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Diversification of animal burrowing
sulphidic substrate Animals moving on / in surface of sea-floor Loose, oxygenated upper substrate with burrowing animals The "Cambrian substrate revolution" or
Cambrian_substrate_revolution
Multi-layered sheet of microorganisms
Microbial mats were abundant on the shallow seabed until the Cambrian substrate revolution, when animals living in shallow seas increased their burrowing
Microbial_mat
Topics referred to by the same term
(disambiguation) Green Revolution (disambiguation) Cambrian substrate revolution All pages with titles beginning with Agricultural revolution All pages with titles
Agricultural_revolution
Period of major evolutionary diversification of animal life
paleoecology of the earliest echinoderms: Helicoplacoids and the Cambrian substrate revolution". Geology. 28 (9): 839–842. Bibcode:2000Geo....28..839D. doi:10
Cambrian_explosion
Life of the Ediacaran period
mats in a "Cambrian substrate revolution", leading to displacement or detachment of the biota; or that the destruction of the microbial substrate destabilized
Ediacaran_biota
Trace fossil
the early development of the Cambrian substrate revolution and increasing behavioural complexity preceding the Cambrian explosion. Buatois, Luis A.; Almond
Parapsammichnites
Extinct genus of echinoderms
Bradley; Javier Álvaro, J.; Rahman, Imran A. (2017). "The Cambrian Substrate Revolution and the early evolution of attachment in suspension-feeding
Lepidocystis
Extinct class of marine invertebrates
were destroyed in the Cambrian substrate revolution. The oldest undisputed fossils of Edrioasteroidea are known from Cambrian (Stage 3, about 515-520
Edrioasteroidea
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively animal tissue
mouthparts. The degradation of seafloor microbial mats due to the Cambrian substrate revolution led to increased active predation among animals, likely triggering
Carnivore
Fossil of possible very early bilateral animal
microscopic size, making the sudden appearance of many animal phyla in the Cambrian explosion an illusion and merely represented a (geologically) sudden increase
Vernanimalcula
Fossil strata in Canada
PMID 19693066. S2CID 27237547. Matthew, G.F. (1899). "Studies on Cambrian Faunas, No. 3.—Upper Cambrian Fauna, Mount Stephen, British Columbia.—The Trilobites and
Mount_Stephen_trilobite_beds
Fossilized fauna of Burgess shale
assemblages based on taxonomic criteria only. The fauna of the middle Cambrian has a cosmopolitan range. All assemblages preserving soft-part anatomy
Burgess_Shale-type_fauna
Fossil-bearing member
Whilst some shelly fossils are present (and seem to be typical of any Cambrian shelly fossil assemblage), the majority of fossils – probably 98% of what
Phyllopod_bed
Surface layers of seabed-hardening bacterial fauna
the matgrounds disappearance. Cambrian substrate revolution Ediacaran matground ecology persisted into the earliest Cambrian, by Luis A. Buatois, Guy M.
Matground
Primitive Mollusc-like organism
classification of Kimberella is important for the scientific understanding of the Cambrian explosion; if it was a mollusc, or at least a protostome, this would mean
Kimberella
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
The Cambrian ( /ˈkæmbri.ən, ˈkeɪm-/ KAM-bree-ən, KAYM-) is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era and the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted
Cambrian
Fossil-bearing rock formation in the Canadian Rockies
preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At c.505 million years old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.
