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Search references for SOIL STRUCTURE. Phrases containing SOIL STRUCTURE
See searches and references containing SOIL STRUCTURE!SOIL STRUCTURE
Arrangement of a soil's particles and pore spaces
In geotechnical engineering, soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. It is
Soil_structure
Earth, a natural material
plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists
Soil
Ground–structure interaction (SSI) consists of the interaction between soil (ground) and a structure built upon it. It is primarily an exchange of mutual
Soil-structure_interaction
Soil layer whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
horizon at the mineral soil surface or buried; contains organic matter that has at least partly been modified in-situ; soil structure and/or structural elements
Soil_horizon
Ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth
is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention; Soil pH in the range 5.5 to 7.0 (suitable for most plants
Soil_fertility
Soil material that is ordinarily a solid behaving like a thick liquid
transferred from the ground surface to layers of soil or rock at greater depths. This loss of soil structure causes it to lose its strength (the ability to
Soil_liquefaction
Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils
Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil
Soil_mechanics
Study of chemical characteristics of soil
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental
Soil_chemistry
Soil type with pH > 8.5
Alkali or alkaline soils are clay soils with high pH (generally greater than 8.5), often accompanied by poor soil structure and low infiltration capacity
Alkali_soil
Study of physical properties of soils
including texture, color, structure, and consistence. Morphological evaluations of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple
Soil_morphology
Study of living things in soil
influence on soil fertility, plant growth, soil structure, and carbon storage. As a relatively new science, much remains unknown about soil biology and
Soil_biology
Soil additive
N-butoxyacrylamide. The most common use of soil conditioners is to improve soil structure. Soils tend to become compacted over time. Soil compaction impedes root growth
Soil_conditioner
Process of soil formation
(anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in color, structure, texture,
Soil_formation
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
soil acidification, a side-effect of plant growth and nutrient export by crops, improving soil structure, and thus soil aeration, and increasing soil
Fertilizer
Application of minerals to soil
used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. The degree to which a given amount of lime per unit of soil volume
Liming_(soil)
Salt content in the soil
and gypsiferous soils, resulting in changes in soil structure and a reduction in strength and stiffness. Research on gypsiferous soils has further demonstrated
Soil_salinity
Study of microorganisms in soil
nitrogen into the soil. This led to more advanced microorganisms, which were important because they effected soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms
Soil_microbiology
physical properties of soil, in order of decreasing importance for ecosystem services such as crop production, are texture, structure, bulk density, porosity
Physical_properties_of_soil
Soil type
affect the soil structure. Red soils are often deficient in nitrogen due to local rainfall patterns (e.g. intense leaching of nitrates), soil erosion, which
Red_soil
Area of depressed road surface
of water in the underlying soil structure and traffic passing over the affected area. Water first weakens the underlying soil; traffic then fatigues and
Pothole
Solid carbon stored in global soils
minerals. Soil carbon contributes to vital functions of soil in ecosystems, including water holding capacity, nutrient retention, and soil structure. Soil carbon
Soil_carbon
Engineering technique
within soils, various polymers have been shown to increase water retention and reduce erosion, increase soil shear strength, and support soil structure. A
Polymer_soil_stabilization
Soil biodiversity refers to the relationship of soil to biodiversity and to aspects of the soil that can be managed in relative to biodiversity. Soil
Soil_biodiversity
Water content of the soil
field by its evaporation from the plant itself. Water affects soil formation, structure, stability and erosion but is of primary concern with respect
Soil_moisture
Displacement of soil by water, wind, and lifeforms
Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic
Soil_erosion
Capacity of soil to perform ecosystem services
support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality. Soil quality relates to soil functions. Unlike water or air
Soil_quality
Process in geotechnical engineering to increase soil density
problematic soils. Soil compaction (agriculture) Soil degradation Compactor Earthwork Soil structure Aeration Shear strength (soil) Soil compaction due
