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Among alternative tunings for guitar, each augmented-fourths tuning is a regular tuning in which the musical intervals between successive open-string
Augmented-fourths_tuning
Guitar Tuning
all-fourths tuning; he has stated that all-fourths tuning "simplifies the fingerboard, making it logical". Among all regular tunings, all-fourths tuning E-A-D-G-C-F
All_fourths_tuning
Set of alternative guitar tunings
tuning 4 semitones (major third): Major-thirds or Augmented tuning, 5 semitones (perfect fourth): All-fourths tuning, 6 semitones (augmented fourth,
Regular_tuning
tuning, major-thirds tuning, and augmented-fourths tuning (but not major seconds tuning, which is not repetitive on six strings). Among open tunings,
Repetitive_tuning
ISBN 978-0-88188-423-4. Sethares (2001, "The augmented fourths tuning" 60–61) Sethares (2001, "The mandoguitar tuning" 62–63) Lou Reed biography Archived 2017-03-17
List_of_guitar_tunings
Adjusting pitches of guitar strings
(or down) in major-thirds tuning, and chords can be moved two strings up (or down) in augmented-fourths tuning. Regular tunings thus appeal to new guitarists
Guitar_tunings
Regular tuning among guitars
strings of the M3 tunings, for example, the open augmented C tuning. A♭–C–E–A♭–C–E. For each M3 tuning, the open strings form an augmented triad in two octaves
Major_thirds_tuning
Method of tuning a musical instrument
Pythagorean tuning is a system of musical tuning in which the frequency ratios of all intervals are determined by choosing a sequence of fifths which are
Pythagorean_tuning
Guitar tuning
(D3) with the E standard tuning. C-G-D-A-A-E All-fifths tuning is closely related to all-fourths tuning. All-fifths tuning is based on the perfect fifth
All_fifths_tuning
Set of notes played on a guitar
tunings include major-thirds (M3), all-fourths, augmented-fourths, and all-fifths tunings. For each regular tuning, chord patterns may be diagonally shifted
Guitar_chord
Musical interval
addition, augmented sixth chords contain tritones spelled as augmented fourths. The Italian and German sixth chords each contain one augmented fourth, while
Tritone
Alternative guitar tuning
New standard tuning (NST) is an alternative tuning for the guitar that approximates all-fifths tuning. The guitar's strings are assigned the notes C2–G2–D3–A3–E4–G4
New_standard_tuning
Fretted string instrument
(or down) in major-thirds tuning and chords can be moved two strings up (or down) in augmented-fourths tuning. Regular tunings thus appeal to new guitarists
Guitar
Difference in pitch between two notes
between the size of intervals in different tuning systems, see § Size of intervals used in different tuning systems. The standard system for comparing
Interval_(music)
Dissonant musical interval
A wolf interval is audibly out of tune within a particular musical tuning system. A common example is the abnormally small fifth that results from the
Wolf_interval
Musical interval
perfect fourth, because the note F is the fifth semitone above C, and there are four staff positions between C and F. Diminished and augmented fourths span
Perfect_fourth
Musical interval encompassing three half steps
Pythagorean tuning (play)), although the "augmented second" produced by such scales is often within ten cents of a pure 6:5 ratio. If a minor third is tuned in
Minor_third
Terms for tuning an instrument and a systems of pitches
meanings for tuning: Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice. Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument
Musical_tuning
Musical interval
perceptibly consonant harmonic seventh in some tuning systems: In septimal meantone temperament, an augmented sixth is specifically assigned to the harmonic
Augmented_sixth
Musical interval
semitones wide, and the interval from C to D♯ is an augmented second, spanning three semitones. Augmented seconds occur in many scales, including the various
Augmented_second
Types of harmonic structures in music
perfect fourth, the augmented fourth, and the diminished fourth. For instance, a three-note quartal chord on C can be built by stacking perfect fourths, C–F–B♭
Quartal_and_quintal_harmony
Musical interval
to the diminished third is the augmented sixth, and the numerous chords of common practice music described as augmented sixth chords thereby contain the
Diminished_third
to a 6:5 minor third plus a 7:6 subminor third. The 10:7 interval (augmented fourth) is equal to a 5:4 major third plus an 8:7 supermajor second, or a
Septimal_tritone
Basic musical interval
seven semitones a perfect fifth . In tuning systems derived from stacking perfect fifths, i.e. Pythagorean tuning and the related meantone temperaments
Semitone
Chord that contains the interval of an augmented sixth
In music theory, an augmented sixth chord contains the interval of an augmented sixth, usually above its bass tone. This chord has its origins in the
Augmented_sixth_chord
Musical interval
