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Sensory receptor that detects chemicals
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate
Chemoreceptor
Sensory receptors that detect changes in chemical concentrations
Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood
Peripheral_chemoreceptor
Respiratory sensory receptors
Central chemoreceptors are chemoreceptors beneath the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata which are highly sensitive to pH changes of nearby cerebrospinal
Central_chemoreceptor
Area of the brain
The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with
Chemoreceptor_trigger_zone
Protein family
Nematode chemoreceptors are chemoreceptors of nematodes. Animals recognise a wide variety of chemicals using their senses of taste and smell. The nematode
Nematode_chemoreceptor
Chemoreceptive and support cells
carotid bodies and aortic bodies. Glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors which sense the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood. When
Glomus_cell
Breathing control
dioxide in the bloodstream, controls the respiratory rate. The peripheral chemoreceptors that detect changes in the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are located
Control_of_ventilation
Expulsion of stomach contents via the mouth or nose
Receptors on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain represent a chemoreceptor trigger zone, known as the area postrema, stimulation of which can lead
Vomiting
Physiological responses to immersion of air-breathing vertebrates
and is sustained via neural processing originating in the carotid chemoreceptors. The most noticeable effects are on the cardiovascular system, which
Diving_reflex
Cell cluster within carotid arteries which monitors blood content
The carotid body is a small cluster of peripheral chemoreceptor cells and supporting sustentacular cells situated at the bifurcation of each common carotid
Carotid_body
electrical stimulation of another area of the cerebral cortex. The chemoreceptor trigger zone is within the area postrema of the medulla oblongata in
Trigger_zone
Phylum of microscopic animals
sensory cirri and pairs of hollow antenna-like clavae which may be chemoreceptors. The tardigrade Dactylobiotus dispar can be trained by classical conditioning
Tardigrade
Sensory organ of arthropods
receptors, gather information about environment the arthropod is in: Chemoreceptors (i.e. trichoid, basionic, coeloconic, placodea) Mechanoreceptors (e
Sensillum
Part of the nervous system
electrical action potential. The two primary types of chemoreceptors are: Distance chemoreceptors are integral to receiving stimuli in gases in the olfactory
Sensory_nervous_system
Physiological capacity
of sensory receptor cells (such as mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors) in sensory organs transduct sensory information from
Sense
Brain region controlling respiration
to physiological changes. The respiratory center receives input from chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, the cerebral cortex, and the hypothalamus in order
Respiratory_center
Change in breathing to restore blood pH
metabolic acidosis, chemoreceptors sense a changed acid-base balance with a plasma pH of lesser than normal (<7.4). The chemoreceptors send afferent fibers
Respiratory_compensation
Group of insects in the order Lepidoptera
known as sensillae. A butterfly's sense of taste is coordinated by chemoreceptors on the tarsi, or feet, which work only on contact, and are used to determine
Butterfly
Family of spider-like animals
are characterized with the function of mechanoreceptor, and contact chemoreceptors, which allows them to respond to stimuli such as touch and sound. As
Solpugidae
Superorder of cephalopod molluscs
the alkaloid nature of the discharge which may interfere with their chemoreceptors. Cephalopods have the most highly developed nervous systems among invertebrates
Squid
Chemical compound
excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affect the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. The drug has been shown to reduce the magnitude of the
Meclizine
Organ found in humans and other animals
including baroreceptors, sensing the stretching of blood vessels and chemoreceptors, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and its
Heart
Sense that detects smells
Smell Painting of a woman smelling a carnation. Olfaction uses chemoreceptors that create signals processed in the brain that form the sense of smell.
