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Computer file
A data file is a computer file which stores data to be used by a computer application or system, including input and output data. A data file usually
Data_file
Topics referred to by the same term
data contained in a computer file File system, a method of storing and organizing computer files and their data Files by Google, an Android app Files
File
compressed file ARC – pre-Zip data compression ARJ – ARJ compressed file BZ2 – bzip2 CAB – A cabinet file is a library of compressed files stored as one file. Cabinet
List_of_file_formats
Process of salvaging inaccessible data from corrupted or damaged secondary storage
secondary storage, removable media or files, when the data stored in them cannot be accessed in a usual way. The data is most often salvaged from storage
Data_recovery
A file signature is data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or magic bytes and are usually
List_of_file_signatures
Text format for tabular data using a comma between fields
CSV is a form of delimiter-separated values. A CSV file is a file that contains CSV-formatted data. CSV is not limited to a particular character encoding
Comma-separated_values
Type of file format
The Spatial Data File (SDF) is a single-user geodatabase file format developed by Autodesk. The file format is the native spatial data storage format for
Spatial_Data_File
Computer resource for recording data on a storage device
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older
Computer_file
Computer filing system
computer. A distributed file system is a protocol that provides file access between networked computers. A file system provides a data storage service that
File_system
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
storage, file hosting services, databases, data warehouses, spreadsheets, archives, tapes, off-site or cloud backups, mobile devices etc.). Data at rest
Digital_data
Errors in computer data that introduce unintended changes to the original data
to provide end-to-end data integrity, or lack of errors. In general, when data corruption occurs, a file containing that data will produce unexpected
Data_corruption
Data about other data
museum collections, digital audio files, websites, etc.). Describing the contents and context of data or data files increases its usefulness. For example
Metadata
Proprietary file system developed by Microsoft
several files hidden from the user to store metadata about other files stored on the drive which can help improve speed and performance when reading data. In
NTFS
Computer file operation
where data is sent to a remote system. A download is a file offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file. Downloading
Download
Metadata standard in digital media
audio data, and IMA-ADPCM for compressed audio data). It does not support JPEG 2000 or GIF encoded images. This standard consists of the Exif image file specification
Exif
File holding settings for a computer program
A configuration file, also known as config file, is a file that stores data used to configure a software system such as an application, a server or an
Configuration_file
Geographic Data Files (GDF) is an interchange file format for geographic data. In contrast with generic GIS formats, GDF provides detailed rules for data capture
Geographic_Data_Files
Compact encoding of digital data
The process of reducing the size of a data file is often referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding:
Data_compression
Family of archive file formats
ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed
ZIP_(file_format)
Method used in data files
A watermark stored in a data file refers to a method for ensuring data integrity which combines aspects of data hashing and digital watermarking. Both
Watermark_(data_file)
continent data file is a plain text format describing the list of countries by continent, suitable for automated processing. Note: This data was compiled
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent (data file)
List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_continent_(data_file)
Standard protocol for transferring files over TCP/IP networks
explanation or request (e.g., <Need account for storing file>). An ongoing transfer of file data over the data connection can be aborted using an interrupt message
File_Transfer_Protocol
Computer file containing plain text
as a sequence of lines of electronic text. A text file exists stored as data within a computer file system. In operating systems such as CP/M, where the
Text_file
Structure of information stored on a computer
for very particular types of data: PNG files, for example, store bitmapped images using lossless data compression. Other file formats, however, are designed
File_format
Computer file encoded in binary form
binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". Many binary file formats
Binary_file
Computer format for digital audio
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of the audio data (excluding metadata) is called
Audio_file_format
Family of chemical file formats
Chemical table file (CT file) is a family of text-based chemical file formats that describe molecules and chemical reactions. One format, for example,
Chemical_table_file
File format used to present documents
U3D or PRC, and various other data formats. The PDF specification also provides for encryption and digital signatures, file attachments, and metadata to
Windows Bitmap image file format family
systems. The BMP file format is capable of storing two-dimensional digital images in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha
BMP_file_format
File system for tracking pending changes
changes in a data structure known as a "journal", which is usually a circular log. In the event of a system crash or power failure, such file systems can
Journaling_file_system
Data file standard
Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) is a data file standard for the reading and writing of data from flow cytometry experiments. The FCS specification has traditionally
Flow_Cytometry_Standard
Standardized means of organizing and storing digital images
storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so using
Image_file_format
File format for 3D printing and scanning
file. Following the header is a 4-byte little-endian unsigned integer indicating the number of triangular facets in the file. Following that is data describing
STL_(file_format)
Shell command for reporting file type information
file is a shell command for reporting the type of data contained in a file. It is commonly supported in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. As the command
File_(command)
File format and file compression program
As the file format can be decompressed via a streaming algorithm, it is commonly used in stream-based technology such as Web protocols, data interchange
Gzip
File format for protein data