G♯ are augmented fifths, spanning eight semitones. Being augmented, it is considered a dissonant interval. Its inversion is the diminished fourth, and its
Augmented_fifth
Musical interval
and the augmented fifth, which is one chromatic semitone larger. In terms of semitones, these are equivalent to the tritone (or augmented fourth), and the
Perfect_fifth
Musical chord
not valid for augmented chords: since the augmented/augmented chord is not commonly used, the abbreviation augmented is used for augmented/minor, rather
Seventh_chord
Musical concepts
diminished or augmented). Unisons, fourths, fifths, and octaves and their compound interval must be perfect (or, rarely, diminished or augmented). Major and
Major_and_minor
Seven-string acoustic guitar developed in Russia
open G tuning on Lute in Mainz, but there is no evidence that they were relatives. Some guitar historians insist that the Russian seven-string tuning was
Russian_guitar
fifths and fourths are octave complements, rising by perfect fourths produces the same result as rising by fifths. All regular diatonic tunings are also
Regular_diatonic_tuning
Guitar tuning scheme in which all strings are tuned to the same note
The ostrich guitar or ostrich tuning is a type of trivial tuning. It assigns one note to all strings, e.g. E-E-e-e-e'-e' or D-D-D-D-d'-d'. The term "ostrich
Ostrich_guitar
Tuning system for musical instruments
Five-limit tuning, 5-limit tuning, or 5-prime-limit tuning (not to be confused with 5-odd-limit tuning), is any system for tuning a musical instrument
Five-limit_tuning
Categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds
conception:[citation needed][clarification needed] parallel fourths and fifths were acceptable and necessary, open fourths and fifths inside octaves were the characteristic
Consonance_and_dissonance
Musical interval
from C to F is a perfect fourth, five semitones wide, and both the intervals from C♯ to F, and from C to F♭ are diminished fourths, spanning four semitones
Diminished_fourth
Musical interval
(diatonic semitone), A1 is the augmented unison (chromatic semitone), and S1, S2, S3, S4 are semitones as defined in five-limit tuning#Size of intervals. Notice
Diminished_second
Musical interval
and Ronald Turner-Smith argue that schismatic tuning (using the diminished fourth (8192:6561) and augmented second (19683:16384) to represent 5:4 and 6:5
Syntonic_comma
Musical interval
A3, and there are seven staff positions from A3 to G4. Diminished and augmented sevenths span the same number of staff positions, but consist of a different
Minor_seventh
Diatonic scale tuning sequence proposed by Ptolemy
diatonics and an 11-limit "even" diatonic. This tuning was declared by Zarlino to be the only tuning that could be reasonably sung, it was also supported
Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale
Ptolemy's_intense_diatonic_scale
Musical interval
other pairs of consecutive strings is a perfect fourth. In an alternative tuning, the major-thirds tuning, each of the intervals are major thirds. Minor
Major_third
Musical interval
table below: A major fourth (Play) is the interval that lies midway between the perfect fourth (500 cents) and the augmented fourth (600 cents) and is thus
Major_fourth_and_minor_fifth
Tunings for stringed musical instruments
instruments are easily re-tuned, the concept of a "standard tuning" is somewhat flexible. Some instruments: have a designated standard tuning (e.g., violin; guitar)
Stringed_instrument_tunings
Musical tuning system
of 14 fourths. Eduardo Sabat-Garibaldi also had an approximation of 7:4 by means of 14 fourths in mind when he derived his 1/9-schisma tuning. Historically
Schismatic_temperament
Musical interval of ten diatonic steps
compound interval consisting of an octave plus a fourth. A perfect eleventh spans 17 and the augmented eleventh 18 semitones, or 10 steps in a diatonic
Eleventh_(interval)
Microtonal tuning system in music
1932) used this tuning system specifically because of its good matches to the 7th and 11th partials in the harmonic series. The tuning has poor matches
31_equal_temperament
Musical interval
multiple definitions of a minor sixth can exist: In 3-limit tuning, i.e. Pythagorean tuning, the minor sixth is the ratio 128:81, or 792.18 cents, i.e
Minor_sixth
Musical interval
chord (root position) with an added minor seventh (or augmented sixth, depending on the tuning system used). Although the word seventh in the name suggests
Harmonic_seventh
Small interval between musical notes
defined in Pythagorean tuning. Namely, the apotome (about 113.69 cents, e.g. from C to C♯) is the chromatic semitone, or augmented unison (A1), while the
Pythagorean_comma
Musical interval
intervals from C♭ up to B, and from C up to B♯ are augmented sevenths, spanning twelve semitones. Being augmented, it is classified as a dissonant interval. However
Augmented_seventh
Terms in music theory to characterize scales
as the augmented unison, diminished octave, augmented fifth, diminished fourth, augmented third, diminished sixth, diminished third, augmented sixth,
