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Use in music of microtones (intervals smaller than a semitone)
Microtonality is the use in music of microtones — intervals smaller than a semitone, also called "microintervals". It may also be extended to include
Microtonality
2017 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
still in check. So even if you don't understand the first thing about microtonality, there's still plenty of flying banana here to keep you amused." Vinyl
Flying_Microtonal_Banana
Canadian experimental rock duo
(guitar, bass) and Klek de Poitrine (drums). They are known for complex microtonal compositions in the style of math rock and experimental rock, and an absurdist
Angine_de_Poitrine
Music that uses a tuning system outside of 12-TET
Tuning, Timbre, Spectrum, Scale. ISBN 3-540-76173-X. Microtonality - Web (in Spanish) Microtonal music on CD Homepage for William Sethares The Xenharmonic
Xenharmonic_music
Russian composer
manuals. The quarter tone scale (24-tet: 50 cents) is the most frequent microtonality in his work. Wyschnegradsky also wrote one piece for Julián Carrillo's
Ivan_Wyschnegradsky
American bassist, experimental musician, and singer
harmonized viral videos, and his compositions and playing style that utilize microtonality. MonoNeon has worked, performed and recorded with Pete Rock, Bon Iver
MonoNeon
Ascending or descending sequence of musical tones
steps to be equal within any scale and, particularly as demonstrated by microtonal music, there is no limit to how many notes can be injected within any
Scale_(music)
Australian rock band
calendar year, and also marked the beginning of a trilogy of microtonal albums with Flying Microtonal Banana. Subsequent releases integrated heavy metal, synth-pop
King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
King_Gizzard_&_the_Lizard_Wizard
British electronic music composer
world of online microtonal music", he is most known for his compositions which combine aspects of electronic dance music with microtonality. As a child,
Sevish
American saxophonist and composer (1927–2009)
and Matthew Shipp. In 1988, Maneri founded the Boston Microtonal Society, dedicated to microtonal music and tuning. It is currently led by James Bergin
Joe_Maneri
Sonata for Microtonal Piano is a sonata for specifically microtonally tuned piano by Ben Johnston written in 1964 (see also just intonation). When the
Sonata for Microtonal Piano (Ben Johnston)
Sonata_for_Microtonal_Piano_(Ben_Johnston)
Australian composer
to text-based music. Burt often employs elements of improvisation, microtonality, humour, live interaction, and lo-fi electronic techniques in his music
Warren_Burt
2016 single by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
on "Robot Stop" from Nonagon Infinity. Microtonality would be explored in full on the rest of Flying Microtonal Banana and subsequent albums such as K
Rattlesnake (King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard song)
Rattlesnake_(King_Gizzard_&_the_Lizard_Wizard_song)
2016 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
Stop", briefly features use of microtonal tuning, a technique explored further on the band's follow-up, Flying Microtonal Banana, while themes from Nonagon
Nonagon_Infinity
Musical scale invented by Wendy Carlos
Academie Royal des Sciences, 1701. 52. Sims, Ezra. "Observations on Microtonality Issue", Computer Music Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, 1987. 8f. Sills, Andrew
Wendy_Carlos_scales
2021 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
L.W. (subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 3) is the seventeenth studio album by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard
L.W._(album)
Turkish musician (born 1978)
arranger and designer of the adjustable microtonal guitar. He built a unique repertoire of works for microtonal guitar by arranging Anatolian folk music
Tolgahan_Çoğulu
Brass instrument
repertoire can include the use of quarter tones and other microtonality. On the tuba, a microtonal valve system was first developed in 2009 by Robin Hayward
Tuba
Musical interval
'Unexplored possibilities of contemporary improvisation and the influence of microtonality in the creation process'. With two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart
Quarter_tone
English musician (born 1994)
