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Architecture of early generative grammar
Deep structure and surface structure (also D-structure and S-structure although those abbreviated forms are sometimes used with distinct meanings) are
Deep structure and surface structure
Deep_structure_and_surface_structure
Topics referred to by the same term
Surface structure may refer to: Surface finish of physical objects Surface roughness of physical objects Deep structure and surface structure in transformational
Surface_structure
Circular geological feature in the Sahara desert
the structure by Matton, et al. (2005, 2008) concluded it was not an impact structure. Further analysis of deep structure underneath the surface, including
Richat_Structure
Geologic structures formed during sediment deposition
environment. In general, as deeper (into the sediment) burrows become more common, the shallower the water. As (intricate) surface traces become more common
Sedimentary_structures
Earliest model of generative grammar
deep structure and a surface structure. The deep structure represents a sentence's core semantic relations and is mapped onto the surface structure, which
Transformational_grammar
Concept in cosmology
"A Structure In Deep Space Is So Giant It's Challenging Standard Physics". Vice. Debono, Ivan; Smoot, George (2016-09-28). "General Relativity and Cosmology:
Large-scale structure of the universe
Large-scale_structure_of_the_universe
Topics referred to by the same term
structuralism Deep structure and surface structure, concepts in linguistics, specifically the study of syntax in the Chomskyan tradition Social structure, a pattern
Structure_(disambiguation)
Type of crystal structure
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite, this latter consisting of calcium
Perovskite_(structure)
Interior of the earth
internal structure of Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater
Internal_structure_of_Earth
Structure composed of thin alternating layers of different materials
phases, but their high surface energy makes them unstable and prone to break up when annealing allows diffusion to progress. A deeper eutectic or more rapid
Lamellar_structure
Building or other structure made largely from soil
An earth structure is a building or other structure made largely from soil. Since soil is a widely available material, it has been used in construction
Earth_structure
Three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule
Zhou C, Tang X, Hu X, Tian G, Yang J, Yao Y (2025). "Protein structure prediction via deep learning: an in-depth review". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16
Protein_structure
Arrangement of a soil's particles and pore spaces
overlapping lenses parallel to the soil surface. They are thickest in the middle and thin towards the edges. Lenticular structure is commonly associated with moist
Soil_structure
Proposed momentum exchange tether
space elevator in that a skyhook would be much shorter and would not come in contact with the surface of the Earth. A skyhook would require a suborbital launch
Skyhook_(structure)
Structural system where a building is designed to act like a hollow cylinder
supported by the structure as a whole. About half the exterior surface is available for windows. Framed tubes require fewer interior columns, and so allow more
Tube_(structure)
Coastal defense structure
breakwaters, ships and marine organisms can pass them, if being deep enough. These marine structures reduce the collided wave energy and prevent the generation
Breakwater_(structure)
been found to occur deep within the mantle of the Moon about 1,000 km below the surface. These occur with monthly periodicities and are related to tidal
Internal structure of the Moon
Internal_structure_of_the_Moon
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
structure which is responsible for some of its unique biological structures and pathogenicity. Many structural features are unique to bacteria, and are
Bacterial_cell_structure
Buried feature in south-east Australia, suggested to be an impact structure
The Deniliquin multiple-ring feature is a distinct deeply buried structure in south-east Australia. It is named after the town of Deniliquin. Its characteristics
Deniliquin multiple-ring feature
Deniliquin_multiple-ring_feature
1966 book by Noam Chomsky
as "a base system that generates deep structures and a transformational system that maps these into surface structures", essentially a form of transformational
Cartesian_Linguistics
Describes the range of energies of an electron within the solid
junctions, and other inhomogeneities, the bulk band structure is disrupted. Not only are there local small-scale disruptions (e.g., surface states or dopant
Electronic_band_structure
environment of the structure is mainly deep-water marine (i.e. continental rise) comprising coarser grained turbidity currents and related high-concentration
Dish_structure
Type of biological prediction
secondary and tertiary structure from primary structure. Structure prediction is different from the inverse problem of protein design. Protein structure prediction
Protein_structure_prediction
structure is a common term employed to characterize the porosity, pore size, pore size distribution, and pore morphology (such as pore shape, surface