Sense_of_smell
Plant-derived drug used for airway decongestion and to induce vomiting
irritating the gastric mucosa and centrally by stimulating the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce vomiting.[citation needed] Ipecac has been found
Syrup_of_ipecac
Common name that is applied to various kinds of sea snail
holes through shells to gain access to the soft tissues. Whelks use chemoreceptors to locate their prey. Many have historically been used, or are still
Whelk
Portion of the medulla oblongata
solitary nucleus: central chemoreceptors aortic body chemoreceptors, which send impulses via the vagus nerves carotid body chemoreceptors, which send impulses
Vasomotor_center
Class of drug
central antidopaminergic effects, but blocks opioid emetic action in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. This drug is not available in the U.S. Some antihistamines
Opioid
Aggregates of chemoreceptor cells
Chemosensory clusters are aggregates formed by a small number of chemoreceptor cells with characteristics similar to those found in the taste cells of
Chemosensory_clusters
Protein molecule receiving signals for a cell
classified by the property of the ligands. Such classifications include chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, gravitropic receptors, photoreceptors, magnetoreceptors
Receptor_(biochemistry)
Chemical compound
in 1911, and which has been used in hypnotic overdose. As with other chemoreceptor agonists, it is a potent emetic at doses above those normally used in
Bemegride
Species of spider
pheromone of ants to locate them. It raises its forelegs, which contain the chemoreceptors to detect the pheromone. However, they themselves also mimic the pheromone
Habronestes_bradleyi
Species of amphibian
The olm (German: [ɔlm] ) or proteus (Proteus anguinus) is an aquatic salamander which is the only species in the genus Proteus of the family Proteidae
Olm
Speed of the heartbeat, measured in beats per minute
Among these receptors are various proprioreceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, plus stimuli from the limbic system which normally enable the precise
Heart_rate
Order of arachnids
to as the racket organs (sing. malleolus). These paired organs are chemoreceptors, being the analogues of pectines in scorpions, and modified walking
Solifugae
Species of fish
smell for hunting prey (owing to its sensitive Weberian apparatus and chemoreceptors), although like many other catfish, the species exhibits a tapetum lucidum
Wels_catfish
Species of beetle
chemoreception mechanisms mediated by odorant-binding proteins and chemoreceptors, provides insights into their behavior and potential management strategies
Hylamorpha
Species of butterfly
drum their forelegs toward a leaf to identify it. Their forelegs have chemoreceptors located in the foretarsi that assess the chemical makeup of the leaf
Papilio_troilus
Anticholinergic medication
anticholinergic drugs. Hyoscine butylbromide is still capable of affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, due to the lack of a well-developed blood-brain barrier
Hyoscine_butylbromide
Flatworms of the Turbellaria class
triclads have an anterior end or head where sense organs, such as eyes and chemoreceptors, are usually found. Some species have auricles that protrude from the
Planarian
Class of molluscs
posterior mantle margins. The organs are usually mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors, in some cases located on short tentacles. The osphradium is a patch
Bivalvia
Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) (also called solitary chemoreceptor cells) are isolated elements located in epithelia of the apparatuses of endodermic
Solitary_chemosensory_cells
Medication for motion sickness or vertigo
understood. It may have effects directly on the vestibular system and on the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Cyclizine exerts a central anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)
Cyclizine
Medical condition of lack of oxygen in the tissues
is detected by the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid body and aortic body, with the carotid body chemoreceptors being the major mediators of reflex
Hypoxia_(medicine)
Cell cluster in the aorta which monitors blood content
The aortic bodies are one of several small clusters of peripheral chemoreceptors located along the aortic arch. They are important in measuring partial
Aortic_body
Soft-bodied eight-limbed order of molluscs
excellent somatosensory system. Their suction cups are equipped with chemoreceptors so they can taste what they touch. Octopus arms move easily because
Octopus
Order of fish
their basal element (the maxilla) is lost. Many larger catfish have chemoreceptors across their entire bodies (especially the barbels), which means they
Catfish
Central organ of the human nervous system
pH levels are also sensed on the walls of arteries in the peripheral chemoreceptors of the aortic and carotid bodies. This information is passed via the
Human_brain
Chemical detection of irritants and toxins
carbonation. Finger TE, Böttger B, Hansen A, et al. (2003). "Solitary chemoreceptor cells in the nasal cavity serve as sentinels of respiration". Proc Natl
Chemesthesis
Compound that induces a loss of consciousness