Soil_compaction
Pollution of land by human-made chemicals or other alteration
thickness and structure of the underlying mineral horizon, could used at low cost for the early detection and mapping of potential soil contamination
Soil_contamination
Preservation of soil nutrients
in soil is caused by irrigating with salty water. Water then evaporates from the soil leaving the salt behind. Salt breaks down the soil structure, causing
Soil_conservation
Decrease in porosity of soil due to agriculture
Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally
Soil_compaction_(agriculture)
Study of the interaction of soil and life
variations in structure, nutrients, moisture, temperature, and pH that support different organisms depending on such combinations. Soil is formed through
Soil_ecology
Systematic categorization of soils
standardized methods for comparing soils across regions and applications. Soil classification is a dynamic subject, from the structure of the system, to the definitions
Soil_classification
Agricultural tool
smoothing out the surface of the soil. The purpose of harrowing is to break up clods and to provide a soil structure, called tilth, that is suitable for
Harrow_(tool)
Property of soil
tillage. Soil aggregate stability is a measure of soil structure and can be affected by soil management. Aggregate stability is one of indicators of soil quality
Soil_aggregate_stability
Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
the type of photosynthetic pathway (C3/C4), of the respired plant structures. Soil respiration can vary spatially due to oxygen gradients within aggregates
Soil_respiration
Gases in the air space between soil components
influence of climate warming. Gases fill soil pores in the soil structure as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption
Soil_gas
Creation of new soil and rejuvenation of soil health
left bare. Physical - the structure of the soil is changed in a way that inhibits the flow of water and air into the soil. Compaction by large vehicles
Soil_regeneration
What soils can report about a history of a place.
different levels of the hierarchical organization of soil structure, ranging from individual soil horizons and morphological features to microstructures
Soil_memory
Agricultural practice of changing crops
from a diverse set of crops. Additionally, crop rotations can improve soil structure and organic matter, which reduces erosion and increases farm system
Crop_rotation
Organic matter component of soil
non-exhaustive list of these benefits to soil function includes improvement of soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention
Soil_organic_matter
Succession of soil horizons
texture, soil structure, soil pH, consistence, mineral and chemical composition, and arrangement in the soil profile. These result in soils which perform
Soil_series
Layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground
and biological activity, the subsoil generally has a soil structure. The presence of structure distinguishes the subsoil from the underlying substratum
Subsoil
Aggregates of soil particles formed naturally
Soil structure Soil type Soil horizon Jahn, Reinhold; Blume, Hans-Peter; Asio, Victor B.; Spaargaren, Otto; Schad, Peter (2006). Guidelines for soil description
Ped
Mixtures of organic and mineral material that are designed to approximate natural soils
proportion of mineral material determines the soil aeration and drainage and influences the soil structure. Beyond the size, physical properties such as
Constructed_soil
Crop planted to manage erosion and soil quality
Cover crops reduce soil loss by improving soil structure and increasing infiltration, protecting the soil surface, scattering raindrop energy, and reducing
Cover_crop
Crop grown between plantings of a main crop
promotes environmental benefits such as fortifying soil structure, retention of water and enhancement of soil biological activity. Catch crops revolve around
Catch_crop
Two processes associated with loss of stable soil equilibrium
Soil retrogression and degradation are two regressive evolution processes associated with the loss of equilibrium of a stable soil. Retrogression is primarily
Soil retrogression and degradation
Soil_retrogression_and_degradation
Magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain
is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. The shear resistance of soil is a result of friction
Shear_strength_(soil)
Invertebrates and vertebrates living in soil
Soil harbours a huge number of animal species (30% of arthropods live in soil), whether over their entire life or at least during larval stages. Soil
Soil_animals
Branch of soil science
delivered to the soil. In natural ecosystems soil aeration is chiefly accomplished through the effect of soil organisms on soil structure. Humans commonly
Agricultural_soil_science
State of soil, meeting ecosystem functions