Pore_structure
Largest verified impact structure on Earth
Database Deep Impact – The Vredefort Dome Satellite image of Vredefort impact structure from Google Maps Impact Cratering: an overview of Mineralogical and Geochemical
Vredefort_impact_structure
Meteorite impact structure in Australia
Tookoonooka is a large meteorite impact structure (astrobleme) situated in South West Queensland, Australia. It lies deeply buried within Mesozoic sedimentary
Tookoonooka_impact_structure
Conditions under which a building is still considered useful
In civil engineering and structural engineering, serviceability refers to the conditions under which a building or road surface is still considered useful
Serviceability_(structure)
Vertical nested structure like tightly packed ice cream cones stacked inside one another
Cone-in-cone structures are secondary sedimentary structures that form in association with deeper burial and diagenesis. These vertically nested structures resemble
Cone-in-cone_structures
Oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide
photo-generated charge-carrier separation, altering electronic band structures, and improving surface reactivity. List of minerals Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC
Rutile
Science of the description and interpretation of deformation in the Earth's crust
planar feature on another planar surface). The inclination of a planar structure in geology is measured by strike and dip. The strike is the line of intersection
Structural_geology
Asteroid impact structure in France
destroyed its impact crater, the initial surface expression of the asteroid impact, leaving highly deformed bedrock and fragments of the crater's floor as evidence
Rochechouart_impact_structure
Artificial intelligence program by DeepMind
program developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques
AlphaFold
Lectures series on music and theory given by Leonard Bernstein
transformation from deep structure to surface structure. Deep structure comprises underlying phonemes and word parts, while surface structure is the spoken
The Unanswered Question (lecture series)
The_Unanswered_Question_(lecture_series)
Lowest and supporting layer of a structure
the structure deeply into the ground, increasing its stability and preventing overloading. To prevent lateral movements of the supported structure (in
Foundation_(engineering)
Framework for describing natural languages' syntax
structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. It is a type of phrase structure grammar
Head-driven phrase structure grammar
Head-driven_phrase_structure_grammar
Seismic wave velocity variation
contributions of Keiiti Aki and Adam Dziewonski in the 1970s and 1980s, enabling a deeper understanding of the Earth's velocity structure. Their work laid the
Seismic_velocity_structure
Effect in surface physics
Surface reconstruction refers to the process by which atoms at the surface of a crystal assume a different structure than that of the bulk. Surface reconstructions
Surface_reconstruction
showed that SSI provisions of both NEHRP and ASCE 7-10 result in unsafe designs for structures with surface foundation on moderately soft soils, but NEHRP
Soil-structure_interaction
Part of the penis located outside of the pelvic cavity
the upper surface lodges the deep dorsal vein of the penis, which is flanked by a pair of cavernosal veins of the penis, while a deeper and wider groove
Body_of_penis
Structures that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity
tendons and ligaments. These structures are attached to the hip bones. These bones are the pubis, ilium and ischium. The interior surface of these pelvic
Vaginal_support_structures
20th-century dispute among American linguists
Chomsky’s paradigm considers the deep structure and transformation that link the deep structure to the surface structure essential for describing the structural
Linguistics_wars
Linguistic research program proposed by Noam Chomsky
between deep structure and surface structure in favour of a derivational approach the elimination of X-bar theory in favour of bare phrase structure (see
Minimalist_program
Artificial islands used as infrastructure in aquatic environments
deep waters. They are fixed in place by column tubes, piles, or other bracing systems. The pontoon-type VLFS platform rests on the water surface and is
Very_large_floating_structure
Model of levels of increasing complexity in understanding
Create), the SOLO taxonomy assesses the depth and complexity of understanding, moving from surface to deep learning. Unlike Bloom's fixed hierarchical model
Structure of observed learning outcome
Structure_of_observed_learning_outcome
Crater on Venus
Arrokoth's surface. Sky's impact structure has a diameter of 6.8 km, which takes up 7% of the Weeyo lobus. The hole of the impact structure is 1 km deep. The
Sky_(crater)
Ribbon-like veins and nodules of calcite
detrital quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. The depositional environments that molar tooth structures are found in span from deep waters near storm wave
Molar_tooth_structure
Theorem relating graph minors and topological embeddings