tube, to ensure patient safety. General anesthetics also affect the chemoreceptor trigger zone and brainstem vomiting center, eliciting nausea and vomiting
General_anaesthetic
Study of heart functions
Among these receptors are various proprioreceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, plus stimuli from the limbic system which normally enable the precise
Cardiac_physiology
Medication to prevent nausea and vomiting
present both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema in the medulla. Serotonin is released
Ondansetron
Group of non-neuronal cells
former with primary endocrine functions and the latter with primary chemoreceptor functions. Chromaffin paraganglia (also called chromaffin bodies) are
Paraganglion
Investigational sleep apnea drugs
BAY-2925976 (KRP-S124) – α2C-adrenergic receptor antagonist [21] Gal-475 – chemoreceptor cell modulator [22] MOS-118 (AVE-0118) – potassium channel blocker [23]
List of investigational sleep apnea drugs
List_of_investigational_sleep_apnea_drugs
Division or infraclass of fishes
colour vision at least as good as a normal human's. Many fish also have chemoreceptors responsible for acute senses of taste and smell. Most fish have sensitive
Teleost
Topics referred to by the same term
CTZ may refer to: Chemoreceptor trigger zone in neuroscience CTZ is the ICAO airline designator for CATA Línea Aérea, Argentina CTZ is the IATA airport
CTZ
Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Hypoglossal nucleus Chemoreceptor trigger zone Pontine nuclei Pontine cranial nerve nuclei Chief or pontine
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Sensation and perception of temperature
Photoreceptor cell Cone cell Rod cell ipRGC Photopigment Aureochrome Chemoreceptor Taste receptor Olfactory receptor Osmoreceptor Thermoreceptor Cilium
Thermoception
Insect repellent
odorant receptors at a distance, and by being repellant to mosquito chemoreceptors upon contact because of the bitterness of DEET. The exact mechanisms
DEET
Released by an organism to attract an individual of the opposite sex
social insects as they are usually detected by direct contact with chemoreceptors on the antennae or feet of insects. Insect sex pheromones have found
Sex_pheromone
Process of moving air in and out of the lungs
brainstem that receive input from central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are particularly sensitive to the pH of the
Breathing
Type of glandular cell found in brain
the lung, and bronchial carcinoid tumor. PNECs may play a role with chemoreceptors in hypoxia detection. This is best supported by the presence of an oxygen-sensitive
Neuroendocrine_cell
Detectable change in the internal or external surroundings
light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors. When detected by a sensory receptor, a stimulus
Stimulus_(physiology)
Food additive used to change its aroma or taste
changes the perceptual impression of food as determined primarily by the chemoreceptors of the gustatory and olfactory systems. Along with additives, other
Flavoring
baroreceptor cells in the carotid sinus innervation of glomus type I chemoreceptor cells in the carotid body The central processes of the neurons which
Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve
Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve
Species of whale
other belugas. Areas in the mouth have been found that could act as chemoreceptors for different tastes, and they can detect the presence of blood in water
Beluga_whale
sensor, Moon sensor, Satellite Sensor, Sun sensor Catadioptric sensor Chemoreceptor Compressive sensing Cryogenic particle detectors Dew warning Diffusion
List_of_sensors
Cranial nerve IX, for the tongue and pharynx
component of CN IX innervates the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and chemoreceptors of the carotid body. Peripheral and intracranial course. Sensory fibers
Glossopharyngeal_nerve
Clade of the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants
air and water causes smells (certain chemical compounds detectable by chemoreceptors) to behave differently. An animal first venturing out onto land would
Tetrapod
Species of cockroach
most notably one group of chemoreceptors, called the ionotropic receptors, is particularly numerous. These chemoreceptors possibly allow the German cockroach
German_cockroach
Order of insects
swiftly to the approach of an object. Like other insects, flies have chemoreceptors that detect smell and taste, and mechanoreceptors that respond to touch
Fly
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
P2Y12 is a chemoreceptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that belongs to the Gi class of a group of G protein-coupled (GPCR) purinergic receptors. This
P2Y12
Abnormally high tissue carbon dioxide levels
pressure (higher levels of carbon dioxide stimulate aortic and carotid chemoreceptors with afferents -CN IX and X- to medulla oblongata with following chrono-
Hypercapnia
Antiemetic medication
Trimethobenzamide is an antagonist of the D2 receptor. It is believed to affect the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the medulla oblongata to suppress nausea and vomiting
Trimethobenzamide
Peripheral D2 receptor antagonist
