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Crusade of 1239-1241
The Barons' Crusade (1239–1241), also called the Crusade of 1239, was a crusade to the Holy Land that, in territorial terms, was the most successful since
Barons'_Crusade
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
negotiation during the Sixth Crusade in 1229, and in 1239–41 the Barons' Crusade restored much of the territory the Crusader states had lost. However, the
Crusades
Religious crusade in Egypt from 1248 to 1254
of France and pope Innocent IV began the Seventh Crusade to recover Jerusalem. The Barons' Crusade ended in 1241 with the Kingdom of Jerusalem at its
Seventh_Crusade
Crusader state in the Levant from 1099 to 1291
also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was one of the Crusader states established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade. It lasted for almost
Kingdom_of_Jerusalem
Bosnian Crusade (1235–1241) Barons' Crusade (1239–1241) (Crusade of 1239) Crusade of Theobald I of Navarre (1239–1240) Crusade to Tzurulum (1239) Crusade of
List_of_Crusades
King of Navarre from 1234 to 1253
Theobald IV) from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He initiated the Barons' Crusade, was famous as a trouvère, and was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre
Theobald_I_of_Navarre
English nobleman and rebel (c.1208 – 1265)
probably took part in the Albigensian Crusades of the early 1220s. He and Amaury both took part in the Barons' Crusade. In 1229 the two surviving brothers
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester
Duke of Burgundy from 1218 to 1272
Hugh joined the Barons' Crusade led by King Theobald I of Navarre and supported by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. During this crusade, he was one of
Hugh_IV_of_Burgundy
French noble
decided to conquer England at the invitation of the English barons during the First Barons' War, Robert was among the knights who followed him. He accompanied
Robert,_Lord_of_Champignelles
1228–1229 attempted conquest of the Holy Land
The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229), also known as the Crusade of Frederick II, was a military expedition to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land
Sixth_Crusade
13th-century crusade against Catharism in southern France
The Albigensian Crusade (French: Croisade des albigeois), also known as the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229), was a military and ideological campaign initiated
Albigensian_Crusade
Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury
as Earl of Leicester. In 1239 he departed for the Holy Land in the Barons' Crusade with Theobald I of Navarre, Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and many other
Amaury de Montfort (died 1241)
Amaury_de_Montfort_(died_1241)
Battle in 1239
The Battle at Gaza took place on 13 November 1239 as part of the Barons' Crusade. In it, an army led by Theobald I of Navarre was defeated by the Egyptian
Battle_at_Gaza_(1239)
History. After the truce that ended the Sixth Crusade, a further military action known as the Barons' Crusade was launched by Theobald I of Navarre and Richard
Chronology of the Crusades, 1187–1291
Chronology_of_the_Crusades,_1187–1291
14th-century crusade
hold the city and use it as a beachhead for more crusades into Egypt, but the majority of his barons refused, wishing only to leave with their loot. Peter
Alexandrian_Crusade
13th-century English nobleman
their claim to Wath. Marmion accompanied Richard of Cornwall on the Barons' Crusade to the middle-east and died in 1241. He left an underage heir in the
Robert_Marmion_(died_1242)
Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1243)
Baltic region. He played a diplomatic role in both the Northern Crusades and the Barons' Crusade. He was a monk of Aulne Abbey, a Cistercian monastery in the
Baldwin_of_Alna
Ayyubid sultan of Egypt from 1240 to 1249
diplomatic manoeuvres involving the Crusader states in Palestine and the European armies that arrived during the Barons' Crusade, other Ayyubid family rulers
As-Salih_Ayyub
Progenitor of the House of Habsburg
follower of Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, he took part in the Barons' Crusade of 1239 with King Theobald I of Navarre and died near Ashkelon. Albert
Albert_IV,_Count_of_Habsburg
Crusader and count of Sidon