In mathematics, the graph structure theorem is a major result in the area of graph theory. The result establishes a deep and fundamental connection between
Graph_structure_theorem
Deepest borehole on Earth located in Russia
Bodén, Anders; Eriksson, K. Gösta (1988). Deep Drilling in Crystalline Bedrock: The deep gas drilling in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden and astroblemes
Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
Step pyramid in the Mayan city of Chichen Itza in Tinúm, Mexico
archaeologists as Chichen Itza Structure 5B18. Built by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization sometime between the 8th and 12th centuries CE, the building
El_Castillo,_Chichen_Itza
Organisation of the British Army
Lines, Wiltshire and a personnel and UK operations command, Home Command, located at Aldershot Garrison, Hampshire. The command structure within the British
Structure_of_the_British_Army
Class of materials
self-cleaning functionality of these surfaces are commonly inspired by natural phenomena observed in lotus leaves, gecko feet, and water striders to name a few
Self-cleaning_surfaces
Fauna found in deep-sea areas
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish
Deep-sea_fish
Prehistoric impact crater in Mexico
alongside the much older Sudbury and Vredefort impact structures, and the only one whose peak ring is intact and directly accessible for scientific
Chicxulub_crater
large percentage of confirmed impact structures. As meteorites impacting Earth should impact evenly across the surface, it is suggested this situation is
List of impact structures on Earth
List_of_impact_structures_on_Earth
Pit to allow surface waste water to drain
A dry well or soak is a structure formed underground that disposes of unwanted water, such as surface runoff water and stormwater. In this process, the
Dry_well
Mineral of magnesium iron silicate
is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface. Olivine has many uses, such as the gemstone peridot (or chrysolite), as
Olivine
Impact crater in north Alaska
is a subcircular structure about 12 km (7.5 mi) in diameter and 1 km (0.62 mi) deep. In the structure, metamorphic basement rocks and regionally flat lying
Avak_crater
Three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid polymer
Nucleic acid tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid polymer. RNA and DNA molecules are capable of diverse functions ranging
Nucleic acid tertiary structure
Nucleic_acid_tertiary_structure
Works that re-shape the earth's surface
earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock. An incomplete list of possible temporary or permanent geotechnical shoring structures that
Earthworks_(engineering)
Impact crater in New Mexico
called an "impact structure" and not a crater because it is so deeply eroded. Current estimates place the age of the impact between 1.4 and 1.6 billion years
Santa_Fe_impact_structure
Two-dimensional manifold
define holomorphic maps to and from the surface—in which case the surface is called a Riemann surface), or an algebraic structure (making it possible to detect
Surface_(topology)
Electronic states at the surface of materials
band structure from the bulk material to the vacuum. In the weakened potential at the surface, new electronic states can be formed, so called surface states
Surface_states
Type of building foundation
load to the earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths, as does a deep foundation. Customarily, a shallow
Shallow_foundation
Concrete structures used in offshore marine environments
Offshore concrete structures, or concrete offshore structures, are structures built from reinforced concrete for use in the offshore marine environment
Offshore_concrete_structure
Scientific instrument aboard the InSight Mars lander
maps of the deep interior. Better understanding the internal structure of Mars will lead to better understanding of the Earth, Moon, and rocky planetary
Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure
Seismic_Experiment_for_Interior_Structure
Polygonal stone columns
Columnar jointing is a geological structure where sets of intersecting closely spaced fractures, referred to as joints, result in the formation of a regular
Columnar_jointing
between two different representations of a sentence, called deep structure and surface structure. The two representations are linked to each other by a set
Transformational_syntax
Study of the external features of the body of an animal
proportions of the human body and the surface landmarks which correspond to deeper structures hidden from view, both in static pose and in motion. In addition
Surface_anatomy
Lake in Quebec, Canada
Manicouagan Reservoir lies within the remnant of an ancient, deeply eroded impact crater (Impact structure). The crater was formed following the impact of an asteroid
Manicouagan_Reservoir
Impact structure in Indiana, United States
shatter cones and deformed bedrock led geologists to conclude by the late 1960s that the Kentland structure is a deeply eroded impact structure, rather than
Kentland_crater
Subterranean structure formed by volcanic eruption
geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. They are a type of diatreme composed of a deep, narrow carrot-shaped
