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Statistical measure of reliability
Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach's α {\displaystyle \alpha } ) or coefficient alpha (coefficient α {\displaystyle \alpha } ), is a reliability coefficient and
Cronbach's_alpha
Topics referred to by the same term
Cronbach can refer to: Abraham Cronbach (1882–1965), American Rabbi, teacher and known pacifist Lee Cronbach (1916–2001), American educational psychologist
Cronbach
American psychologist (1916–2001)
Lee Joseph Cronbach (April 22, 1916 – October 1, 2001) was an American educational psychologist who made contributions to psychological testing and measurement
Lee_Cronbach
American rabbi and teacher
Abraham Cronbach (February 15, 1882 – April 2, 1965) was an American rabbi and teacher, known as a pacifist. He served as a rabbi for congregations in
Abraham_Cronbach
American sculptor, teacher (1908–2001)
Robert M. Cronbach (1908 – 2001) was an American sculptor, medalist, and teacher. He is best remembered for his medals, architectural sculpture, public
Robert_Cronbach
Object whose existence depends upon a subject's mind
variable, on the other hand, is a summary of observed empirical findings. Cronbach and Meehl (1955) define a hypothetical construct as a concept for which
Construct_(philosophy)
Cognitive process of decision to act
Lyn; Cronbach, Lee J.; Kupermintz, Haggai K.; Lohman, David F.; Mandinach, Ellen B.; Porteus, Ann W.; Talbert, Joan E. (September 2001). Cronbach, Lee
Volition
Extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
correlations of test scores with some known criterion. Under the direction of Lee Cronbach, the 1954 Technical Recommendations for Psychological Tests and Diagnostic
Test_validity
Cronbach' Alpha SESAMO questionnaire α Male Female Single condition 0.710 0.696 Couple condition 0.771 0.700
SESAMO
Theory and technique of psychological measurement
full-length tests. Perhaps the most commonly used index of reliability is Cronbach's α, which is equivalent to the mean of all possible split-half coefficients
Psychometrics
Sculpture in Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Eye of Fashion is an 18 x 10 foot bronze sculpture by Robert Cronbach in 1978, installed outside the Fashion Institute of Technology's Goodman Center,
Eye_of_Fashion
Statistical framework
reliability of performance assessments. It was originally introduced by Lee Cronbach, N. Rajaratnam, and Goldine Gleser in 1963. In G theory, sources of variation
Generalizability_theory
Whether items that propose to measure the same construct produce similar scores
consistency of the test. Internal consistency is usually measured with Cronbach's alpha, a statistic calculated from the pairwise correlations between items
Internal_consistency
American novelist, poet, and translator
Robert Cronbach and a poet mother, Maxine Cronbach. She grew up on Long Island with two younger brothers, Michael Cronbach, and Lee Cronbach, a musician
Maria_Espinosa
Neighbourhood in Venice
1897. Cronbach, Berlin 1897, 1913 (German) Träumer des Ghetto. 1898. Cronbach, Berlin 1908, 1922 (German) Komödien des Ghetto. 1907. Cronbach, Berlin
Venetian_Ghetto
Psychometric reliability formula
than Cronbach's alpha (used in this way, the Spearman-Brown formula is also called "standardized Cronbach's alpha", as it is the same as Cronbach's alpha
Spearman–Brown prediction formula
Spearman–Brown_prediction_formula
(ESP) psychic experiments conducted by Rhine over time. More generally, Cronbach, in his review article "Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology"
Decline_effect
American academic (1905–1979)
consistency reliability to a continuous case is often ascribed to Lee Cronbach (1951), despite the fact that Hoyt had already made this generalization
Cyril_Hoyt
Concept in statistical models applied to psychometrics
\rho _{C}} is the second most commonly used reliability factor after Cronbach's alpha), and is often recommended as its alternative. A quantity similar
Congeneric_reliability
Representation of concepts and relationships between concepts
meaning "lawful", or in philosophy of science terms, "law-like". It was Cronbach and Meehl's view of construct validity that in order to provide evidence
Nomological_network
Measures in psychometrics
Richardson's seminal paper on test reliability. It is a special case of Cronbach's α, computed for dichotomous scores. It is often claimed that a high KR-20
Kuder–Richardson_formulas
American psychologist
statistician. Hubert earned a doctorate from Stanford University under Lee Cronbach and Patrick Suppes, and held professorships in psychology (later as Lyle
Lawrence_Hubert
Self-reported ADHD assessment
good) Explanation with references Norms Adequate Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, split half, etc.) Excellent Alphas were > .90 for the School and
ADHD_Rating_Scale
American graduate school of religion
president of Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rabbi Israel Bettan, Rabbi Abraham Cronbach, Rabbi Tamara Cohn Eskenazi, Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, David Neumark
Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion
Hebrew_Union_College_–_Jewish_Institute_of_Religion
American psychologist (1920–2003)