Diatonic_and_chromatic
Musical interval
Pythagorean if they are tuned using the Pythagorean tuning system. However, some Pythagorean intervals are also used in other tuning systems. For instance
Pythagorean_interval
American jazz guitarist (1929–2010)
in contrast, the standard guitar tuning has one major third amid four perfect fourths. Patt used major-thirds tuning during all of his work as a session
Ralph_Patt
perfect fifth. All-fifths tuning is the standard tuning for mandolin and violin and it is an alternative tuning for guitars. All-fifths tuning is also called fifths
List_of_fifth_intervals
Interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency
the tuning of a nine-stringed instrument, believed to be a Babylonian lyre, describe tunings for seven of the strings, with indications to tune the remaining
Octave
Very small interval arising from discrepancies in tuning
augmented second, or major third and diminished fourth, or perfect fourth and augmented third, or augmented fourth and diminished fifth, or perfect fifth and
Comma_(music)
major interval but noticeably narrower than an augmented interval. It is found in between a major and augmented interval, thus making it above, or supermajor
Subminor_and_supermajor
Musical input device
musical intervals has the same shape when transposed to another key, and tuning invariance, only exposed in certain layouts like Wicki and Bosanquet. Any
Isomorphic_keyboard
Music theory concept
substitution as an augmented sixth chord on ♭II (the augmented sixth being enharmonic to the dominant/minor seventh). The augmented sixth chord can either
Tritone_substitution
Musical interval
tone is the 9:8 interval play, and it is an approximation thereof in other tuning systems, while the minor tone is the 10:9 ratio play. The major tone may
Major_second
Musical interval
defined as: the difference (in cents) between 8 justly tuned perfect fifths plus a justly tuned major third and 5 octaves; the ratio of major limma to
Schisma
Distinct pitch classes sounding the same
that pitch is notated as C♮: In twelve-tone equal temperament tuning, the standard tuning system of Western music, an octave is divided into 12 equal semitones
Enharmonic_equivalence
Musical interval of 9 semitones
sixth, because the note A lies nine semitones above C. Diminished and augmented sixths (such as C♯ to A♭ and C to A♯) span the same number of note letter
Major_sixth
Fretted string instrument
the standard guitar-tuning has one major-third amid four fourths. Major-thirds tuning has a smaller scope than standard guitar-tuning, and so Patt started
Seven-string_guitar
Interval in classical music
or augmented comma. Many acoustics texts use the term greater diesis or diminished comma for the difference between an octave and four justly tuned minor
Diesis
Musical interval
(0) fourth (5) fifth (7) octave (12) Major second (2) third (4) sixth (9) seventh (11) Minor second (1) third (3) sixth (8) seventh (10) Augmented unison
Thirteenth_(interval)
Musical interval
into a single octave, it becomes a minor third or major sixth. Augmented octave Augmented unison Hamm, Chelsey; Hughes, Bryn (2026-02-01). "Intervals".
Ninth_(interval)
Type of musical scale
gives the following Pythagorean tuning for the minor pentatonic scale: A minor pentatonic scale in Pythagorean tuning Problems playing this file? See
Pentatonic_scale
Interval in music
comma-deficient major third. The Pythagorean ditone is the major third in Pythagorean tuning, which has an interval ratio of 81:64, which is 407.82 cents. The Pythagorean
Ditone
Musical interval
meantone will give four septimal thirds among the twelve major thirds of the tuning; this entails that three septimal major triads appear along with one chord
Septimal_major_third
minor third of 7/6 and an octave (2/1). This comma is important to certain tuning systems, such as septimal meantone temperament. A diminished seventh chord
Septimal_semicomma
Musical chord
the third, as in the first measure below) resolves inwards while the augmented fourth (if the seventh is below the third, as in the second measure below)
Dominant_seventh_chord
Musical interval
In Western tonal music theory, an augmented octave is the sum of a perfect octave and an augmented unison or chromatic semitone. It is the interval between
Augmented_octave
Variation on the standard guitar
A regular guitar's standard tuning (from lowest–pitched string to highest) is E2–A2–D3–G3–B3–E4. While no standard tuning has been established for baritone
Baritone_guitar
Several large, bowed musical instruments
back), but as a four- or five-string instrument with a D major tuning in thirds and fourths (F1–A1–D2–F♯2–A2); four-string instruments omit the bottom string
Violone
Musical tuning system of 53 pitches
53 TET had become the most common form of tuning in Ottoman classical music, replacing its older, unequal tuning. Arabic music, which for the most part bases
53_equal_temperament
Musical interval