Volcanic_pipe
Structure giving the tongue its characteristic rough texture
papillae (sing.: papilla, from Latin lingua 'tongue') are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give it its characteristic rough texture
Lingual_papillae
Crater containing multiple concentric topographic rings
the surface after impact can obliterate any trace of the initial impact point. Usually, a peak ring crater has a high structure with a terrace and has
Multi-ringed_basin
Artificial wall used for supporting soil between two different elevations
wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side
Retaining_wall
Life in the deep subsurface of the Earth
The deep biosphere is the part of the biosphere that resides below the first few meters of the land surface and seafloor. It extends 10 km (6.2 mi) below
Deep_biosphere
Standard terms for unambiguous description of relative placement of body parts
nearer to the body's surface, such as a peripheral nerve. These terms refer to the distance of a structure from the surface. Deep (from Old English) describes
Anatomical_terms_of_location
Distinction between phrases that have a primary word ("head") and that don't
languages. As constraint-based models such as LFG do not represent a "deep structure" at which non-configurational languages can be treated as configurational
Endocentric_and_exocentric
The structure of the French Army is fixed by Chapter 2 of Title II of Book II of the Third Part of the Code of Defense, notably resulting in the codification
Structure_of_the_French_Army
Geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures
geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures from electrical resistivity measurements made at the surface, or by electrodes in one or more boreholes
Electrical resistivity tomography
Electrical_resistivity_tomography
Protective structure used during the excavation of tunnels
scaffold-like iron structure with three levels and twelve sections per level, with a solid load-bearing top surface. The structure protected the men from
Tunnelling_shield
Independent evolution of similar features
homologous structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their
Convergent_evolution
Theory that describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning
occur often involves surface structure and deep structure. The surface structure is the way a problem is framed. The deep structure is the steps for the
Learning_theory_(education)
Impact structure in Ontario, Canada
Basin is 62 km (39 mi) long, 30 km (19 mi) wide, and 15 km (9.3 mi) deep, although the modern ground surface is much shallower.[citation needed] The main
Sudbury_Basin
Ankle bone protrusion
The major structure that passes anterior to the medial malleolus is the saphenous vein. Structures that pass behind medial malleolus deep to the flexor
Malleolus
Structure binding nerves and vessels
A neurovascular bundle is a structure that binds nerves and veins (and in some cases arteries and lymphatics) with connective tissue so that they travel
Neurovascular_bundle
Building structures in or adjacent to large bodies of water
suitable humidity and protection from hazardous weather should be used when painting and coating steel structures, and keeping joint surfaces clean for welding
Marine_construction
Hardened, weight-bearing structure of a horse's limbs
as a structure devoted to dissipating the energy of concussion, and as a surface to provide grip on different terrains. They are elastic and very tough
Horse_hoof
The structure of the United States Army is complex, and can be interpreted in several different ways: active/reserve, operational/administrative, and branches/functional
Structure of the United States Army
Structure_of_the_United_States_Army
Narrow eastward ocean current in the central North Pacific Ocean
a meridional maximum in column-integrated water vapor, indicating a deep structure of the atmosphere response. Xu, Lixiao; Xie, Shang-Ping; Liu, Qinyu;
Subtropical_Countercurrent
Type of geologic intrusion
upward toward the surface and pierce the overburden, forming diapirs (including salt domes), pillars, sheets, or other geological structures. In addition to
Diapir
Physical oceanographic feature
during summer a double core structure is detectable, with a shallow pycnocline created by the stratification of surface water heated by the sun. On the
Lofoten_Vortex
solvent accessible surface area and MaxASA is the maximum possible solvent accessible surface area for the residue. Both ASA and MaxASA are commonly
Relative accessible surface area
Relative_accessible_surface_area
Structural design made of isolated members held in place by tension
Hyperboloid structure – Type of unbounded quadratic surface-shaped building or work Interactions of actors theory Saddle roof – Type of roof structure Space
Tensegrity
French historian and leader of the Annales School (1902–1985)
That, for Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects. It is the time of the courte durée proper and the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean
Fernand_Braudel
Construction 20 meters or more below ground, using methods other than cut-and-cover
an overhead support structure that is strong enough to carry the load of what is to be built above the tunnel. Although some deep mining took place as
