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Cause and effect relationship in medicine
In epidemiology and biomedicine, biological plausibility is the proposal of a causal association—a relationship between a putative cause and an outcome—that
Biological_plausibility
Indian government ministry for alternative medicine systems
has faced significant criticism for funding systems that lack biological plausibility and are either untested or conclusively proven as ineffective.
Ministry_of_Ayush
American COVID contrarian and former cardiologist (born 1962)
hydroxychloroquine should be used for early outpatient treatment based on its biological plausibility, and the broader philosophical point that in the absence of trials
Peter_A._McCullough
Structure in nervous systems
population of neurons typically containing multiple neural circuits. Biological neural networks are studied to understand the organization and functioning
Neural_network_(biology)
Biologically plausible form of Hebbian learning with power equivalent to backpropagation
Contrastive Hebbian learning is a biologically plausible form of Hebbian learning. It is based on the contrastive divergence algorithm, which has been
Contrastive_Hebbian_learning
Sociological concept
outcomes. In recent years, social scientists investigated the biological plausibility of the weathering hypothesis in studies evaluating the physiological
Weathering_hypothesis
Austrian naturopath and alternative cancer treatment advocate
not supported by scientific evidence and its assumptions lack biological plausibility. He also noted that, as the diet carries the risk of malnutrition
Rudolf_Breuss
Unscientific healthcare practices
achieve the healing effects of medicine, but that by definition lack biological plausibility, testability, repeatability, or supporting evidence of effectiveness
Alternative_medicine
Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices
has faced significant criticism for funding systems that lack biological plausibility and are either untested or conclusively proven as ineffective.
Quackery
Theory in cognitive science
of the variations of every single pattern. As a result of the biological plausibility criticism of the template matching model, feature detection models
Pandemonium_architecture
therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any biologically plausible pharmacological agent or mechanism. Abstract concepts within theoretical
Evidence and efficacy of homeopathy
Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy
Mathematical model of memory
information—which may make it possible to build an SDM variant from biologically plausible components. This work has been incorporated into SpiNNaker (Spiking
Sparse_distributed_memory
Branch of neuroscience
of biologically plausible neurons (and neural systems) and their physiology and dynamics. It is therefore not directly concerned with biologically unrealistic
Computational_neuroscience
Type of artificial neural network
no claim on being inspired by biological systems. However, later research has related ResNet to biologically-plausible algorithms. A study published in
Residual_neural_network
Medical condition
contrast to basilar artery migraine, is neither clinically nor biologically plausible as a migraine variant." Epidemiological studies indicate a strong
Migraine-associated_vertigo
Kerala state government department for alternative medicine systems
has faced significant criticism for funding systems that lack biological plausibility and are either untested or conclusively proven as ineffective.
Department_of_Ayush_(Kerala)
artificial neural networks, on the other hand, show advantages for biological plausibility, learning, robustness (fault-tolerant processing and graceful decay)
Hybrid_neural_network
Pseudoscientific alternative medicine
"Spiritual healing continues to be promoted despite the absence of biological plausibility or convincing clinical evidence … that these methods work therapeutically
Energy_medicine
Pseudoscientific alternative medicine technique
Kazanjian, A. (1999). "A systematic review of craniosacral therapy: Biological plausibility, assessment reliability and clinical effectiveness". Complementary
Craniosacral_therapy
Unscientific claims presented as scientific
has faced significant criticism for funding systems that lack biological plausibility and are either untested or conclusively proven as ineffective.