Protein Data Bank (PDB) file format is a textual file format describing the three-dimensional structures of molecules held in the Protein Data Bank, now
Protein Data Bank (file format)
Protein_Data_Bank_(file_format)
Computer file operation
called file copying. Uploading directly contrasts with downloading, where data is received over a network. In the case of users uploading files over the
Upload
Offset that corresponds to the first byte beyond the length of a computer file
end-of-file (EOF) is a condition in a computer operating system where no more data can be read from a data source. The data source is usually called a file or
End-of-file
File format that stores chemical formulae and structures
chemical file format is a type of data file which is used specifically for depicting molecular data. One of the most widely used is the chemical table file format
Chemical_file_format
Data structure for query optimization in databases
databases separate the data and index blocks into separate files, others put two completely different data blocks within the same physical file(s). When multiple
Database_index
Method of overwriting data
removed data across the entire device. Permanent data erasure goes beyond basic file deletion commands, which only remove direct pointers to the data disk
Data_erasure
Practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information
networking. File sharing technologies, such as BitTorrent, are integral to modern media piracy, as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free
File_sharing
Script file for Microsoft computer operating systems
batch of multiple data. Similar to Job Control Language (JCL), DCL and other systems on mainframe and minicomputer systems, batch files were added to ease
Batch_file
File format standard for storing audio on PCs
Interchange File Format (RIFF) bitstream format method for storing data in chunks, and thus is similar to the 8SVX and the Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF)
WAV
Content-addressable, peer-to-peer hypermedia distribution protocol
The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a protocol, hypermedia and file sharing peer-to-peer network for sharing data using a distributed hash table
InterPlanetary_File_System
Widely used CAD 3D data exchange file format
STEP-file is a widely used data exchange form of STEP. ISO 10303 can represent 3D objects in computer-aided design (CAD) and related information. A STEP-file
ISO_10303-21
American electronics products business
filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Data I/O experienced a ransomware-related cybersecurity incident on 16 August 2025. "Data I/O
Data_I/O
File format and file archiver program
writing data for a sequential I/O device with no file system, and the name is short for the format description "tape archive". When stored in a file system
Tar_(computing)
Configuration file format
An INI file is a configuration file for computer software that consists of plain text with a structure and syntax comprising key–value pairs organized
INI_file
File format for storing digital video data
A video file format is a type of file format for storing digital video data on a computer system. Video is almost always stored using lossy compression
Video_file_format
Network protocol that provides file management over any reliable data stream
File Transfer Protocol, also known as Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), is a network protocol that provides file access, file transfer, and file management
SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol
Conversion of digital data between formats
requires that data contains, for example, parity bit checks. Similarly, the operating system is predicated on certain standards for data and file handling
Data_conversion
CAD software interoperability file format
Exchange Format) is a computer-aided design (CAD) data file format developed by Autodesk to enable CAD data exchange and interoperability between AutoCAD
AutoCAD_DXF
Type of data compression
technology often reduces file sizes significantly before degradation is noticed by the end-user. Even when noticeable by the user, further data reduction may be
Lossy_compression
Archive file format created for Microsoft Windows
Cabinet (or CAB) is an archive-file format for Microsoft Windows that supports lossless data compression and embedded digital certificates used for maintaining
Cabinet_(file_format)
Geographic data file
A world file is a six line plain text sidecar file used by geographic information systems (GIS) to georeference raster map images. The file specification
World_file
File format designed to store three-dimensional data from 3D scanners
computer file format known as the Polygon File Format or the Stanford Triangle Format. It was principally designed to store three-dimensional data from 3D
PLY_(file_format)
Syntax for defining data structures
defining data structures, especially database schemas. Common examples of DDL statements include CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. If you see a .ddl file, that means
Data_definition_language
Digital audio format
standard). MP3 as a file format commonly designates files containing an elementary stream of MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio encoded data. Concerning audio
MP3
Stored data in computer systems
different types of data storage devices used for copying backups of data that is already in secondary storage onto archive files. There are also different
Backup
Text format for indicating tabular data
delimited text file is a text file that stores data as DSV. Such a file can be classified as a flat-file database if, in fact, the data is database-like
Delimiter-separated_values
Unix philosophy
(rather than explicitly structured data), and allowing the usage or creation of objects by opening or creating files in the global filesystem name space
Everything_is_a_file
Published specification for storing digital data
An open file format is a file format for storing digital data, defined by an openly published specification usually maintained by a standards organization
Open_file_format
Inefficient use of storage space
manage data in small, fixed-sized units called blocks or sectors, which file systems abstract into their own units called blocks or clusters. When a file system
Fragmentation_(computing)
System for digitally encoding audio signals
indicating DSD raw. Files containing DSF data would typically use the.dsf file suffix. No official media type has been registered for the DSF file format. Freedesktop
Direct_Stream_Digital
Amount of data in or storage spaced used for a computer file
File size is a measure of how much data a computer file contains or how much storage space it is allocated. Typically, file size is expressed in units
File_size
Type of database index
to the database. The inverted file may be the database file itself, rather than its index. It is the most popular data structure used in document retrieval