with Garnier l'Aleman. During Barons' Crusade of Theobald I of Navarre in 1239, Balian joined a group of defiant barons at least part of the way to Gaza
Balian_Grenier
King of Germany from 1257 to 1272
from 1225. He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the Barons' Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners
Richard_of_Cornwall
Music genre
A Crusade song (Occitan: canso de crozada, Catalan: cançó de croada, German: Kreuzlied) is any vernacular lyric poem about the Crusades. Crusade songs
Crusade_song
13th-century baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
unacceptable to the barons. Odo took part in Theobald I of Navarre's Crusade of 1239-1240 but there were tensions between Theobald and local barons including Odo
Odo_of_Montbéliard
English crusader
crusaders of the Barons' Crusade. On 10 June 1240 he left England in the service of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall with roughly a dozen English barons
William_Longespée_the_Younger
Ayyubid emir of Damascus from 1227 to 1229
ruler of Egypt. In November 1239, Peter of Brittany (a leader of the Barons' Crusade) attacked a caravan moving up the Jordan to Damascus. An-Nasir was
An-Nasir_Dawud
Crusades and the Crusader states between 1229 and 1261. It is one of the most important sources for the period it covers, which includes the Barons'
Rothelin_Continuation
Henry was killed on 13 November 1239 during the Barons' Crusade, when he diverted several hundred crusaders from the main army under Theobald I of Navarre
Henry_II_of_Bar
Duke of Brittany from 1213 to 1221
reaction of his barons. There followed a series of small civil wars and political maneuverings. In 1222 he suppressed a revolt by Breton barons in the Battle
Peter_I_of_Brittany
French noble and poet (1210/15 – c. 1270)
Raoul de Soissons (1210/15 – c. 1270) was a French nobleman, Crusader, and trouvère. He was the second son of Raoul le Bon, Count of Soissons, and became
Ralph_of_Soissons_(trouvère)
Lord of Tyre (died 1270)
les plus recules... Volume 36. 1861. p. 262 Esneval, Baron d', 'les seigneurs de Pavilly, barons d'Esneval', vidames de Normandie Revue catholique de
Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre
Philip_of_Montfort,_Lord_of_Tyre
a list of the principal leaders of the Crusades, classified by Crusade. Emicho, leader of the German Crusade Walter the Penniless Bohemond, Prince of
List of principal leaders of the Crusades
List_of_principal_leaders_of_the_Crusades
Winchester. In 1240 he departed to the Holy Land on the Barons' Crusade with a host of crusaders led by Richard of Cornwall. In 1235 he married Amice de
Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon
Baldwin_de_Redvers,_6th_Earl_of_Devon
King of France from 1223 to 1226
in the crusade favored Simon de Montfort at every turn. In 1215, the English barons rebelled against the unpopular King John in the First Barons' War.
Louis_VIII_of_France
Calendar year
September 1 – Barons' Crusade: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King Theobald I of Navarre arrives at Acre. At a council of local barons – most prominently
1239
Ayyubid emir of Homs from 1186 to 1240
Baalbek and Al-Mansur Muhammad of Hama, to repel Crusader raids and, on occasion, to make forays into Crusader territory. Thus in November 1197 (Muharram 594)
Al-Mujahid
1209 killing of Cathars during the Albigensian Crusade
Crusaders. It was the outcome of the Siege of Béziers, which was the first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade. The Albigensian Crusade was
Massacre_at_Béziers
Prince of Gwynedd from 1255 to 1282
son), succeeded him as ruler of Gwynedd. At this time, Llywelyn went on crusade with Richard of Cornwall, brother of Henry III of England. Llywelyn's father
Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd
1235, Guigues joined the Barons' Crusade. He came from an illustrious crusading family. His father had gone on the Fourth Crusade and his ancestor Count
Guigues_IV_of_Forez
Christian states in the Levant, 1098–1291
Antioch, and individual Frankish barons concluded separate truces with Baibars. Determined to conquer the crusader states, he captured Caesarea and Arsuf
Crusader_states
1234 Papal bull by Pope Gregory IX
the key driver of recruitment for the Barons' Crusade. Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt, The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147–1254 (Brill, 2007), pp. 197–198