Pseudoscience
Lost specimen of giant sauropod dinosaur from Colorado
such an animal. One analysis of the surviving evidence, and the biological plausibility of such a large land animal, has suggested that the enormous size
Maraapunisaurus
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
of renewal species is reduced to Mayr’s biological concept". Apart from the connection with Mayr's biological species concept, renewing species borrows
Species
Branch of machine learning
regression, and representation learning. The field takes inspiration from biological neuroscience and revolves around stacking artificial neurons into layers
Deep_learning
Inability to achieve orgasm despite adequate stimulation
Gruenwald, Ilan (January 2022). "Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD): Biological Plausibility, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Presumed Risk Factors". Sexual Medicine
Anorgasmia
Medication primarily used to treat severe acne
as well as articles related to class effect, dose-response, and biological plausibility found that the literature reviewed was consistent with an association
Isotretinoin
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such
Evolution
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any biologically plausible pharmacological agent or mechanism. Proponents argue that homeopathic
Homeopathy
Scientists and doctors generally find that faith healing lacks biological plausibility or epistemic warrant, which is one of the criteria used to judge
Efficacy_of_prayer
Time of offspring development in mother's body
effects of prenatal adversity at the cellular level, supporting the biological plausibility of similar processes in humans. Children of women who experienced
Pregnancy
Work by Thomas Paine, published 1794, 1795 and 1807
legendary embellishment that carries no probative weight. OT Jonah 1-2 Biological plausibility and witness identification Surviving in a great fish contradicts
The_Age_of_Reason
Concept in drug discovery
target for rational drug design must be selected on the basis of biological plausibility, or identified through screening potential lead compounds against
Lead_compound
Class of antidepressant medication
et al. (January 2022). "Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD): Biological Plausibility, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Presumed Risk Factors". Sex Med Rev (Review)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor
United States law against bioterrorism
use biological agents as a weapon had to be proven by prosecutors, thus making a defense that the agents were for "peaceful purposes" plausible. For
Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
Biological_Weapons_Anti-Terrorism_Act_of_1989
Dinosaur mass and length estimates
(130–200 ft) long. One later analysis of the surviving evidence, and the biological plausibility of such a large land animal, suggested that the enormous size of
Dinosaur_size
Biological process that adjusts the strength of connections between neurons in the brain
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a biological process that adjusts the strength of synaptic connections between neurons based on the relative
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity
Spike-timing-dependent_plasticity
Uses of drug ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic
as a COVID-19 treatment, due to a lack of research evidence or biological plausibility. The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, Brazilian Society of Infectious
Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic
Prayer and gestures perceived to bring divine intervention in physical healing
Scientists and doctors generally find that faith healing lacks biological plausibility or epistemic warrant, which is one of the criteria used to judge
Faith_healing
Organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or a stimulus
Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition or change in life
Stress_(biology)
Canadian computer scientist (born 1964)
Dong-Hyun Lee, Jorg Bornschein, Thomas Mesnard, Zhouhan Lin: Towards Biologically Plausible Deep Learning, arXiv.org, 2016 Bengio contributed one chapter to
Yoshua_Bengio
Research and development of biological weapons in Iraq
an extensive biological weapons (BW) program in Iraq in the early 1980s, despite having signed (but not ratified until 1991) the Biological Weapons Convention
Iraqi biological weapons program
Iraqi_biological_weapons_program
Allegations of US biological warfare
Allegations that the United States military used biological weapons in the Korean War (June 1950 – July 1953) were raised by the governments of the People's
Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War
Allegations_of_biological_warfare_in_the_Korean_War
Anti-vaccine group
between vaccine administration and autism diagnosis, and there is no biological plausibility for vaccines to cause autism, as autism is not an immune-mediated
National Vaccine Information Center
National_Vaccine_Information_Center
Scientific study of the nervous system
computer simulation to describe and verify biologically plausible neurons and nervous systems. For example, biological neuron models are mathematical descriptions
Neuroscience
Aspect of Japan's military history
The Empire of Japan extensively used and researched chemical and biological weapons (CBW) during the Second Sino-Japanese War as part of Japanese war crimes
Japan and weapons of mass destruction
Japan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Artificial neural network that mimics neurons
can be compared to the output of a corresponding SNN, evaluating the plausibility of the hypothesis. SNNs lack effective training mechanisms, which can
Spiking_neural_network
Recurrent neural network architecture
