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Esterase that lyses choline-based esters
The enzyme cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, choline esterase; systematic name acylcholine acylhydrolase) catalyses the hydrolysis of choline-based esters, several
Cholinesterase
Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from breaking down the neurotransmitter
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor
Chemical agents that inhibit Cholinesterase
Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also known as anti-cholinesterase, are chemicals that prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or
Cholinesterase_inhibitor
Mammalian protein found in humans
pseudocholinesterase, or plasma (cholin)esterase, is a nonspecific cholinesterase, an enzyme that hydrolyses many different choline-based esters. In humans
Butyrylcholinesterase
Chemical compound
Cholinesterase reactivators are drugs that reverse the inhibition of cholinesterase by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are used as antidote for treating
Cholinesterase_reactivator
US military chemical warfare research
acetylcholine, resulting in what is essentially the opposite effect of a cholinesterase inhibitor to the extreme. This can result in anticholinergic syndrome
Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
Edgewood_Arsenal_human_experiments
Chemical compound
administrations including a capsule, solution and a transdermal patch. Like other cholinesterase inhibitors, it requires doses to be increased gradually over several
Rivastigmine
Medical condition
are known, such as S1, F1, and F2.[citation needed] Genes encoding cholinesterase 1 (CHE1) and CHE2 have been mapped to 3q26.1-q26.2. One gene is silent
Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency
Butyrylcholinesterase_deficiency
Combination medication
agents after surgery. It contains neostigmine as the methylsulfate, a cholinesterase inhibitor, and glycopyrronium bromide, an antimuscarinic agent.
Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide
Neostigmine/glycopyrronium_bromide
Primary cholinesterase in the body
acetylhydrolase, also known as AChase or acetylhydrolase, is the primary type of cholinesterase in the body, coded for in the human by the gene ACHE. It is an enzyme
Acetylcholinesterase
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
Walker LC, Rosen RF (July 2006). "Alzheimer therapeutics-what after the cholinesterase inhibitors?". Age Ageing. 35 (4): 332–335. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl009
Alzheimer's_disease
Poisoning of humans from pesticide exposure
organophosphate pesticides, it is important to obtain a baseline cholinesterase test. Cholinesterase is an important enzyme of the nervous system, and these chemical
Pesticide_poisoning
administered to humans intravenously, it is capable of inhibiting the plasma cholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase) enzyme. The dibucaine number is used to differentiate
Dibucaine_number
Substance that mimics stimulation of cholinergic receptors
receptors (thus mimicking acetylcholine), or indirectly by inhibiting cholinesterase, promoting acetylcholine release, or other mechanisms. Common uses of
Parasympathomimetic_drug
Chemical compound
reactivated by cholinesterase reactivators. EA-2192 Guanitoxin Chabrier, P. E.; Jacob, J. (May 1980). "In vivo and in vitro inhibition of cholinesterase by methyl-1
MSPI_(nerve_agent)
Chemical compound
Mytelase) is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the management of myasthenia gravis. It is classified as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Ambenonium
Ambenonium_chloride
Chemical compound
highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It occurs naturally in the Calabar bean and the fruit of
Physostigmine
Medication used for dementia
and usually improved even with continued use. Donepezil, like other cholinesterase inhibitors, can cause nightmares due to enhanced activation of the visual
Donepezil
Chemical compound
rapid metabolism of the drug by non-specific plasma cholinesterases. However, plasma cholinesterase activity is reduced in some people due to either genetic
Suxamethonium_chloride
Organic chemical and neurotransmitter
initial overstimulation followed by neuron loss. They emphasize that cholinesterase inhibitors may not help all cognitive symptoms and could disrupt natural
Acetylcholine
Science of drugs and medications and their effects
inhibitor Cholinergic Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic) Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic (Ganglionic
Pharmacology
Chemical compound
active catalytic site of the cholinesterase enzyme. The resultant phosphoester group is strongly bound to the cholinesterase, and irreversibly deactivates
Malathion
Chemical compound (nerve agent)
functioning of the mammalian nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. It is an inhibitor of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
Soman
Chemical compound
nicotinic receptors. Unlike acetylcholine, bethanechol is not hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and will therefore have a long duration of action. Bethanechol is sold
Bethanechol
Chemical compound