videos featured use of reharmonisation, close harmony, dissonance, microtonality, and polyrhythms. His more recent releases, which were also uploaded
Jacob_Collier
Mode in Arabic music
of tunability and microtonal control (e.g. the nay, the qanun, or the clarinet). On fretted instruments with steel strings, microtonal control can be achieved
Arabic_maqam
Dutch composer
31 May 1996) was a Dutch composer. He occasionally experimented with microtonality. Taught by Henk Badings, Olivier Messiaen and others, and in his youth
Ton_de_Leeuw
Musical instrument
built with many extra keys and strings, enabling experimentation in microtonality and just intonation. The archicembalo had two manuals, but unlike those
Archicembalo
American YouTuber and musician (born 1988)
time//motion//wine 2018 Gig Vlog M I X T A P E vol. 1 2019 two microtonal lo-fi jams Christmas Microtonal Lo-Fi Hip Hop EP 2020 polytonal lo-fi A Very 15/16 Christmas
Adam_Neely
Real-time changes of tuning and timbre
is a string, and that individual tunings are beads on that string. The microtonal community has typically focused primarily on the beads, whereas Dynamic
Dynamic_tonality
2020 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
K.G. (subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 2) is the sixteenth studio album by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard
K.G._(album)
American composer (1926–2019)
system of microtonal notation based on the rational intervals of just intonation, what Gann describes as a "lifelong allegiance" to microtonality. Johnston
Ben_Johnston_(composer)
Type of musical keyboard
keyboard with 31 notes per octave and pure major thirds. With the advent of microtonal music in the 20th century, instruments with enharmonic keyboards became
Enharmonic_keyboard
Form of art using sound
musicologists, such as Kyle Gann, have studied and tried to popularize microtonal music and the usage of alternate musical scales. Modern composers like
Music
Guitar playing technique
(or notes as the case may be). String-bending allows exploration of microtonality and can be used to give a distinctive vocal articulation to lead guitar
String_bending
Australian bassist
Lucas Graeme Harwood (né Skinner) is an Australian bassist known for his role in King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard as well as Atolls and Heavy Moss. Harwood
Lucas_Harwood
American composer (1901–1974)
twelve-tone equal temperament. Partch's tuning is often classed as microtonality, as it allowed for intervals smaller than 100 cents, though Partch did
Harry_Partch
Second-largest Christian church
other ancient Christian musical systems, is used. Byzantine music is microtonal. Byzantine chants are associated with the Eastern Roman Empire's period
Eastern_Orthodox_Church
Improvised music genre
London, Tokyo, and Vienna. The key characteristics of the music include microtonality, extended techniques, very soft and quiet dynamics, silence, and unconventional
Reductionism_(music)
American classical composer (1933–2023)
to a new style, releasing Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media. For these pieces, he used microtonality to create unusual equal tempered
Easley_Blackwood_Jr.
Computer-aided music composition software
Book 1, Diastema Editrice, 2021, ISBN 979-12-80270-07-8 Microtonality - Opusmodus microtonal system supports GM, MTS (MIDI Tuning Standard) and Pitch-Bend
Opusmodus
Natural number
a sexy prime, and a Mersenne prime. 31 equal temperament is a popular microtonal tuning for musical instruments because it provides a good approximation
31_(number)
American composer and guitarist (1948–2018)
guitars and percussion, which blended droning industrial cacophony and microtonality with quasi-mysticism and advanced mathematics. In 1982 he worked with
Glenn_Branca
Interference pattern between signals of similar frequency
microtonal shifts, so that the interference patterns are generated). Composer Phill Niblock's music is entirely based on beating caused by microtonal
Beat_(acoustics)
Pakistani vocalists and musicians
of their 13th-century lineage, which includes the mastery of complex microtonal vocal scales, particularly the rare 49-note scale that their father is
Saami_Brothers
Canadian stringed instrument manufacturer
Guitars released the Microtonal Doubleneck 4/6, a electric guitar and bass hybrid, with alternative fret spacing designed for microtonal playing. The guitar
