
Part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells
Both C3a and C5a have anaphylatoxin activity, directly triggering degranulation of mast cells as well as increasing vascular permeability and smooth
Complement_system
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
Neutrophils migrate from blood vessels to the infected tissue via chemotaxis, where they remove pathogens through phagocytosis and degranulation
Inflammation
Widening of blood vessels
C3a and C5a, bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils causing degranulation. Granules in these cells contain histamine, platelet-activating factor
Vasodilation
Small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells
chemoattractant for neutrophils and also activating their metabolic and degranulation. Proteins are classified into the chemokine family based on their structural
Chemokine
Tail region of an antibody
effects of antibodies (detection of opsonized particles; cell lysis; degranulation of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils; and other processes). In
Fragment crystallizable region
Fragment_crystallizable_region
Protein-coding gene in humans
carbohydrate ligands. CD107a has also been shown to be a marker of degranulation on lymphocytes such as CD8+ and NK cells, and may also play a role in
LAMP1
Chemical compound
activity in HIV-1 replication assays. Finally, NADA can prevent the degranulation and release of TNF from RBL- 2H3 (Rodent Basophilic Leukemia; Histamine
N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
development innate immune response antimicrobial humoral response neutrophil degranulation antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
S100A7
Small particle, often in plants
cells. The process by which granule contents are released is known as degranulation. This tightly controlled process is initiated by immunological stimuli
Granule_(cell_biology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
process cobalt ion transport ion transport cobalamin transport neutrophil degranulation transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA:
Haptocorrin
Second generation H1-antihistamine
Rupatadine possesses anti-allergic properties such as the inhibition of the degranulation of mast cells induced by immunological and non-immunological stimuli
Rupatadine
Chemical compound
membranes. CGRP binding to its receptor will also promote mast cell degranulation and infiltration by neutrophils and other immune cells. The increase
Umbellulone
Class of chemical compounds
Interleukin_2 (IL-2) production in CD4 T cells. They can also trigger mast cell degranulation. They interact with three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), LPS1/GPR34
Lysophosphatidylserine
Medical condition
13% of adult-onset sudden cardiac deaths are coupled with mast cell degranulation concluding that Kounis syndrome can involve a silent allergic reaction
Kounis_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
process protein transport Golgi to plasma membrane transport neutrophil degranulation endocytic recycling Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI:
VPS35L
American chemist
several mechanisms of action, a principle one is suppression of mast cell degranulation in skin. Hydroxamate compounds developed by Heindel's lab have been
Ned_D._Heindel
Cellular object readily stainable with a RomanowskI stain
Azure A Azure (color) Granule Lysosome Specific granules Neutrophil degranulation "Phagocytes-Neutrophils". Archived from the original on 2008-08-21.
Azurophilic_granule
Drug that blocks histamine or histamine agonists
Tritoqualine Catechin Mast cell stabilizers are drugs which prevent mast cell degranulation. Examples include: Cromolyn sodium Nedocromil β-agonists The first H1
Antihistamine
innate immune response inflammatory response opsonization neutrophil degranulation ovarian cumulus expansion extracellular matrix organization Sources:Amigo
PTX3
Medical condition
of disordered intracellular trafficking there is impaired lysosome degranulation with phagosomes, so phagocytosed bacteria are not destroyed by the lysosome's
Chédiak–Higashi_syndrome
British scientific journal
Sainte-Laudy, J.; Poitevin, B.; Benveniste, J. (June 1988). "Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE". Nature. 333 (6176):
Nature_(journal)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
protein kinase activity peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation neutrophil degranulation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
PTPRC
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regulation of bone mineralization biomineral tissue development platelet degranulation protease localization to mast cell secretory granule granzyme-mediated
Serglycin
Hypersensitivity reaction to a food
sensitized cell. Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other inflammatory chemical
Food_allergy
Species of centipede
Lan et al. It was found that Sco m 5 can promote the degranulation of mast cells (i.e. degranulation of mast cells is associated with edema at the respiratory
Chinese_red-headed_centipede
Type of white blood cell
which suggests that these cells have other roles in inflammation. The degranulation of basophils can be investigated in vitro by using flow cytometry and
Basophil
Medical condition
symptoms). Some studies have shown that edema attacks are associated with degranulation (release of enzymes and mediators from eosinophils), and others have
Gleich's_syndrome
Family of proteins
as well as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, resulting in the release of histamine and prostaglandin
Beta_defensin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
insulin response to zinc ion response to ethanol proteolysis neutrophil degranulation tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Gamma-glutamyl_hydrolase
Drugs that block the action of histamine
Immunoglobulin E, tyrosine kinases rapidly signal into the cell, leading to cell degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the
H1_antagonist
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
azurophil granule lumen Biological process protein localization neutrophil degranulation cytoskeleton organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases
Serine/threonine kinase 11 interacting protein
Serine/threonine_kinase_11_interacting_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ceramide metabolic process cellular sphingolipid homeostasis neutrophil degranulation negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo /
ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3
ORMDL_sphingolipid_biosynthesis_regulator_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transduction positive regulation of cell migration ovulation neutrophil degranulation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
TSG-6
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
the second messenger that drives platelet conformational change and degranulation. Endothelial prostacyclin binds to prostanoid receptors on the surface
Platelet
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
granule lumen Biological process regulation of immune response neutrophil degranulation osteoclast differentiation collagen-activated signaling pathway Sources:Amigo
OSCAR_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein transport cell cycle ESCRT III complex disassembly neutrophil degranulation cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs
IST1_homolog
Recessive genetic condition
in SLOS. They may cause defects in IgE receptor-mediated mast cell degranulation and cytokine production, which are cells involved in allergic and immune
Smith–Lemli–Opitz_syndrome
Most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis
channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure, may reduce mast cell degranulation in patients with urticaria pigmentosa. A 1984 study by Fairly et al
Urticaria_pigmentosa
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
heavy chains) binds to Fc receptor ε on a mast cell, triggering its degranulation: the release of molecules stored in its granules. The antibody isotype
Antibody
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of virus membrane with host plasma membrane viral process neutrophil degranulation interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway protein refolding Sources:Amigo
Peptidylprolyl_isomerase_A
Medication used to treat chronic spontaneous urticaria
found in mast cells and basophils that regulates their activation and degranulation via pathways involving the FcεRI and B-cell receptor. By irreversibly
Remibrutinib
Tricyclic antidepressant
constipation). Amitriptyline is supposed to have effect on reducing mast cell degranulation, thus reducing pain and the symptoms associated with mast cell activation
Amitriptyline
Protein-coding gene in humans
regulation of calcium ion transport immune system process neutrophil degranulation transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA:
CRACR2A
Cooking ingredient
Prevents Allergic Rhinitis-Like Symptoms and IgE-Mediated Basophil Degranulation". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 75 (1): 140–144. doi:10
Sake_kasu
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
nucleotide-excision repair mRNA splicing, via spliceosome neutrophil degranulation protein refolding Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI:
PPIE_(gene)
Skin disease characterized by red, raised, and itchy bumps
thought to alter adenosine release and inhibit IgE mediated mast cell degranulation, Sulfasalazine is a good option for people with anemia who cannot take
Hives
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus positive regulation of mast cell degranulation neutrophil chemotaxis antigen processing and presentation of exogenous
FCER1G
Protein found in humans
and ERK2 cascade inflammatory response apoptotic process neutrophil degranulation chitin catabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process Sources:Amigo
CHI3L1
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