Soil health is a state of a soil meeting its range of ecosystem functions as appropriate to its environment. In more colloquial terms, the health of soil
Soil_health
Irrigation water quality parameter
The behaviour of clay aggregates influences the soil structure and affects the permeability of the soil on which directly depends the water infiltration
Sodium_adsorption_ratio
Cutans are the modification of the soil texture, or soil structure, at natural surfaces (particle, pore, or ped) in soil materials due to illuviation. Cutans
Cutans
Building or other structure made largely from soil
An earth structure is a building or other structure made largely from soil. Since soil is a widely available material, it has been used in construction
Earth_structure
Gardening tool
reduced-till seedbed preparation process because they preserve the soil structure and avoid the resurfacing of weed seeds. It consists of five or so metal
Broadfork
Land use management system
profits, reduced soil erosion, creating wildlife habitat, less pollution, managing animal waste, increased biodiversity, improved soil structure, and carbon
Agroforestry
Greek geotechnical engineer (1976-)
liquefaction. He specializes in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil-structure interaction, combining numerical and experimental methods. At the ETH
Ioannis_Anastasopoulos
Buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH
Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Chemically, this happens when a proton donor gets added to the soil
Soil_acidification
Farming approach
soil management is threatening the ability to grow sufficient food. Intensive agriculture reduces the carbon level in soil, impairing soil structure,
Sustainable_agriculture
Species of worm
organic material on the soil surface, including leaves and mulch which depletes nutrients and can change the soil structure. Due to soil disruption, it can
Amynthas_agrestis
Growing multiple crops together in agriculture
legumes can improve soil structure: when they decay, they leave pores in the soil, improving drainage and allowing air into the soil. Some such as white
Polyculture
Organic matter in soils resulting from decay of plant and animal materials
improves (that is, decreases) the bulk density of soil. Humus is amorphous and lacks the cellular structure characteristic of organisms. The solid residue
Humus
Application of methods to protect soil and enhance its performance
fertility or soil mechanics). It includes soil conservation, soil amendment, and optimal soil health. In agriculture, some amount of soil management is
Soil_management
Method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils
on a US mobile ballistic missile launch system (MGM-134 Midgetman) soil/structure design program in 1984 at the Earth Technology Corporation of Long Beach
Cone_penetration_test
Dense layer of soil found below topsoil
pollution. Soil structure strongly affects its tendency to form a hard pan. One such common soil condition related to hardpan is soil pH. Acidic soils are most
Hardpan
Artificial wall used for supporting soil between two different elevations
supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope
Retaining_wall
Local soil where seeds are planted
finer soil structure. The surface the soil can be broken down into a fine granular structure using a tool such as a rake. Soil improvement. The soil structure
Seedbed
soil taxonomy hierarchy includes orders, suborders, great groups, subgroups, families and series, with each series representing a unique kind of soil
Soil_in_the_United_States
Maryland in 1899, more than 10 million acres (40,000 km2) of the Cecil soil series (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) are now mapped in
Cecil_(soil)
Soils formed under waterlogged conditions
degrading concrete and steel structures to the point of failure. The soils and sediments most prone to becoming acid sulfate soils formed within the last 10
Acid_sulfate_soil
Luxury hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
saturated soil and the novelty of the project required groundbreaking dynamic analysis and design to take into consideration soil-structure interaction
Burj_Al_Arab
Terrestrial invertebrate, order Opisthopora
An earthworm is a soil-dwelling terrestrial invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Annelida. The term is the common name for the largest members of the
Earthworm
Topmost part of the soil layer
and varies in quantity between different soils; more organic matter increases the strength of the soil structure. It condenses and settles over time in
Topsoil
Structure created by worms, typically on soils such as those on beaches
A worm cast is a structure created by worms, typically on soils or sand such as those found on beaches. They are formed when worms process sediment while
Worm_cast
Soil based seismic demand system
that seeks to reduce seismic demand on structures by exploiting the mechanical and dynamic properties of the soil-foundation system. In contrast to conventional