Eastwood_Guitars
Newband is a contemporary music ensemble devoted to the performance of microtonal music. The group was founded in 1977 by musicians Stefani Starin and Dean
Newband
Soviet and Russian composer (1931–2025)
and Eastern music, and has been characterised by "innovative use of microtonality and chromaticism, rhythm over form and use of contrasting tonalities
Sofia_Gubaidulina
early, popular, and improvised microtonal music. They maintain contact with other organizations dedicated to microtonality including Tonalsoft, the Harry
Huygens–Fokker_Foundation
American music composer and teacher (born 1932)
the 31 equal temperament). He wrote the first Ph.D. dissertation on microtonality in 1961. He is married to stained glass artist Ellen Mandelbaum, and
Joel_Mandelbaum
Note sung or played at a slightly different pitch than standard
But this flatness may take several forms. On the one hand, it may be a microtonal affair of a quarter-tone or so. Here one may speak of neutral intervals
Blue_note
American classical composer
like the organ, based on blocking oscillator circuits and capable of microtonality -, the Electric Keyboard Drum, which uses buzzer-like relays, and the
Ivor_Darreg
American composer
“Matter Over Mind: Cosmos, Chaos, and Curiosity” (2016). She specializes in microtonal music, including founding ZIA, an all electronic band, and performing
Elaine_Walker_(composer)
Czech music educator and composer
Hába to continue his work in microtonality. The same year, Hába began to attempt the establishment of a school of microtonal music, but as the Nazis started
Alois_Hába
Piano tuning system
Brighton, England. Fluid tuning is accomplished by the addition of the microtonal tuning mechanism to the instrument. This mechanism enables the musician
Fluid_tuning
1893 comic song written by Harry S. Miller
English Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Cat Came Back "The Cat Came Back" is a blues-folk gallows comedy song about an indestructible
The_Cat_Came_Back
Teaching aural recognition of musical elements
or to assist in microtonal performance. Gro Shetelig at The Norwegian Academy of Music is working on the development of a Microtonal Ear Training method
Ear_training
Suite for Microtonal Piano (1978) is a suite for specifically microtonally tuned piano(s) by Ben Johnston written in 1977 (see also just intonation). According
Suite_for_Microtonal_Piano
Swiss mathematician (1707–1783)
& Sons. pp. 60–62. OCLC 3212114. "What is an Euler-Fokker genus?". Microtonality. Huygens-Fokker Foundation. Retrieved 2015-06-12. Euler 1739, p. 147
Leonhard_Euler
Electrical string musical instrument
compound radius fingerboard. Scalloped fingerboards added enhanced microtonality during fast legato runs. Fanned frets intend to provide each string
Electric_guitar
Natural number
the expression of logic "catch-22". 22 equal temperament is a popular microtonal tuning temperament due to its good approximation of harmonic intervals
22_(number)
signatures Sharp key signatures There is no universally accepted notation for microtonal music, with varying systems being used depending on the situation. A common
List_of_musical_symbols
American classical composer (1924-2004)
creator of unique musical instruments. Her compositions often feature microtonality and are strongly influenced by jazz, Buddhism, the music of Medieval
Tui_St._George_Tucker
American blues musician and songwriter (1911–1938)
— Marc Myers An important aspect of Johnson's singing was his use of microtonality. These subtle inflections of pitch help explain why his singing conveys
Robert_Johnson
Music notation software
Mus2 (pronounced [musiˈki]) is a music application for the notation of microtonal works and is designed for Turkish maqam music. Mus2 allows the user to
Mus2
Musical tuning system with constant ratios between notes
Western 12 EDO pitch and notation practices who are also interested in microtonality. Because 24 EDO contains all the pitches of 12 EDO, musicians employ
Varieties of equal temperament
Varieties_of_equal_temperament
French composer
(born 29 May 1955) is a French composer. His music is marked by its microtonality, tension, and energy. A pupil of Iannis Xenakis and Franco Donatoni
Pascal_Dusapin
Theory of microtonal music
Sonido 13 is a theory of microtonal music created by the Mexican composer Julián Carrillo around 1900 and described by Nicolas Slonimsky as "the field