Burgess_Shale
Possible simple urbilateran candidate
This means it must have been well below a centimetre in length. As all Cambrian animals are marine, one can reasonably assume that the urbilaterian was
Urbilaterian
Extinct genus of marine invertebrates
Bradley; Álvaro, J. Javier; Rahman, Imran A. (2017). "The Cambrian Substrate Revolution and the early evolution of attachment in suspension-feeding
Camptostroma
Fossils from the Ediacaran and Cambrian periods
record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the end of the Early Cambrian period. They are very diverse, and there is no formal definition of "small
Small_shelly_fauna
Biological interaction
stem-group cnidarian, catching prey with its nematocysts. The Cambrian substrate revolution saw life on the sea floor change from minimal burrowing (left)
Predation
Family of extinct molluscs
The halkieriids are a group of fossil organisms from the Lower to Middle Cambrian. Their eponymous genus is Halkieria /hælˈkɪəriə/. The group is sometimes
Halkieriid
Extinct genus of marine animals
tamisium, sieve, and Greek karis, crab, shrimp) is a radiodont genus from the Cambrian period. The taxon was initially described in 2010 based on frontal appendages
Tamisiocaris
Marine phylum of animals often with radial symmetries
paleoecology of the earliest echinoderms: Helicoplacoids and the Cambrian substrate revolution". Geology. 28 (9). Geological Society of America: 839. Bibcode:2000Geo
Echinoderm
Mid-Cambrian fossils from a deposit in British Columbia, Canada
paleoecology of the earliest echinoderms: Helicoplacoids and the Cambrian substrate revolution". Geology. 28 (9): 839–842. Bibcode:2000Geo....28..839D. doi:10
Fossils_of_the_Burgess_Shale
Extinct genus of marine invertebrates
Bradley; Javier Álvaro, J.; Rahman, Imran A. (2017). "The Cambrian Substrate Revolution and the early evolution of attachment in suspension-feeding
Lichenoides
Preserved remains or traces of organisms from a past geological age
stromatolite builders fell victims to grazing creatures (the Cambrian substrate revolution), implying that sufficiently complex organisms were common over
Fossil
Geologic formation in Utah notable for trilobite fossils
The Wheeler Shale (named by Charles Walcott) is a Cambrian (c. 507 Ma) fossil locality world-famous for prolific agnostid and Elrathia kingii trilobite
Wheeler_Shale
Island in Conception Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
Bell Island a globally unique location for the study of the Cambrian substrate revolution, one of the most important events in the history of life. The
Bell Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Bell_Island_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)
Series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation in China
traditional Chinese: 帽天山頁岩; pinyin: Màotiānshān yèyán) are a series of Early Cambrian sedimentary deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation or Heilinpu Formation
Maotianshan_Shales
Extinct gilled lobopod
Kerygmachela kierkegaardi is a kerygmachelid gilled lobopodian from the Cambrian Stage 3 aged Sirius Passet Lagerstätte in northern Greenland. Its anatomy
Kerygmachela
Fan-shaped Ichnofossils associated with Kimberella
already globally distributed and were able to make traces of grazing. The Cambrian explosion, which began approximately 543 million years ago and concluded
Kimberichnus
Quarry in British Columbia, Canada
X EL The Walcott Quarry is the most famous quarry of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, bearing the
Walcott_Quarry
Trace fossil
common trace fossils in hard substrates such as rocks, carbonate hardgrounds and shells. It appears first in the Lower Cambrian, was very prominent in the
Trypanites
Extinct genus of Cambrian organisms
Ceratophyton is a genus of Cambrian acritarch, around 100–200 μm in length, produced by a eukaryotic (metazoan?) organism. Ceratophyton has been interpreted
Ceratophyton
Geological unit located in eastern California and Nevada
and Nevada. The formation dates to the Stage 3 of the yet-to-be-ratified Cambrian Series 2; the lower portion base of the formation and the youngest Lagerstätte
Poleta_Formation
Layered sedimentary structure
stromatolite builders fell victim to grazing creatures (the Cambrian substrate revolution); this theory implies that sufficiently complex organisms were
Stromatolite
Extinct genus of large Lobopodian
Hadranax is a genus of large lobopodian known from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte. This genus is characterized from other lobopodians due
Hadranax
Shale known for exceptional preservation of mid-Cambrian organisms
Cambrian compared to later time periods, which represents a global megabias. The mode of preservation is more abundant before the Cambrian substrate revolution
Burgess Shale-type preservation
Burgess_Shale-type_preservation