Chemico-Biological Interactions. Proceedings of the IX International Meeting on Cholinesterases. 175 (1–3): 355–364. Bibcode:2008CBI...175..355C. doi:10.1016/j.cbi
Chlorpyrifos
Chemical compound
organophosphates, dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. It acts both
Dimethoate
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
to motor function can be treated pharmaceutically. Examples include cholinesterase inhibitors for cognitive impairment and modafinil for excessive daytime
Parkinson's_disease
Chemical compound
Fenamiphos is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0283". National Institute for
Fenamiphos
Pharmaceutical drug
Echothiophate binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. Because of the very slow rate at which echothiophate is hydrolyzed by cholinesterase, its effects can last a week
Echothiophate
Medication
treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Benzgalantamine is a prodrug of galantamine. The most common
Benzgalantamine
Chemical compound
an organophosphate insecticide first reported in 1960. It acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor. The commercial product typically exists as a mixture of 70%
Phosphamidon
Chemical compound
with a pleasant fruity (apple-like) odor. It is a corrosive, and, as a cholinesterase inhibitor, it is highly toxic through dermal absorption. The molecule
Diethyl_phosphorochloridate
Chemical compound
modulator. Galantamine also works as a weak competitive and reversible cholinesterase inhibitor in all areas of the body. By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
Galantamine
Medical condition
TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants), Zolmitriptan, Vortioxetine, and Cholinesterase inhibitors can lead to improvements in cognitive dysfunction. Dopaminergic
Pseudodementia
Active metabolite of tacrine
Velnacrine, also known as 1-hydroxytacrine, is an inhibitor of cholinesterase enzymes. It is also a metabolite of tacrine. Velnacrine is able to inhibit
Velnacrine
Genus of venomous snakes
causes the paralysis—some patients have been successfully treated with cholinesterase inhibitors, such as physostigmine or neostigmine, but success is variable
Bungarus
Chemical compound
3-0419 Ro 3-0422 "ChemIDplus". DIGGLE, WM; GAGE, JC (September 1951). "Cholinesterase inhibition in vitro by OO-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate (parathion
Parathion_S
Chemical compound
soluble and stable in water. Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor and is lethal even at low doses. Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
Dimethylcarbamoyl_fluoride
Chemical compound
cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic). It was the first centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and was
Tacrine
Medical condition
medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors, in patients with myasthenia gravis Providing too high a dose of a cholinesterase inhibitor drug in order
Cholinergic_crisis
Chemical compound
since its first use in 1963. However, because of its toxic effect as a cholinesterase inhibitor it has been banned in several countries, including the United
Chlorfenvinphos
Attack on Russian politician
discharged from the hospital on 22 September 2020. The OPCW said that a cholinesterase inhibitor from the Novichok group was found in Navalny's blood, urine
Poisoning_of_Alexei_Navalny
Medication used to treat myasthenia gravis
carbamate inhibitor of cholinesterase that does not cross the blood–brain barrier. It carbamylates about 30% of peripheral cholinesterase enzyme, and the carbamylated
Pyridostigmine
Chemical compound
Fagerlind, Lars. (January 1967). "Selenophosphorus Compounds as Powerful Cholinesterase Inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (1): 115–116. doi:10
Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
Ethylphosphonoselenoic_dichloride
Chemical compound
exhibits antifungal and phytotoxic activity. It is reported to inhibit cholinesterase enzymes. It is also a mycoestrogen. A 2017 in vitro assay study reported
Alternariol
Chemical compound
similar symptoms and method of action to other nerve agents that act on cholinesterase, and treatment remains the same, but the window for effectively treating
VE_(nerve_agent)
Chemical compound
their plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase levels assessed. Persons exposed to other chemicals which affect cholinesterase levels, e.g. other organophosphates
Dioxathion
Substance used to control pests
are not sensitive enough to detect low-level concentrations. Rapid cholinesterase test kits exist to collect blood samples in the field. Conducting large
Pesticide
Chemical compound
an obsolete organophosphate insecticide. Schradan itself is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor and requires metabolic activation to become active. Dimefox
Schradan
Mental health condition affecting cognitive functions
aimed at improving cognition in those with neurocognitive disorders. Cholinesterase inhibitors, medications which increase the amount of the neurotransmitter
Neurocognitive_disorder
Species of fish
suggest a cholinesterase activity of the toxin itself, Haavaldsen & Fonnum (1963) interpreted their finding of a high concentration of cholinesterase in the