Schmidhuber, Juergen (2004). Biologically Plausible Speech Recognition with LSTM Neural Nets. Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced
Long_short-term_memory
British scientist
which Busby was one of twelve members, exhaustively examined the biological plausibility of SET and commissioned an independent consultant to conduct a
Christopher_Busby
Stress reduction medical technique
theoretical claim, that induced tremors release stored trauma, lacked biological plausibility and supporting evidence. Critics have also noted that much of the
Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises
Tension_and_Trauma_Releasing_Exercises
widespread and include objections to evolution's evidence, methodology, plausibility, morality, and scientific acceptance. The scientific community does not
Objections_to_evolution
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems with multiple interacting parts would not function if one of the parts were
Irreducible_complexity
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
model with regard to human characteristics of etiology; and the biological plausibility. Different models for inducing depressive behaviors have been utilized;
Biology_of_depression
Speciation within a population where subpopulations are reproductively isolated
speciation can occur, providing theoretical possibility and supporting biological plausibility (dependent on the models parameters and their concordance with
Parapatric_speciation
to which the exposure is associated with a particular outcome Biological plausibility: The extent to which the observed association can be explained
Forensic_epidemiology
Author of ancient astronaut books (1920–2010)
effects and evolutionary rate variation provide an alternative, more biologically plausible explanation. Peter James, co-author of the controversial book Centuries
Zecharia_Sitchin
Chemical stimulant produced by some plants
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine concludes, "[w]hile it is biologically plausible that nicotine can act as a tumor promoter, the existing body of
Nicotine
Type of stochastic recurrent neural network
free-running is given by the Boltzmann distribution. This learning rule is biologically plausible because the only information needed to change the weights is provided
Boltzmann_machine
(CHL). Leabra O'Reilly (1996; Neural Computation) O'Reilly, R.C. Biologically Plausible Error-driven Learning using Local Activation Differences: The Generalized
GeneRec
Neuroscientific theory
Some researchers have adapted Hebbian principles to develop more biologically plausible models for learning in artificial systems, which may improve model
Hebbian_theory
Class of CNS depressant drugs
Further well-designed research from other populations, as well as a biologically plausible mechanism, is required to confirm this association. Although benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepine
Resource problem in machine learning
suggests that the optimal solutions to multi-arm bandit problems are biologically plausible, despite being computationally demanding. Many strategies exist
Multi-armed_bandit
Gene variant
hypothesis that smallpox exerted positive selection for CCR5 Δ32 is also biologically plausible, since poxviruses, like HIV, enter white blood cells using chemokine
CCR5-Δ32
Medical treatment at raised ambient pressure
Given the absence of evidence of effectiveness and the limited biological plausibility and possible adverse effects, the need for future RCTs of hyperbaric
Hyperbaric_medicine
Model of how neurons in the brain or artificial neural networks learn over time
requires retrograde signalling from the postsynaptic neuron, which is biologically plausible (see neural backpropagation), and takes the form of Δ w i j ∝
Oja's_rule
Artificial neural network
back-propagation. However, the extreme performance comes with a cost of lower biological plausibility and higher complexity of the learning machinery. The BCPNN method
BCPNN
The Dutch hypothesis provides one of several biologically plausible explanations for the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
Dutch_hypothesis
Hypothesis in evolutionary biology
"Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a biologically plausible update of the Eocyte hypothesis". Research in Microbiology. 162
Eocyte_hypothesis
Computational neuroscience model
developed with the Functional Subnetwork Approach (FSA) to create biologically plausible models of circuits in a nervous system. The FSA enables the direct
Synthetic_nervous_system
2005 tie-in art book
Creature designs were however also envisioned so that they would be biologically plausible. For instance, some design ideas for the Terapusmordax (a giant
The_World_of_Kong
Hypothetical event
human intelligence. Prominent technologists and academics dispute the plausibility of a technological singularity and associated artificial intelligence
Technological_singularity
Form of artificial neural network
properties are desirable, since a learning rule satisfying them is more biologically plausible. For example, since the human brain is always learning new concepts
Hopfield_network
Chemical compound
(May 2016). "Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Old Age: From Biological Plausibility to Clinical Evidence". Nutrients. 8 (5): 295. doi:10.3390/nu8050295
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Father of Adolf Hitler (1837–1903)
was born out of wedlock. His mother was Maria Schicklgruber, but his biological father remains unknown. This uncertain parentage has led to claims that
Alois_Hitler
Unconventional academic journal (1975-)
what I look for are answers to two questions only: Is there some biological plausibility to what the author is saying? Is the paper readable? We are NOT
Medical_Hypotheses
Feeling of strain and pressure
Miller G, Chen E, Cole SW (2009). "Health psychology: developing biologically plausible models linking the social world and physical health". Annual Review