should have greater wariness of hypothetical constructs. In 1955, Lee J. Cronbach and Meehl legitimized theory tests about unobservable, hypothetical constructs
Paul_E._Meehl
Psychological measurement
been consistent over the course of several year. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, split half, etc.) Adequate The original study on the AQ-27 by Corrigan
Attribution_Questionnaire
Psychometric instrument for visual imagery vividness
evaluated the reliability and construct validity of the VVIQ and the VVIQ2. Cronbach's α {\displaystyle \alpha } reliabilities for both the VVIQ and the VVIQ-2
Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Vividness_of_Visual_Imagery_Questionnaire
Measure of indicator representativeness
time the term construct validity was first coined by Paul Meehl and Lee Cronbach in their seminal article "Construct Validity In Psychological Tests". They
Construct_validity
American Jewish rabbi and activist (1921-1993)
married Marion Cronbach, daughter of Rose Hentil and prominent reform rabbi and well-known pacifist (and Davis's teacher) Abraham Cronbach. Davis and his
Maurice_Davis
American psychologist (1878–1958)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
John_B._Watson
Research approach in the learning sciences
completely understand. This stance has been validated by the findings of Cronbach and Snow (1977), which suggest that Aptitude-Treatment Interactions, where
Design-based_research
American psychologist and writer (born 1942)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Martin_Seligman
Type of bias
the researcher. A second cause for this type of bias was proposed by Lee Cronbach, when he argued that it is likely due to a problem in the cognitive processes
Response_bias
American counseling psychologist (born 1964)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Cynthia_de_las_Fuentes
Validity within a criteria
"Measurement Validity Types". conjointly.com. Retrieved 24 December 2020. Cronbach, Lee J.; Meehl, Paul E. (July 1955). "Construct validity in psychological
Criterion_validity
Extent to which a measurement corresponds to reality
7th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009. Print. Cronbach, Lee J.; Meehl, Paul E. (1955). "Construct validity in psychological tests"
Validity_(statistics)
Scientific and professional organization
Donald O. Hebb 1959 Wolfgang Köhler 1958 Harry Harlow 1957 Lee J. Cronbach 1956 Theodore Newcomb 1955 E. Lowell Kelly 1954 O. Hobart Mowrer 1953
American Psychological Association
American_Psychological_Association
Psychological concept
actually assesses the theoretical construct it claims to measure. Lee Cronbach and Paul Meehl's 1955 work established that constructs require continuous
Construct_(psychology)
American psychologist and statistician
of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology for 1977–1978. Cronbach, Lee J.; Gleser, Goldine C. (1957), Psychological Tests and Personnel Decisions
Goldine_Gleser
Projective psychological test created in 1921
cold reading. In the 1959 edition of Mental Measurement Yearbook, Lee Cronbach (former President of the Psychometric Society and American Psychological
Rorschach_test
American psychologist (1920–1996)
College in Pullman, where he studied under educational psychologist Lee Cronbach. His M.S. thesis was on clinical applications of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Timothy_Leary
about whether they are right. Many attribute this to a criticism that Lee Cronbach wrote in 1955 about how impression accuracy was calculated, which resulted
Interpersonal_perception
German author
Anderes. Moderne Zeitbilder. Berlin: S. Cronbach. 1892. Der Mitgiftdoktor. Ein Bild aus der Gegenwart. Berlin: S. Cronbach. 1892. Lüdtke, G.; Neuner, E., eds
Clementine_Cohn
American psychologist and scholar (1915–2016)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Jerome_Bruner
American psychologist (1905–1981)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Harry_Harlow
American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer (1859–1952)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
John_Dewey
Kenyan tennis player and business executive
16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024. Akong'a, Joshua; Cronbach, Lee; Cronbach, Anne; Levine, Harold G. (29 June 1990). Training for Development
Susan_Wakhungu-Githuku
American psychologist (1908–1970)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Abraham_Maslow
American studio potter
early years involved moving to New York to work with sculptor Robert M. Cronbach and becoming involved with the Federal Works Art Project. She was briefly
Janet_Leach
Overall consistency of a measure in statistics and psychometrics
consistency measure is Cronbach's alpha, which is usually interpreted as the mean of all possible split-half coefficients. Cronbach's alpha is a generalization
Reliability_(statistics)
rate higher than chance, and the inter-rater validity as measured by Cronbach's alpha (the likelihood of two psychologists providing similar interpretations
Need_for_power
Test for a person's response to conflict
test-retest repeatability, moderate internal consistency (measured by Cronbach's alpha), and low to moderate correlation with three other instruments.
Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument
Thomas–Kilmann_Conflict_Mode_Instrument
Method of identifying problem behavior in children
National probability samples used to establish norms. Internal Consistency (Cronbach's alpha) Ranges from Good to Excellent (depending on scale) Empirically
Child_Behavior_Checklist
Type of informational measurement scale
question is required to obtain an index of internal reliability such as Cronbach's alpha, which is a basic criterion for assessing the effectiveness of a
Rating_scale
Academic journal
10 (4): 255–282. doi:10.1007/BF02288892. PMID 21007983. S2CID 17220260. Cronbach, Lee J. (1951). "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests"
Psychometrika
Medical questionnaire
0.83). The internal consistency was comparable (SSS-8 Cronbach's α = 0.76 vs. PHQ-15 Cronbach's α = 0.80). Moreover, they found a similar pattern of correlations
Somatic_Symptom_Scale_–_8
Eating disorder questionnaire
confirmed by Vandereycken, and the scale shows good internal consistency with Cronbach's α of .81. Gathering data from parents and caregivers is extremely important
Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale
Anorectic_Behavior_Observation_Scale
Canadian-American psychologist (1925–2021)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Albert_Bandura
American psychometrician and educational psychologist
Psychology. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415285612. Retrieved 2015-06-14. Cronbach, Lee J. (1992). "Robert L. Thorndike (1910–1990): Obituary". American Psychologist
Robert_L._Thorndike
American psychologist (1886–1959)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Edward_C._Tolman
Psychological assessment tool
sample have not been reported. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, split half, etc.) Good Cronbach's alpha was over .90 for all of the subscales in many
Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale
Vanderbilt_ADHD_Diagnostic_Rating_Scale
Topics referred to by the same term
engine Alpha (finance), a measurement of active return on an investment Cronbach's alpha, a statistical measure of reliability Angular eccentricity (conventional
Alpha_(disambiguation)
Tool to measure user interfaces
questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was found to be high with Cronbach's alpha=.94 QUIS Version 2.0 was modified and expanded to three major sections
Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction
Questionnaire_for_User_Interaction_Satisfaction
Questionnaire that assesses sleep quality
Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, split half, etc.) Adequate A meta-analysis showed that nine studies contained Cronbach's alpha coefficients greater
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Pittsburgh_Sleep_Quality_Index
American psychologist (1920–2012)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
George_Armitage_Miller
Longitudinal study in the field of psychology
American Psychological Association president and educational psychologist Lee Cronbach, Ancel Keys, and Robert Sears himself. Over fifty men became college and
Genetic_Studies_of_Genius
Statistical measure of inter-rater agreement
tests perform when applied to a common set of individual characteristics. Cronbach's alpha, for example, is designed to assess the degree to which multiple
Krippendorff's_alpha
statement, Cook (1983) refers to the well-known educational researcher Cronbach about multivariate causal interdependency and validity, and the need for
Pragmatic_validity
Measures of observational error
statistical techniques, classically through an internal consistency test like Cronbach's alpha to ensure sets of related questions have related responses, and
Accuracy_and_precision
American social psychologist (1933–2024)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Philip_Zimbardo
American philosopher and psychologist (1842–1910)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
William_James
Statistical measure of how far values spread from their average
covariance matrix is symmetric. This formula is used in the theory of Cronbach's alpha in classical test theory. So, if the variables have equal variance
Variance
American educational psychologist (1917–2008)
Educational offices Preceded by Walter W. Cook President of the American Educational Research Association 1963–1964 Succeeded by Lee Cronbach
Nathaniel_Gage
American psychologist (1897–1967)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Gordon_Allport
Theory in psychometrics