Geotechnical seismic isolation
Geotechnical_seismic_isolation
Health of soil, suitability for growing
stabilization of soil structure. The resulting soil structure reduces tensile strength and soil-bulk density while still forming soil aggregates through
Tilth
Study of properties of soil earthworks
physical properties of soil earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface
Geotechnical_investigation
Hydrological property of soil
soil structure also influence soil water retention. The maximum amount of water that a given soil can retain is called field capacity, whereas a soil
Soil_water_(retention)
root structure of the vine and influences the drainage levels and amount of minerals and nutrients that the vine is exposed to. The ideal soil condition
List_of_vineyard_soil_types
Volume occupied by liquid and gas phases in a soil
soil and on the amount of sorting occurring within the soil structure. For example, a sandy soil will have a larger porosity than a silty sand, because
Pore_space_in_soil
Scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems
physical properties of soil and rock underlying and adjacent to a site to design earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for the repair of
Geotechnical_engineering
seven soil deposits in India. They are alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, arid soil, forest soil, mountainous soil, and marsh soil. These
Major_soil_deposits_of_India
clay soil swells or undergoes dispersion which drastically reduces its infiltration capacity. In the dispersed[clarification needed] soil structure, the
Residual sodium carbonate index
Residual_sodium_carbonate_index
Lowest and supporting layer of a structure
soil mechanics and rock mechanics (geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures. Foundations provide the structure's stability
Foundation_(engineering)
Midatlantic US soil series
topsoil is a bit sticky, has a fine-sized subangular blocky structure, has few roots in the soil, and can be acidic. Horizon B (Upper Subsoil)- Brown sandy
Sassafras_(soil)
Communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
These filaments bind soil particles throughout the uppermost soil layers, forming a 3-D net-like structure that holds the soil together in a crust. Other
Biological_soil_crust
Measure of how acidic or alkaline the soil is
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis both
Soil_pH
Family of annelid worms
other earthworm families. They are an essential part of maintaining soil structure, minor carbon sequestration, and maintaining terrestrial ecosystems
Megascolecidae
Region of soil or substrate comprising the root microbiome
exudation can generate Anoxic microsites in soil adjacent to roots, shaping microbial community structure. The term "rhizosphere" was used first in 1904
Rhizosphere
Land & irrigation
Irrigation with saline or high-sodium water may damage soil structure owing to the formation of alkaline soil. An irrigation scheme draws water from groundwater
Environmental impact of irrigation
Environmental_impact_of_irrigation
Nutrient-rich soil type
materials derived from plant roots and typically have soft, granular soil structure. Mollisols typically occur in savannahs and mountain valleys (such as
Mollisol
The Olympic soil series is a type of deep, dark reddish brown, moderately fine-textured soil that has developed on mafic rock such as basalt. The series
Olympic_(soil)
Genus of annelid worms
many states, as they disrupt the native forest ecology by affecting soil structure and chemistry. Amynthas species can be differentiated from other earthworms
Amynthas
Loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from soil due to rain and irrigation
the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Soil structure, crop planting, type and application rates of fertilizers
Leaching_(agriculture)
Very dark, fertile Amazonian anthropogenic soil
and fish bones, broken pottery, etc., accumulated. Many terra preta soil structures are now thought to have formed under kitchen middens, as well as being
Terra_preta
Classification of soil or sediment
clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water
Silt
Type of soil in frozen state
Permafrost (from perma- 'permanent' and frost) is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two years or more; the
Permafrost
Symbiotic penetrative association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
is the important contribution of the glue-like protein glomalin to soil structure (see below). This knowledge is applicable to human endeavors of ecosystem
Arbuscular_mycorrhiza
Discipline studying soils of the past eras
determining the structure of a soil fossil, but today X-ray diffraction is preferred because it permits the crystal structure of the former soil to be determined
Paleopedology
Study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of Earth
Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical
Soil_science
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