M. (eds.). "Early skeletal fossils" (PDF). Neoproterozoic- Cambrian Biological Revolutions. Paleontological Society Papers. 10: 67–78. Retrieved 2008-07-18
List of small shelly fossil taxa
List_of_small_shelly_fossil_taxa
Ovoid Cambrian animal with a bulbous tail
Ooedigera peeli is an extinct vetulicolian from the Early Cambrian of North Greenland. The front body was flattened horizontally, oval-shaped, likely bearing
Ooedigera
Glacier in British Columbia, Canada
"Palaeontology and depositional environments of ancient brine seeps in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale at The Monarch, British Columbia, Canada". Palaeogeography
Stanley_Glacier
Fossil formation in south-central China
recording conditions up to a good forty to fifty million years before the Cambrian explosion at the beginning of the Phanerozoic. The whole sequence sits
Doushantuo_Formation
Geologic formation in Canada
Sedimentary Basin. It is a thick sequence of carbonate rocks of Middle Cambrian age. It was named for Cathedral Mountain in Yoho National Park by Charles
Cathedral_Formation
Species of trilobite (fossil)
(about 5 centimetres or 2.0 inches) trilobite, which lived during the Lower Cambrian period, in what is now North-West Greenland. It is a prominent member of
Buenellus
Geologic formation in Canada
thin-bedded limestone, and siltstone that was deposited during Middle Cambrian time (513 to 497 million years ago). It is famous for the exceptional preservation
Stephen_Formation
invade bioturbated and more consolidated sediments during the Cambrian substrate revolution. A study on the compound eyes of trilobites belonging to the
2021 in arthropod paleontology
2021_in_arthropod_paleontology
Small Cambrian arthropod
arthropod, that lived during the early Cambrian period. Fossil remains of Buenaspis were collected from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North
Buenaspis
Extinct genus of marine invertebrates
Bradley; Javier Álvaro, J.; Rahman, Imran A. (2017). "The Cambrian Substrate Revolution and the early evolution of attachment in suspension-feeding
Cigara
Geologic formation in China
stratigraphic formation which was deposited during the Lower and Middle Cambrian (~513 to 506 million years ago). The formation is approximately 200 metres
Kaili_Formation
field trips brought back 65,000 specimens, which he identified as Middle Cambrian in age. Due to the quantity of fossils and the pressures of his other duties
History_of_the_Burgess_Shale
Proposed clade of extinct Lophotrochozoa
and were extinct before the Cambrian was over. A possible reason for this is that during the Cambrian substrate revolution, the microbial mat's disappearance
Halwaxiida
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
This is known as the Ordovician Bioerosion Revolution. It is marked by a sudden abundance of hard substrate trace fossils such as Trypanites, Palaeosabella
Ordovician
Geological record of biological activity
commonly associated with the Cambrian Information Revolution may have originated during the terminal Ediacaran. As the Cambrian got underway, new forms of
Trace_fossil
Peel, J. S. (2026). "Vesicular microfossils on middle Cambrian shells: insights into early substrate colonization in North Greenland (Laurentia)". Palaeontology
2026_in_paleontology
Records of Earth's development
complex multicellular life arose, developed over time, and culminated in the Cambrian Explosion about 538.8 million years ago. This sudden diversification of
History_of_Earth
Extinct order of cnidarians
cone, and a holdfast from the pointed end attached the organisms to hard substrate. The prevailing reconstruction of the organism has it look superficially
Conulariida
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
or Great Oxygenation Event, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Revolution, Oxygen Crisis, or Oxygen Holocaust, was a time interval during the Earth's
Great_Oxidation_Event
Earth's most severe extinction event
reason may have been responsible for both that and a late Proterozoic/Cambrian pattern of fluctuating 13C ⁄ 12C ratios. However, the clathrate hypothesis
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
the evolution of life on Earth. There was also a renewed interest in the Cambrian explosion that saw the development of the body plans of most animal phyla
History_of_paleontology
Class of echinoderms
lives, most crinoids have a short stem used to attach themselves to the substrate, but many live attached only as juveniles and become free-swimming as
Crinoid
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
(15 September 2016). "The onset of the 'Ordovician Plankton Revolution' in the late Cambrian". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 458: 12–28
Protist
"Chert Lagerstätten as a new window to the biological revolution across the Ediacaran−Cambrian boundary". Geology. 53 (5): 467–472. Bibcode:2025Geo..