Psychological_stress
American advocacy organization
2009, saying that arguments that "there might be rare cases of 'biologically-plausible' vaccine involvement ... are misleading and disingenuous", and that
Autism_Speaks
American epidemiologist
United States and Great Britain, Wynder and Graham investigated the biological plausibility of the association between smoking and lung disease. In 1950, they
Ernst_Wynder
Peptide hormone produced by cows' pituitary glands
concerns raised regarding hypersensitivity, "the panel finds no biologically plausible reason for concern about human safety if rBST were to be approved
Bovine_somatotropin
Theory about the relationship between consciousness and body
Biological naturalism is a theory about, among other things, the relationship between consciousness and body (i.e., brain), and hence an approach to the
Biological_naturalism
Matter with biological processes
biotechnology that combines science and biological engineering. The common goal is the design and construction of new biological functions and systems not found
Life
Reluctance or refusal of vaccines
typically have an unknown origin, an increasing incidence, some biological plausibility, occurrences close to the time of vaccination, and dreaded outcomes
Vaccine_hesitancy
extended to 3D. An important feature of the algorithm is that it is biologically plausible. Since the algorithm was created in order to address some of the
MClone
Theory in neuropsychology
efficient for a variety of tasks, the slow learning method is more biologically plausible and can be used with continuous-time networks (i.e. when the input
Adaptive_resonance_theory
CIA program involving illegal experimentation on human test subjects (1953–1972)
of Scientific Intelligence and coordinated with the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories. The program engaged in illegal activities, including
MKUltra
Deterioration of rocks and minerals through exposure to the elements
dioxide and the activities of biological organisms are also important. Biological chemical weathering is also called biological weathering. The materials
Weathering
Mathematical descriptions of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system
Biological neuron models, also known as spiking neuron models, are mathematical descriptions of the conduction of electrical signals in neurons. Neurons
Biological_neuron_model
2007 book edited by Kevin R. Grazier
collection pay homage to Herbert's vision while analyzing the scientific plausibility of the Dune universe's many idiosyncrasies", highlighting a "treatise
The_Science_of_Dune
Possible prevention methods of dementia
remains unclear. However, Livingston et al. (2014) report that it is "biologically plausible" that depression increases the risk of dementia. There is some evidence
Prevention_of_dementia
Form of alternative medicine
conclude that "The concepts of orthomolecular medicine are not biologically plausible and not supported by the results of rigorous clinical trials. These
Orthomolecular_medicine
American physician and vaccine critic
2019 interview with the Los Angeles Times, Sears alleged it was "biologically plausible" that the MMR vaccine was linked to autism, a long-debunked claim
Robert_Sears_(physician)
American engineer (1935–2011)
brain generates the processes of the mind. Albus' work has led to a biologically plausible model of representation and computation in the human cortex. Albus
James_S._Albus
Phrase to describe the mechanism of natural selection
theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection. The biological concept of fitness is defined as reproductive success. In Darwinian terms
Survival_of_the_fittest
Statistical modeling framework
Convolution models: DCM for evoked responses (DCM for ERP). This is a biologically plausible neural mass model, extending earlier work by Jansen and Rit. It
Dynamic_causal_modeling
Protein found in humans
serotonin-deficient tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout rats. This establishes the biological plausibility of TAAR1 agonism as a treatment for aggressive behavior. Locomotor
TAAR1
Hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve towards some goal
Orthogenesis is an obsolete biological hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve in a definite direction towards some goal (teleology)
Orthogenesis
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
effects and evolutionary rate variation provide an alternative, more biologically plausible explanation Qi Z, Cui Y, Fang W, Ling L, Chen R (January 2004).
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Study of processing speed on cognitive tasks
are summarized below in brief along with the authors' proposed biologically plausible mechanisms. Larger scale meta-analyses have also been conducted
Mental_chronometry
Field of sexual orientation research
generations and causing reversed sexual preference. On grounds of evolutionary plausibility, Gavrilets, Friberg and Rice argue that all mechanisms for exclusive
Biology and sexual orientation
Biology_and_sexual_orientation
Type of species interaction
competition within and between members of a species is an important biological interaction. Competition is one of many interacting biotic and abiotic
Competition_(biology)
1979 anthrax outbreak in the Soviet Union
evidence of the Soviet Union hosting a programme aimed at the production of biological weapons. Sverdlovsk had been a major production center of the Soviet military-industrial
Sverdlovsk_anthrax_leak
Class of tests going beyond standard operation conditions
for materials. In animal biology, there are various forms of biological stress and biological stress testing, such as the cardiac stress test in humans,
Stress_testing
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