Sonido_13
Microtonal tuning system in music
Foundation for Microtonal Music (huygens-fokker.org). Rapoport, Paul. "About 31 tone equal temperament". The Huygens-Fokker Foundation for Microtonal Music (huygens-fokker
31_equal_temperament
Musical input device
rigorously tested, so its validity has been neither proven nor disproven. Microtonality Isomorphic keyboards' provision of more than the usual 12 note-controlling
Isomorphic_keyboard
Music genre originating in 1860s
Music Theory. Retrieved January 17, 2026. Cutting, Court B. (2019). "Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale". Empirical Musicology Review
Blues
Natural number
chord has almost every note of a diatonic scale. In just intonation and microtonal music theory, the number 11 or the ratio 11/8 denotes an interval between
11_(number)
Musical note not in the current key signature
atonal music sometimes eschew all courtesy accidentals. Composers of microtonal music have developed a number of notations for indicating the various
Accidental_(music)
Middle Eastern end-blown flute
intervals between the holes can be minor and major seconds, as well as microtonal intervals (roughly 3 quarter tones) which could be referred to as neutral
Ney
Turkish composer (born 1967)
with contemporary Western compositional practices. His music combines microtonality, spectral color, aleatoric textures, and formal complexity with references
Özkan_Manav
American composer and music theorist (1934–2006)
and most since 1972 reflect an interest in harmonic perception and microtonality. Significant works include Clang (1972) for orchestra; Quintext (1972)
James_Tenney
Japanese musician
Yoshihisa Ochi (越智義久) as the Ochi Brothers, as well as with the American microtonal bassoonist Johnny Reinhard. He is a member of the Japan Composer's Association
Yoshiaki_Ochi
English musician (born 1971)
used unusual notation for his scores to convey complexities such as microtonality or improvisation. His piece "X Years of Reverb" requires organists to
Jonny_Greenwood
Japanese organ-violin duo
Nishida on violin, keyboards, and vocals. Formed in 1985, they play "microtonal pop music", specifically just intonation in the form of Harry Partch's
Syzygys_(band)
Musical instrument in which the sound-producing body is a piece of metal
of his pieces, including his pedagogical Schulwerk. Metallophones with microtonal tunings are used in Iannis Xenakis' Pléïades and in the music of Harry
Metallophone
Musical scale
Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, 2019. Narushima, Terumi. Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson. Taylor & Francis, 2017. Bohlen
Bohlen–Pierce_scale
Australian musician and producer
Mind Fuzz Quarters! Paper Mâché Dream Balloon Nonagon Infinity Flying Microtonal Banana Murder of the Universe (with Leah Senior) Sketches of Brunswick
Joey_Walker
Christmas-themed poem and carol
Collier. It features contemporary compositional techniques such as microtonality. Benjamin Britten includes an elaborate five-part setting of the first
In_the_Bleak_Midwinter
Latin American Music Review. 17 (1): 121–132. Rasch, Rudolf (2014). Microtonality and the Sonido 13 of Julián Carrillo. Oxford University Press. "Conlon
Music_of_Mexico
Major branch of Christianity
other ancient Christian musical systems, is used. Byzantine music is microtonal. Byzantine chants are associated with the Eastern Roman Empire's period
Eastern_Orthodoxy
German electropunk/Neue Deutsche Welle band
could just about play Der Mussolini as R'n'B if you wanted — to the microtonality of Im Dschungel der Liebe (In the Jungle of Love) (on Für immer) or
Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft
Deutsch_Amerikanische_Freundschaft
Brass instrument
multiphonic, and percussive sounds. The trombone's slide enables the use of microtonality, and modifying the F-attachment can be used to control a second bell
Trombone
2022 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
rap elements to the King Gizzard sound, with the latter incorporating microtonality and psychedelia. "The Garden Goblin" is a twee lo-fi bedroom-prog and
Omnium_Gatherum_(album)
The semantic system is based on a microtonal musical scale tuned in just intonation, developed by Alain Daniélou. For Daniélou, the subtleties of the intervals
Semantic_system