Rachel_suum_videns
Ayyubid emir of Hama from 1229 to 1244
Hama in a rather unusual way. Theobald of Champagne was leading a new crusade and arrived in Palestine in September 1239 (Safar 637). Al-Muzaffar lured
Al-Muzaffar_II_Mahmud
French knight and trouvère
other French crusaders, was taken prisoner by the Ayyubids during the Barons' Crusade, and imprisoned in Cairo. There De Nanteuil wrote a crusade song, En
Philippe_de_Nanteuil
Anglo-Norman noble (c. 1190–1242)
hostile to the king. The barons made him constable of Scarborough Castle, but when soon after fighting began between the barons and the king, he went over
William de Forz, 3rd Earl of Albemarle
William_de_Forz,_3rd_Earl_of_Albemarle
Lord of Caesarea (died 1238–1241)
issued at Nicosia. In February 1236, Pope Gregory IX wrote a letter to the barons of Cyprus and Jerusalem urging them to make peace with the Emperor and offering
John_of_Caesarea
Constable of Jerusalem
the barons. The reform of the burgess court was enacted by 1269, but the reform of the High Court was put off until 1286. While the Seventh Crusade drew
John_of_Arsuf
Christian crusader (died 1247)
Peters 1971, p. 160. Peters, Edward, ed. (1971). Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198-1229 (2nd ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. Marshall, Christopher
Balian,_Lord_of_Beirut
so-called Barons' Crusade, may be seen as early instances of passagium particulare. Plans for a more limited crusade in 1267 gave way to the Eighth Crusade when
Passagium
1189–1192 attempted re-conquest of the Holy Land
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England, and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer
Third_Crusade
English noble
William de Vesci or Vescy (died 1253) was a prominent 13th-century English noble. He was a son of Eustace de Vesci and Margaret, an illegitimate daughter
William_de_Vesci_(d.1253)
King of England from 1216 to 1272
the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala Bicchieri declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led
Henry_III_of_England
13th-century French nobleman
the Crusade of Theobald I of Navarre in 1239 and was among the many French Crusaders captured by the Ayyubids. He was commander of the Crusader army
Walter_IV_of_Brienne
Crusade against Ifriqiya in 1270
long-dormant plans for a new Crusade. The Second Barons' War was all but over with the defeat of Simon de Montfort and his rebellious barons by Edward I of England
Eighth_Crusade
American animated superhero series
Batman: Caped Crusader is an American adult animated television series based on the DC Comics character Batman. The series is developed by Bruce Timm,
Batman:_Caped_Crusader
Fief in crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
former holdings were briefly reclaimed by a treaty made during the Barons' Crusade. Italicized names are of titular princes. Tancred (1099–1101) Hugh
Principality_of_Galilee
Ayyubid emir of Damascus from 1237 to 1245
establish an alliance with the Crusaders to prevent Ayyub from conquering their territories. In July 1240 during the Barons' Crusade, an agreement was brokered
Al-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus
Al-Salih_Ismail,_Emir_of_Damascus
French crusader
Jehan was also a trouvère and a Crusader. He followed Theobald I of Navarre to the Holy Land in the Barons' Crusade of 1239 and there died a year later
Jehan_de_Braine
13th-century English baron and sheriff
Marshal, the Earl of Pembroke, against the king. In 1241 Maulay went on crusade, and died late that year, probably in the Holy Land. Maulay's parentage
Peter_de_Maulay
French nobleman and leader of the Albigensian Crusade (c. 1175–1218)
the reign of Henry III of England. He led the barons' rebellion against Henry during the Second Barons' War, and subsequently became the de facto ruler
Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester
Simon_de_Montfort,_5th_Earl_of_Leicester
Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)
God's service, declaring his intention to join a crusade. By early 1200, a council of leading crusader barons—including Thibaut, Louis of Blois, and Baldwin
Fourth_Crusade
Part of the Sixth Crusade
as, despite further territorial gains a few years earlier in the Barons' Crusade, the latter did not control the surroundings of the city sufficiently
Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)
1147–1149 Christian holy war
The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County
Second_Crusade
Count of Bar (1221–1291)
Dreux. He became count of Bar when his father was killed during the Barons' Crusade in 1239, but news of Henry's death did not reach him until 1240. As
Theobald_II_of_Bar
Part of the Albigensian Crusade
(16 mi) south of Toulouse, was the last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade and one of the most notable pitched battles of the Middle Ages. Although
Battle_of_Muret
French Benedictine abbot
The Blessed Benedict of Alignan (died 1268) was Benedictine abbot of Nôtre Dame de la Grasse (1224) and Bishop of Marseille (1229). Benedict twice visited
Benedict_of_Alignan
Nobleman
of the Order between the end of 1239 and 1240. In 1239, during the Barons' Crusade, de Vieille-Brioude accompanied Theobald I of Navarre who left France
Pierre_de_Vieille-Brioude
II. 1194–1250. Primus-Verlag. ISBN 9783534230402. Barons' Crusade Jackson, Peter (1987). "The Crusades of 1239–1241 and their Aftermath". Bulletin of the
Bibliography of the Crusades: modern works
Bibliography_of_the_Crusades:_modern_works
Duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1106
Henry I. He mortgaged his duchy to finance his participation in the First Crusade, where he was an important commander. In 1106, his disagreements with Henry
Robert_Curthose
1243 battle of the Albigensian Crusade
1243 – 16 March 1244) was a siege that took place during the Albigensian Crusade. It pitted the royal forces of Louis IX of France and those of the bishops
Siege_of_Montségur
List of contents and contributors to A History of the Crusades
the later Crusades to the Holy Land: the Third through Eighth Crusades, the Barons' Crusade and Lord Edward's Crusade. The Albigensian Crusade and Children's
A History of the Crusades: list of contributions
A_History_of_the_Crusades:_list_of_contributions
14th-century military expedition
Savoyard crusade was a crusading expedition to the Balkans in 1366–67. It was born out of the same planning that led to the Alexandrian Crusade and was
Savoyard_crusade
Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman (1146/7–1219)
was named by the king's council (the chief barons who had remained loyal to King John in the First Barons' War) to serve as protector of Henry and regent
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke
Religious wars focused against heretics
Crusades against Christians were Christian religious wars dating from the 11th century First Crusade when papal reformers began equating the universal
Crusades_against_Christians
English nobleman (1245–1296)
Henry's power. Deterioration of relations between the barons and the king resulted in the Second Barons' War, in which the royal government, supported by
Edmund_Crouchback
Church in Nottinghamshire, England
son Thomas de Furnival) died while on crusade, Gerard on the Fifth Crusade in 1219 and Thomas on the Barons' Crusade in 1241. Thomas's brother, Gerard III
Worksop_Priory
Siege of the Albigensian Crusade in France
July 1218 during the Albigensian Crusade. It was the third of a series of sieges of the city during the height of Crusader efforts to put down Catharism
Siege_of_Toulouse_(1217–1218)
Siege during Albigensian Crusade
place from August 1, 1209, to August 15, 1209, during the Albigensian Crusade. It took place in the Languedoc region of southern France at the fortified
Siege_of_Carcassonne
1989 film by Steven Spielberg
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeffrey Boam, based on a
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade
1187 Saladin victory over the Crusaders
The Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt, led by Sultan
Battle_of_Hattin
Ancient city on the Levantine coast known from Ancient, Classical, and Medieval times
Ayyubids made it a frontal post to their base in Gaza. In 1239, the Barons' Crusade was launched, led by Theobald I of Navarre who planned an assault on
Ascalon
1211 battle of the Albigensian Crusade
April 1211 and is considered the first field battle of the Albigensian Crusade. The battle took place in the Occitania region of Southern France near
Battle_of_Montgey
OCLC 17677564. Madden, Thomas F. (2006). The New Concise History of the Crusades. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3823-8. Martin, Colin; Parker, Geoffrey