2025_in_paleontology
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
Paleo-Tethys. Although the western Paleo-Tethys Ocean had existed since the Cambrian, the eastern part only began to rift apart as late as the Silurian. This
Devonian
necopinus, including a new type of fossil embryo, are described from the Cambrian (Fortunian) Kuanchuanpu Formation (China) by Shao et al. (2018), who interpret
2018_in_paleontology
Erosion of hard ocean substrates by living organisms
Bioerosion describes the breakdown of hard ocean substrates – and less often terrestrial substrates – by living organisms. Marine bioerosion can be caused
Bioerosion
Organisms that live in salt water
the early Phanerozoic by a more prominent radiation event known as the Cambrian Explosion, where actively moving eumetazoan became prevalent. These marine
Marine_life
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
most marine and non-marine environments in the photic zone. After the Cambrian explosion of marine animals, grazing on the stromatolite mats by herbivores
Cyanobacteria
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
million years between the beginning of the Cambrian period and the end of the Ordovician period. The early Cambrian period was the period from which numerous
Evidence_of_common_descent
Physical quantity of hot and cold in ocean water
provide evidence that the ancient world was much warmer than today. The Cambrian Explosion approximately 538.8 million years ago was a key event in the
Ocean_temperature
Gas layer surrounding Earth
which, the Cambrian, more actively moving metazoan life began to appear and rapidly diversify in another radiation event called the Cambrian explosion
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Capital and largest city of Estonia
the Quaternary. The substrate into which the buried valleys were carved is made up of hard sedimentary rock of Ediacaran, Cambrian and Ordovician age.
Tallinn
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
they expanded from their ancestral silty sea floor habitat into hard substrate habitats like reefs, with crevices in reefs providing refuge from predators
Jurassic
1992 American TV series or program
plants, animals, and the progression of life forms over time through the "Cambrian explosion" and the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, as well as the
Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology
Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
earliest appearance of the nervous system, over 500 million years ago in the Cambrian Period. Dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter in vertebrates, echinoderms
Dopamine
Cong, P. (2024). "Adaptations to changing substrates in diploblastic dinomischids from the early Cambrian". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2024_in_paleontology
River in the United Kingdom
107 m3/s (3,800 cu ft/s) at Apperley, Gloucestershire. It rises in the Cambrian Mountains in mid Wales, at an altitude of 610 m (2,000 ft), on the Plynlimon
River_Severn
Chemical element with atomic number 29 (Cu)
tyrosinases. Instead of reversibly binding oxygen, these proteins hydroxylate substrates, illustrated by their role in the formation of lacquers. Several copper
Copper
the anatomy of a proboscis in palaeoscolecids, are described from the Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte (Kunming, China) by Yang et al. (2020). A study on
2020_in_paleontology
Study of past life through fossils
little knowledge of life before the Cambrian for a significant amount of time. Fossils from prior to the Cambrian were limited to 2.1 billion year old
Paleontology
Mark McMenamin (born 1958), American paleontologist who has studied the Cambrian explosion and the Ediacaran biota Bruce McEwen (1938–2020), American neuroendocrinologist
List_of_biologists
Process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
radiation event that created the mammal diversity that exists today. Also the Cambrian Explosion, where vacant niches left by the extinction of Ediacaran biota
Adaptive_radiation
Marine bacteria and marine archaea
complex life, in the form of crown eukaryotes, did not appear until the Cambrian explosion a mere 500 million years ago. The Earth is about 4.54 billion
Marine_prokaryotes
comparisons with faunas from other paleocontinents, is described from the Cambrian Stage 4 strata in North Greenland by Oh, Peel & Park (2025). Polechová
2025_in_paleomalacology
Retrieved 2021-06-10. Waloszek D, Chen J, Maas A, Wang X (2005). "Early Cambrian arthropods—new insights into arthropod head and structural evolution".
List of organisms named after famous people (born before 1800)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_before_1800)
(2010). "Systematics of Dokimocephalus and related trilobites from the Late Cambrian (Steptoean; Millardan and Furongian Series) of Laurentian North America"
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–1974)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_1950–1974)
transformations and transport of chemical substrates and products of biological activity in the environment." "Since the Cambrian explosion, mineralized body parts
Marine_biogeochemical_cycles
Municipality in South, Brazil
the Crystalline Basement presenting metamorphic and igneous rocks. Pre-Cambrian igneous rocks of the Cunhaporanga granitic complex are the exception because
Ponta_Grossa
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION
CAMBRIAN SUBSTRATE-REVOLUTION