Musical artist
Nate Wooley. Currently, Gebruers' major project is the exploration of microtonality. For this, he plays and improvises with two pianos tuned a quarter-tone
Seppe_Gebruers
Australian musician (born 1990)
— Stu Mackenzie, November 2017 The band's ninth full-length album, Flying Microtonal Banana, was recorded in the band's own studio and released on 24 February
Stu_Mackenzie
Mexican musician (1875–1965)
conductor, violinist and music theorist, famous for developing a theory of microtonal music which he dubbed "The Thirteenth Sound" (Sonido 13). Carrillo was
Julián_Carrillo
Finnish composer (1928–2016)
Einojuhani Rautavaara (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈei̯noˌjuhɑni ˈrɑu̯tɑˌʋɑːrɑ] ; 9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music
Einojuhani_Rautavaara
Bowed string instrument
machine extension is locked down or depressed, it is not easy to make microtonal pitch adjustments or glissando effects, as is possible with a hand-fingered
Double_bass
slide guitar and prepared guitar techniques can be used to produce microtonality without severe modification to the instrument. In his on-line guide
List_of_guitar_tunings
American music theorist and engineer
formalization of consonance. In the 1980s, Sethares began exploring microtonality. In 1990, he realized traditional definitions of consonance and dissonance
William_Sethares
Single-reed woodwind instrument
tongue and circular breathing. Special lip-bending may be used to play microtonal intervals. There have also been efforts to create a quarter tone clarinet
Clarinet
Musical artist
Catler is an American composer and guitarist specially known for playing microtonal guitars like 31-tone equal tempered guitar, a 62-tone just intonation
Jon_Catler
Major scale based on A-flat
equal temperament, possibly requiring double sharps, double flats, or microtonal alterations in key signatures. The scale degree chords of A-flat major
A-flat_major
Singer of Pakistani classical music
style of singing and is the only living practitioner of the complex 49-microtonal Surti scale. Through oral tradition, he has transmitted this rare knowledge
Naseeruddin_Saami
State of Mexico
Julián Carrillo Trujillo – discovered the Thirteenth Sound theory of microtonal music. Francisco González Bocanegra – author of the Mexican National Anthem
San_Luis_Potosí
Solid with eight equal triangular faces
74 (469): 243–256. doi:10.2307/3619822. Narushima, Terumi (2018). Microtonality and the Tuning Systems of Erv Wilson. Taylor & Francis. p. 151–155.
Regular_octahedron
American musician (born 1956)
series intended “to showcase past and contemporary microtonal music and to introduce microtonality to the listening public.” As the founder of the AFMM
Johnny_Reinhard
Genre of Spanish music and dance
the following characteristics for the melodies of flamenco singing: Microtonality: presence of intervals smaller than the semitone. Portamento: frequently
Flamenco
Book by Harry Partch
Genesis of a Music is a book first published in 1949 by microtonal composer Harry Partch (1901–1974). Partch first presents a polemic against both equal
Genesis_of_a_Music
MICROTONALITY
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Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Lord Ganesh
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Powerful
Boy/Male
Arabic Muslim
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
Thunderbolt of Indra
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese, Vietnamese
Orchid Flower
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Indian, Irish
Dark Skinned; Charcoal Burner; Follower of Nicholas; Dove; Peace
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Ealdred, ELDRED means "old advisor."
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Burning Charcoal
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
Counsel; Well-advised Ruler
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English diche, dike, Old English dīc ‘dike’, ‘earthwork’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a ditcher or a topographic name for someone who lived by a ditch or dike. The medieval dike was larger and more prominent than the modern ditch, and was usually constructed for purposes of defense rather than drainage.Americanized spelling of Dutch Dijk (see Dyck).
MICROTONALITY
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