Greater_weever
Drugs that block the action of histamine
inhibitor Cholinergic Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic) Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic (Ganglionic
H1_antagonist
Formulary by the World Health Organization
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
Class of membrane transport proteins
as acetylcholine is terminated via rapid metabolism into choline by cholinesterase enzymes, and choline is subsequently transported back into the cell
Neurotransmitter_transporter
Chemical compound
Benthiocarb is a thiocarbamate cholinesterase inhibitor used as an herbicide. Benthiocarb is almost always used to control the weeds around rice crops
Benthiocarb
Drug that blocks histamine or histamine agonists
inhibitor Cholinergic Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic) Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic (Ganglionic
Antihistamine
Series of nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union
of cholinesterases, and that severe poisoning occurs when a major part of these enzymes are inactivated. The concentration of butyryl cholinesterase (HuBuChE)
Novichok
Medical condition
hypersensitivity Acquired anhidrosis and/or hypohidrosis Idiopathic Opioid use Cholinesterase inhibitors Stress Spicy food Heat As of 2023[update], subtypes of the
Cholinergic_urticaria
Dementia involving the frontal or temporal lobes
agents because the cholinergic systems are not affected in FTD.In fact, cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, used frequently in the treatment of Alzheimer's
Frontotemporal_dementia
Company based in Latvia
key areas of specialization in final dosage forms include neurology (cholinesterase inhibitors, anxiolytics, psychostimulants, nootropics), cardiology (antiarrhythmics
Olpha
Chemical compound
Exposure to TOCP has been characterized by a list of observations: Cholinesterase levels will remain unchanged or show no significant changes. Electromyography
Tricresyl_phosphate
Species of fish
sceleratus (Pufferfish, Fugu) Fished in Mediterranean Sea, Treated with Cholinesterase Inhibitor". Case Reports in Critical Care. 2012 782507. doi:10.1155/2012/782507
Lagocephalus_sceleratus
Chemical compound
acaricide. Like most other organophosphates, its mode of action is via cholinesterase inhibition. Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals
Fenthion
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
or neostigmine, drugs that block the breakdown of acetylcholine by cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors). This test is no longer typically
Myasthenia_gravis
State of indifference, or the suppression of emotions
prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum in Alzheimer's patients with apathy. Cholinesterase inhibitors, used as the first line of treatment for the cognitive symptoms
Apathy
Edible plant part consumed as food
nutrients. These include α-solanine, α-chaconine, enzyme inhibitors (of cholinesterase, protease, amylase, etc.), cyanide and cyanide precursors, oxalic acid
Vegetable
inhibitor Cholinergic Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic) Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic (Ganglionic
Enzyme_repressor
Category of drug
inhibitor Cholinergic Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic) Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic (Ganglionic
GABA_receptor_agonist
Chemical compound
of the Second World War, TEPP was discovered to be an inhibitor of cholinesterases. Schrader referred to the studies by Eberhard Gross, who was the first
Tetraethyl_pyrophosphate
Chemical compound
and translocated to all parts of the plant. The pesticide acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor and gives long lasting control. The use of the substance has
Disulfoton
Pharmaceutical drug
"Hexafluorenium-suxamethonium interaction in patients with normal versus atypical cholinesterase". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 47 (8): 885–8. doi:10.1093/bja/47
Hexafluronium_bromide
Class of organophosphates; classified as weapons of mass destruction
while oximes displaces phosphate molecules from the active site of the cholinesterase enzymes, allowing the breakdown of acetylcholine. Military personnel
Nerve_agent
German multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company
Parathion was discovered by scientists at IG Farben in the 1940s as a cholinesterase inhibitor insecticide. Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide that was
Bayer
Chemical compound
the acetylcholinesterase inhibited by MFPCh can't be reactivated by cholinesterase reactivators. MFPCh also acts directly on the acetylcholine receptors
Methylfluorophosphonylcholine
Medication
(April 2012). "Ladostigil: a novel multimodal neuroprotective drug with cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities for Alzheimer's
Selegiline
Medical condition
glycosides, and anything that increases cholinergic activity such as cholinesterase inhibitors. In normal individuals, the AV node slows the conduction
First-degree atrioventricular block
First-degree_atrioventricular_block
Aerosol used in killing flies