List of wars involving England
List_of_wars_involving_England
Greece. The Albigensian Crusade. The Children's Crusade. The Fifth Crusade. The Sixth Crusade. The Baron's Crusade. The Crusades of Louis IX. The Ayyubids
Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades
Wisconsin_Collaborative_History_of_the_Crusades
1264–67 civil war in England
The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King
Second_Barons'_War
Sicilian diplomat and poet
him to assist Amaury de Montfort on his way through Sicily on the Barons' Crusade. On 18 November, he ordered him to arrest two priests and a monk accused
Ruggero_de_Amicis
Lord of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197
counties. In 1190, Henry joined the Third Crusade, aimed at conquering Jerusalem back from Muslims. He had his barons recognize his young brother, Theobald
Henry_II_of_Champagne
Raimon de Toulouse: Texte et traduction. Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Called to Arms and Its Consequences. University of Pennsylvania
1212_in_France
Wars involving France from 987 until 1792
England during Despenser's Crusade. Fought with England during the Caroline War. Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade. Reconciled with the Emperor
List of wars involving the Kingdom of France
List_of_wars_involving_the_Kingdom_of_France
1247 Engagement between the Crusaders and Ayyubids
Shortly after the Barons' Crusade of Theobald I of Navarre, Ascalon's walls were repaired, and after the Battle of Forbie, some of the crusaders escaped to Ascalon
Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)
Magna Carta surety baron and rebel leader (d. 1235)
barons of England] to extreme poverty", as the monk Roger of Wendover put it, were more likely the primary reason for the dissatisfaction of barons such
Robert_Fitzwalter
English Barons
Barons' Crusade) (aka Robert Marmion the Younger), son of Robert Marmion, 3rd Baron Marmion of Tamworth and his 2nd wife. Rebel in the First Barons'
Baron_Marmion
Siege during the Albigensian Crusade
engagement which took place from August to November 1210 during the Albigensian Crusade. It took place in the Languedoc region of southern France at the Castle
Siege_of_Termes
Duchess of Burgundy from 1229 to 1248
siecle (in French). Ecole des Chartes. Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Called to Arms and Its Consequences. University of Pennsylvania
Yolande of Dreux, Duchess of Burgundy
Yolande_of_Dreux,_Duchess_of_Burgundy
1960 science fiction novel by Poul Anderson
The High Crusade is a science fiction novel by American writer Poul Anderson, about the consequences of an extraterrestrial scoutship landing in medieval
The_High_Crusade
13th-century military campaign
The Aragonese Crusade (1284–1285), also known as the Crusade of Aragon or Crusade against Catalonia, was a military venture waged by the Kingdom of France
Aragonese_Crusade
Battle during the Albigensian Crusade
military engagement which took place in September 1211 during the Albigensian Crusade. The battle took place in the Occitania region of Southern France near
Battle of Saint-Martin-Lalande
Battle_of_Saint-Martin-Lalande
Contemporary historiography of the Crusades
wrote seven chansons about his participation the Barons' Crusade, Seventh Crusade and Eighth Crusade, where is presumed to have died in 1270. He was married
List of sources for the Crusades
List_of_sources_for_the_Crusades
Catholic inquisitor (1173–1239)
Burning at Mont-Aimé: Thibaut of Champagne's Preparations for the Barons' Crusade of 1239", Journal of Medieval History 29 (2003): 95–108. doi:10
Robert_le_Bougre
King of England from 1199 to 1216
rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of powerful English nobles. John and the barons agreed to Magna Carta
John,_King_of_England
13th-century literature
control in the summer of 1240 in accordance with a truce between the Barons' Crusade and Emir Ismāʿīl of Damascus. The text of De constructione presents
De constructione castri Saphet
De_constructione_castri_Saphet
King of Germany from 1273 to 1291
conflicts and even joining the Prussian Crusade in 1254—and as a restorer of order, often intervening against robber barons and feuding nobles. Despite facing
Rudolf_I_of_Germany
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