as the alternative minor third in remote keys, under the name augmented second. Tunings of the meantone fifth in the neighborhood of quarter-comma meantone
Septimal_minor_third
Fourth mode of the melodic minor scale
scale. It is the fourth mode of the ascending melodic minor scale. This differs from the major scale in having an augmented fourth and a minor seventh
Acoustic_scale
Arabic music term
above the tonic, and its specific tuning varies among different regional traditions. In much of the Arab world its tuning is somewhere generally near an
Jins
Musical interval unit
intonation, or to compare the sizes of comparable intervals in different tuning systems. For humans, a single cent is too small to be perceived between
Cent_(music)
Musical interval
above C, and there are seven staff positions from C to B. Diminished and augmented sevenths span the same number of staff positions, but consist of a different
Major_seventh
interval in its own right, or as a comma; if it is tempered out in a given tuning system, the distinction between these two intervals is lost. The septimal
Septimal_third_tone
Musical tuning system with 19 pitches per octave
(Winter 2007). "Isomorphic controllers and dynamic tuning: Invariant fingerings across a tuning continuum". Computer Music Journal. 31 (4): 15–32. doi:10
19_equal_temperament
Form of musical chord
dominant seventh sharp ninth chord is a dominant seventh chord plus an augmented ninth above the root. For instance, a C dominant seventh sharp ninth chord
Ninth_chord
interval in its own right, or as a comma; if it is tempered out in a given tuning system, the distinction between the two different types of minor thirds
Septimal_quarter_tone
Musical interval
narrowing a minor seventh by a chromatic semitone, and its inversion is the augmented second. For instance, the interval from A to G is a minor seventh, ten
Diminished_seventh
Small musical interval
derived from the difference in pitch between three 75:64 just augmented seconds (Play just augmented second) and one 8:5 just minor sixth (Play minor sixth)
Semicomma
scales based on a system of perfect fourths and those based on a system of perfect fifths. A system based on perfect fourths is mostly present in Eastern Georgia
Music_of_Georgia_(country)
Scale obtained by sharpening the second and third degrees of the locrian mode
scale plus major seventh) Lydian dominant augmented; E♭7♯5 (add 9, ♯11, and 13) (Lydian mode with augmented fifth and minor seventh) (whole-tone scale
Major_Locrian_scale
the name marvel comma to this interval, as it is tempered out in marvel tunings. The septimal kleisma can also be viewed as the difference between the
Septimal_kleisma
the 16/9 Pythagorean minor seventh (the composition of two 4/3 perfect fourths) and the 7/4 harmonic seventh. Its size is 27.264 cents, slightly larger
Septimal_comma
higher order. For instance, a 3-limit unit can also be part of a 5-limit tuning and so on. By sorting the limit columns in the table below, all intervals
List_of_pitch_intervals
Harmonic structures constructed from intervals of thirds
alternatives, like quartal and quintal harmony, which use chords based on fourths or fifths. A traditional triad can be regarded as consisting of a stack
Tertian
Series of guitar and personal development classes
guitar, music, and oneself. GC popularized New Standard Tuning (NST), Fripp's guitar tuning using the notes (C2 G2 D3 A3 E4 G4 low to high). Learning
Guitar_Craft
Algebraic irrational number
equal temperament. This number was first proposed in relation to musical tuning in the 16th and 17th centuries. It allows measurement and comparison of
Twelfth_root_of_two
1993 compilation album by George Gershwin
made 130 piano rolls between 1916 and 1927. Certainly such tunes as "Novelette in Fourths," "So Am I," and "Idle Dreams" are long forgotten but worth
Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls
Gershwin_Plays_Gershwin:_The_Piano_Rolls
In music, ratio of pitch frequencies
most often used to describe intervals between notes tuned with tuning systems such as Pythagorean tuning, just intonation, and meantone temperament, the size
Interval_ratio
Musical parts sounding at the same pitch
considered the most dissonant. The unison is also the easiest interval to tune. The unison is abbreviated as "P1". However, the unison was questioned by
Unison
Musical compound interval
typically major or minor but can also have other chord qualities, like being augmented or diminished. A major tenth is a compound interval spanning 16 semitones
Tenth_(interval)
Use in music of microtones (intervals smaller than a semitone)
behavior of all [of these] equal tunings..., devise a notation for each tuning, and write a composition in each tuning to illustrate good chord progressions
Microtonality
Long-necked two-stringed lute from Iran and Central Asia
has thirteen frets corresponding to an octave plus an augmented second, and is tuned to fourths. In modern times it has transitioned from being a solo
Dutar
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