medication provides relief from nausea by blocking D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and from gastrointestinal symptoms by blocking D2 receptors
Domperidone
Species of butterfly
rougher softer textures like blotting paper or felt. P. rapae use their chemoreceptors on their tarsi to search for chemical cues from the host plant. An adult
Pieris_rapae
Species of sawfly
genes for carbon dioxide receptors. It also has some expansions of chemoreceptor genes, which may be adaptations to new grasses such as wheat. "Animal
Cephus_cinctus
American physiologist
Erica A.; Johnson, Blair D. (August 2018). "Role of the carotid body chemoreceptors in glucose homeostasis and thermoregulation in humans". The Journal
Michael_Joyner
Medication used for stimulating respiration
is included as a preservative.[citation needed] Doxapram stimulates chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies of the carotid arteries, which in turn, stimulates
Doxapram
Chemoreceptors expressed in cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible
Olfactory_receptor
Superfamily of oxygen-transporting globular proteins
domain that resembles the cytoplasmic signalling domain of bacterial chemoreceptors. They bind oxygen, and act to initiate an aerotactic response or regulate
Globin
Species of ray-finned fish
in the range 18.4–29.6 °C (65.1–85.3 °F). Bowfin do not use central chemoreceptor regulation for respiration control. Experiments manipulating the oxygen
Bowfin
Largest artery in the human body
outer layers of the aorta. The aortic arch contains baroreceptors and chemoreceptors that relay information concerning blood pressure and blood pH and carbon
Aorta
Subfamily of fishes
system in grenadiers is well-developed; it is further aided by numerous chemoreceptors located on the head and lips and chemosensory barbels underneath the
Grenadiers_(fish)
One of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel
neurophysiologist Fernando de Castro (1896–1967) was the first to describe arterial chemoreceptors and circumscribe them to the carotid body for the respiratory reflexes
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine
Species of spider
which are often released onto the silk drag-lines, can be detected by chemoreceptors on both the legs and palps. These pheromones, which are released by
Maratus_volans
Species of insect
saliva to soften solid foods or collect loose particles. Houseflies have chemoreceptors, organs of taste, on the tarsi of their legs, so they can identify foods
Housefly
Fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion
the Hering-Breuer reflex, and functional connectivity of afferent O2 chemoreceptor activity with respiratory motoneurons and arousal centers. Amniotic
Amniotic_fluid
Branch of the vagus nerve
autonomic afferent nerve fibers to the peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors found in the aortic arch and in the brachiocephalic artery. The aortic
Aortic_nerve
Class of annelid worms
and a pair of pits lined with cilia known as nuchal organs, which are chemoreceptors that help the worm to seek out food. The outer surface of the body wall
Polychaete
Unpaired facial bone of the skull
the nose. The vomeronasal organ, also called Jacobson's organ, is a chemoreceptor organ named for its closeness to the vomer and nasal bones, and is particularly
Vomer
Medication
metoclopramide is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain — this action prevents nausea and vomiting
Metoclopramide
American chemist
Laura (2002). "Inter-receptor communication through arrays of bacterial chemoreceptors". Nature. 415 (6867): 81–84. Bibcode:2002Natur.415...81G. doi:10.1038/415081a
Laura_L._Kiessling
Area of the brain below the thalamus
vasopressin secretion in response to cardiovascular stimuli arising from chemoreceptors in the carotid body and aortic arch, and from low-pressure atrial volume
Hypothalamus
Order of marine chelicerates
front of the ocelli is an additional organ that probably functions as a chemoreceptor. The first four pairs of legs end in pincers, and have a series of spines
Xiphosura
State of reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
carbon dioxide. Chemoreceptors in the body sense a change in partial pressures and pH (hydrogen ion concentration) in the blood. Chemoreceptors are responsible
Hypocapnia
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) Outer hair cells
List_of_human_cell_types
Terrestrial invertebrate, order Opisthopora
to motor neurons and sensory cells in each segment. Large numbers of chemoreceptors concentrate near its mouth. Circumferential and longitudinal muscles
Earthworm
Species of moth
and home in on these pheromones from several kilometers away using chemoreceptors located on their feathery antennae. Adult male Attacus atlas moths produce
Attacus_atlas
Anatomy of groups of marine gastropods
Leonid L Moroz, Gregg T Nagle & Bernard M Degnan. 2009. Candidate chemoreceptor subfamilies differentially expressed in the chemosensory organs of the
Rhinophore
Respiratory compensation formula
During metabolic acidosis, a decrease in pH stimulates chemoreceptors. Peripheral chemoreceptors are found in the aortic and carotid bodies and respond
Winters's_formula
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR
CHEMORECEPTOR