Inverted_index
File format
Image Data File (last revision: version 1.0 revision 4, dated 24 December 1997) and CIFF Specification on File/Directory organization and File Handling
Camera_Image_File_Format
Archive file of an optical disc
disc file system. ISO images contain the binary image of an optical media file system (usually ISO 9660 and its extensions or UDF), including the data in
Optical_disc_image
Microsoft Windows file manager application
File Explorer, previously known as Windows Explorer, is a file manager application and default desktop environment that is included with releases of the
File_Explorer
Type of simple executable file
has no header (with the exception of CP/M 3 files), and contains no standard metadata, only code and data. This simplicity exacts a price: the binary
COM_file
Family of lossless-compression image file formats
pronounced /ˌpiːɛnˈdʒiː/ PEE-en-JEE) is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression. PNG was developed as an improved, non-patented
PNG
Archive file format
RAR is a proprietary archive file format that supports data compression, error correction and file spanning. It was developed in 1993 by Russian software
RAR_(file_format)
File system that allows many clients to have access
A distributed file system for cloud is a file system that allows many clients to have access to data and supports operations (create, delete, modify, read
Distributed file system for cloud
Distributed_file_system_for_cloud
Input/output functionality in the C programming language
random-access data files; to read from a record in the middle of a file, the programmer must create a stream, seek to the middle of the file, and then read
C_file_input/output
Data processing technique to eliminate duplicate copies of repeating data
copies of content at the whole-file level with a single shared copy. While possible to combine this with other forms of data compression and deduplication
Data_deduplication
Computer file format for calendar information
recipients of an iCalendar data file can respond to the sender easily or counter-propose another meeting date/time. The file format is specified in a proposed
ICalendar
Repository of data stored in a raw format
A data lake is a system or repository of data stored in its natural, raw format, usually object blobs or files. A data lake is usually a single store of
Data_lake
BitTorrent-related file format
In the BitTorrent file distribution system, a torrent file or meta-info file is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed
Torrent_file
File format used in digital photography
A camera raw image file is a file that contains unprocessed data straight from a digital camera. Such data can later be changed into a photo, either within
Raw_image_format
Open-source distributed SQL query engine
query large data sets distributed over one or more heterogeneous data sources. Trino can query data lakes that contain a variety of file formats such
Trino_(SQL_query_engine)
File system for magnetic tape
requires both a specific format of data on the tape media and software to provide a file system interface to the data. The technology, based around a self-describing
Linear_Tape_File_System
Connection standard for electronic musical instruments
or playback. MIDI also defines a file format that stores and exchanges the data. Advantages of MIDI include small file size, ease of modification and manipulation
MIDI
Data-interchange format
/ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value
JSON
Type of decentralized filesystem
the other parts of the cluster. Parallel file systems are a type of clustered file system that spread data across multiple storage nodes, usually for
Clustered_file_system
Computer file system architecture design
well-suited file system for data exchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from 1981 through to the present. A FAT file system is
Design_of_the_FAT_file_system
Computer data using only printable characters
text is a loose term for unformatted text or nontextual data represented as text (e.g. file contents) using printable characters (for example letters
Plain_text
Microsoft's implementation of the shared library concept in Windows and OS/2
can contain code, data, and resources, in any combination. Data files with the same file format as a DLL, but with different file extensions and possibly
Dynamic-link_library
Image file format with multiple editions
(indicating its primary data format rather than the amended information). JFIF is mutually incompatible with the newer Exchangeable image file format (Exif). JFIF
JPEG_File_Interchange_Format
Software architecture
distributed file system. The designers of distributed applications must determine the best placement of the application's programs and data in terms of
Distributed Data Management Architecture
Distributed_Data_Management_Architecture
Standard for encoding geographical information
Geographic Information System were based on bespoke software and stored data in bespoke file structures designed for the needs of the particular project. As more
GIS_file_format
Type of file format
erasure code system that produces par files for checksum verification of data integrity, with the capability to perform data recovery operations that can repair
Parchive
Filename suffix indicating file type
filename extension, also known as file name extension or file extension, is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that
Filename_extension
Data that remains after deleting it
may result from data being left intact by a nominal file deletion operation, by reformatting of storage media that does not remove data previously written
Data_remanence
Systematic organization of data
characters, fields, records, files and so on. This concept is a starting point when trying to see what makes up data and whether data has a structure. For example
Data_hierarchy
Standardized tag format for references exchange
sheet was named "Bill, Unenacted Bill"; the "Dataset" sheet was named "Data File"; the "Interview", "Podcast", "Press Release", and "Sheet1" (a list of
RIS_(file_format)
Sequence of bits or bytes of a fixed size
storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, and rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs. Most file systems are
Block_(data_storage)
Payment processing company in the US
City 100 list five years in a row.[citation needed] In 2009, Cynergy Data filed a liquidating Chapter 11 plan, with the warning that its assets would
Cynergy_Data
Open source data recovery software
utility software for data recovery with text-based user interface using data carving techniques, designed to recover lost files from various digital camera
PhotoRec
Distributed file system protocol
Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems (Sun) in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer
Network_File_System
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