Instead, researchers use a measure of internal consistency known as Cronbach's α {\displaystyle {\alpha }} . Consider a test consisting of k {\displaystyle
Classical_test_theory
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Herbert_Langfeld
the variances of the items and the scales, the Cronbach's α of the scales, and the change in the Cronbach's alpha when an item would be deleted from a scale
Data_analysis
Use of statistics in psychology
with each other. Split-half reliability (Spearman- Brown Prophecy) and Cronbach Alpha are popular estimates of this reliability. (D) Parallel Form Reliability:
Psychological_statistics
(psychologist) Martin A. Conway Catharine Cox, intelligence, genius Lee Cronbach, testing and measurement Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Positive psychology,
List_of_psychologists
Branch of the philosophy of science
judged are manifestations of traits, not manifestations of constructs. Cronbach and Meehl and their colleagues on the APA committee appear reluctant to
Constructive_realism
Self-report mood disorder questionnaire
research on the PHQ-9 in 2001. With regard to reliability, they found that Cronbach's alpha for the PHQ-9 was 0.89 in a sample comprising 3,000 primary care
PHQ-9
Concept in psychology
indicated that the scale had good internal consistency reliability (a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85). Attributional style (or explanatory style) is a concept
Locus_of_control
Research in Kyoto Education Charles E. Bidwell University of Chicago Lee J. Cronbach Stanford University Interactions of psychological measurements and social
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1971
List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1971
American psychologist (1932–2026)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Florence_Denmark
African-American married psychologist duo
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Kenneth_and_Mamie_Clark
American social psychologist (1903–1984)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Theodore_Newcomb
American psychologist (1874–1949)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Edward_Thorndike
Multiple-choice questionnaire used to screen for mental disorders
clinical and nonclinical sample Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, split half, etc.) Good Cronbach's alpha reported at .88 for measuring depression Inter-rater
Patient_Health_Questionnaire
American professor and cognitive scientist
Psychology (1970) from Stanford University, working under the mentorship of Lee Cronbach. In 1967–68, Linn worked with Jean Piaget and other researchers at the
Marcia_Linn
Software
the required threshold. Further Construct reliability is assessed using Cronbach Alpha and Composite Reliability, the required value for both is 0.70. Further
SmartPLS
Reform synagogue in Creve Coeur, Missouri, United States
The synagogue contains notable artworks by Rodney Winfield and Robert Cronbach. The congregation has attracted a number of notable speakers to address
Congregation Temple Israel (Creve Coeur, Missouri)
Congregation_Temple_Israel_(Creve_Coeur,_Missouri)
Austrian-born psychologist (born 1928)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Norman_Abeles
American psychologist
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Theodore_H._Blau
Field of scientific study
S. Aiken Anne Anastasi Gwyneth Boodoo Raymond Cattell Jacob Cohen Lee Cronbach Louis Guttman Frederic M. Lord Quinn McNemar Paul E. Meehl Jacqueline Meulman
Quantitative_psychology
American philosopher and psychologist
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Mary_Whiton_Calkins
Educational concept
(2003). The expertise reversal effect. Educational Psychologist, 38, 23-31. Cronbach, L. J., & Snow, R. E. (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods: A handbook
Expertise_reversal_effect
American clinical community psychologist
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
Charles_Spielberger
Measure of dependence between two variables
not sensitive at all to any inherent ordering in the variable values (Cronbach 1954, Coombs, Dawes & Tversky 1970, Lockhead 1970), and is therefore not
Mutual_information
American psychologist (1905–1986)
Hobart Mowrer (1954) E. Lowell Kelly (1955) Theodore Newcomb (1956) Lee Cronbach (1957) Harry Harlow (1958) Wolfgang Köhler (1959) Donald O. Hebb (1960)
E._Lowell_Kelly
Yields an estimate of the testee's position in population
Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2013. Cronbach, L. J. (1970). Essentials of psychological testing (3rd ed.). New York:
Norm-referenced_test
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