Deep_level_underground
Make of gravity based oil platform structure
Contractors in Stavanger, Norway. Condeep is an abbreviation for concrete deep water structure. A Condeep usually consists of a base of concrete oil storage tanks
Condeep
Explosive weapon concept
deep enough, the explosion would not breach the surface of the ground and would thus produce a cavern (a camouflet) that would remove the structure's
Earthquake_bomb
Characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact orientable surface
a deep and difficult theorem (also due to Thurston). The hyperbolic 3-manifolds that arise in this way are called fibered because they are surface bundles
Nielsen–Thurston classification
Nielsen–Thurston_classification
Lake in Southern Savonia, Finland
remnant is about 2 km wide and 160 m deep. Its existence was later confirmed by drilling results. The discovery was made in 1989 and therefore Iso-Naakkima
Iso-Naakkima
Artery supplying face structures in humans
internal maxillary artery) supplies deep structures of the face. It branches from the external carotid artery just deep to the neck of the mandible. The
Maxillary_artery
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
Girl/Female
Indian, Kashmiri
Body Structure
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid structure
Boy/Male
Indian
Good Structure
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : nickname for someone with a deformed hand or who had lost one hand, from Middle English hand, Middle High German hant, found in such appellations as Liebhard mit der Hand (Augsburg 1383).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname from German Hand ‘hand’ (see 1).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Flaithimh (see Guthrie), resulting from an erroneous association of the Gaelic name with the Gaelic word lámh ‘hand’. It is used as an English equivalent for several other names of Gaelic origin too, e.g. Claffey, Glavin, and McClave.Dutch : from a variant of hont ‘dog’, ‘hound’, either a derogatory nickname, or a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a dog.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
The Structure of God
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumbria and Durham)
English (Cumbria and Durham) : variant spelling of Furness.
Girl/Female
Indian
Shape, Structure
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Dean.Dutch : ethnic name for a Dane, Middle Dutch Deen.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of hoops and bands, etc., from Middle English band, bond, Middle High German, Middle Low German bant, German Band denoting something used for tying or binding: ‘hoop’, ‘metal band’, ‘fetter’, ‘shackle’.Old spelling of the Dutch cognates Bant, Bande, from Middle Dutch bant ‘band’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid structure
Girl/Female
Indian
Shape, Structure
Girl/Female
Indian
Structure
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shape, Structure
Surname or Lastname
Indian (northern states)
Indian (northern states) : Hindu name meaning ‘lamp’, from Sanskrit dīpa. It occurs commonly as the final element of compound personal names, e.g. in Kuldeep ‘light of the family’. Subsequently, it appears to have evolved into a surname.English : presumably from the adjective deep, either a topographic name for someone who lived in a deep valley, or perhaps a nickname for a ‘deep’, thoughtful person.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim
Solid Structure; Lifetime
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, Scottish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : topographic name for someone who lived on patch of sandy soil, from the vocabulary word sand. As a Swedish or Jewish name it was often purely ornamental.Dutch and Belgian : reduced form of Van den Sand(e), Van den Zande, a habitational name from places such as Zande in West Flanders or various minor places named with zand ‘sand’.English and Scottish : from a short form of Alexander.French : from a Germanic personal name, Sando.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dear.Scottish : habitational name from (Old and New) Deer in Aberdeenshire.Hungarian : variant of Dér, from the secular personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : topographic name from Old English land, Middle High German lant, ‘land’, ‘territory’. This had more specialized senses in the Middle Ages, being used to denote the countryside as opposed to a town or an estate.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a forest glade, Middle English, Old French la(u)nde, or a habitational name from Launde in Leicestershire or Laund in West Yorkshire, which are named with this word.Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads so named, from Old Norse land ‘land’, ‘territory’ (see 1 above).
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shape, Structure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English dÄ“ma, dÅma‘judge’, hence an occupational name, or a byname for an arbiter of disputes.Altered spelling of German Diem and Diehm
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE
DEEP STRUCTURE-AND-SURFACE-STRUCTURE