junction (NMJ) by the action of acetylcholinesterase. By inhibiting the cholinesterase the insect can no longer break down ACh in the NMJ and so its muscles
Fly_spray
Class of ectothermic tetrapods
organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and carbamates, react via cholinesterase inhibition. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that causes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine
Amphibian
Chemical compound and chemical warfare nerve agent
shown that minimally toxic doses cause 70–75% depression of erythrocyte cholinesterase within several hours of exposure. The serum level of ethyl methylphosphonic
VX_(nerve_agent)
Chemical compound
of cholinesterase inhibition, ending the experiment with 93% inhibition of their brain cholinesterase activity. Despite the lowered cholinesterase activity
Demeton
Chemical compound
since the inhibited enzyme ages so rapidly, it can't be reactivated by cholinesterase reactivators. Nerve agent Soman Worek, Franz; Wille, Timo; Koller, Marianne;
Crotylsarin
Chemical compound
catechol, and was introduced in 1959 by Bayer. Carbamate insecticides are cholinesterase inhibitors and kill insects by inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
Propoxur
Pharmaceutical drug
Quinones-Lopez MC, Rosenfeld CA, et al. (December 2005). "Mefloquine inhibits cholinesterases at the mouse neuromuscular junction". Neuropharmacology. 49 (8): 1132–1139
Mefloquine
Topics referred to by the same term
American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute Chemical engineering (ChE) Cholinesterase (ChE), a family of enzymes Che Sudaka, a band from Barcelona, Spain
Che
Class of chemical compounds
inhibitor Cholinergic Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic) Cholinesterase inhibitor Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic Nicotinic (Ganglionic
Glycinergic
Chemical compound
intestinal and red blood cell cholinesterase based on the concentration of the drug needed to inhibit these enzymes in the cholinesterase preparations from the
Dextrallorphan
District in Chaiyaphum, Thailand
Dusit; Siri, Sukhontha; Suwannapong, Nawarat (January 2010). "Serum Cholinesterase Levels of Thai Chilli‐Farm Workers Exposed to Chemical Pesticides: Prevalence
Chatturat_district
Type of organic compound or group
in nature. Naturally occurring aminals Physostigmine, a highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor found in the Calabar bean. Hodgkinsine, an alkaloid with antiviral
Aminal
Chemical compound
phosphorofluoridate (DFP) BERRY, WK (October 1951). "The turnover number of cholinesterase". Biochemical Journal. 49 (5): 615–20. doi:10.1042/bj0490615. PMC 1197565
Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
Dicyclohexyl_phosphorofluoridate
Species of flowering plant in the nightshade family
fruit also contains 0.3–0.45% solasonine, and acetylcholine, and has a cholinesterase-inhibiting effect on human plasma. In Transkei, rural people have a
Solanum_americanum
Toxin harmful to nervous tissue
neurons to return to their resting state, because it is not degraded by cholinesterase which normally performs this function. As a result, the muscle cells
Neurotoxin
Eating disorder
(including total cholesterol, HDL and LDL) and triglycerides. Serum cholinesterase test: a test of liver enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase)
Anorexia
Pakistani organic chemist (born 1959)
from medicinal plants. His notable publications include studies on cholinesterase inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and antibacterial compounds from
Muhammad_Iqbal_Choudhary
Carcinogen; Approved in CO and WA Fenoxycarb (insecticide): Carcinogen, cholinesterase inhibitor; not allowed in WA Thiophanate-methyl (fungicide): Carcinogen;
Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States
Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States
Chemical compound
It is used as a clinical laboratory tool to distinguish between the cholinesterases; acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase preferentially lyse
Butyrylcholine
2017 murder in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
low blood levels of cholinesterase, the enzyme inhibited by anticholinesterase agents such as VX. She also stated that cholinesterase levels were within
Assassination_of_Kim_Jong-nam
Chemical compound used as antidote for nerve agent poisoning
"Current understanding of the application of pyridinium oximes as cholinesterase reactivators in treatment of organophosphate poisoning". European Journal
Pralidoxime
Chemical compound
similar symptoms and method of action to other nerve agents that act on cholinesterase, and treatment remains the same. However, the window for effectively
VR_(nerve_agent)
Treatment of Parkinson's disease
of these problems. Examples are the use of clozapine for psychosis, cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia, modafinil for day somnolence, and atomoxetine
Management of Parkinson's disease
Management_of_Parkinson's_disease
Chemical compound
Jüttner, F. (2005). "Nostocarboline: Isolation and synthesis of a new cholinesterase inhibitor from Nostoc 78-12A". Journal of Natural Products. 68 (12):
Nostocarboline
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