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Antibacterial drug
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain
Aminoglycoside
In enzymology, an aminoglycoside N3'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.81) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine
Aminoglycoside N3'-acetyltransferase
Aminoglycoside_N3'-acetyltransferase
Antibiotic medication
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic
Gentamicin
Antibiotic medication
injection into a vein using an IV or into a muscle. Amikacin, like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, can cause hearing loss, balance problems, and kidney problems
Amikacin
Medical condition
disorders, for very serious health conditions. Ototoxic drugs include aminoglycoside antibiotics (such as gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin), loop diuretics
Ototoxicity
In enzymology, an aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + kanamycin-B ⇌ {\displaystyle
Aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase
Aminoglycoside_N6'-acetyltransferase
Type of antibiotic
Neomycin, also known as framycetin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3'), EC 2.7.1.95) is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of
Kanamycin_kinase
Class of enzymes
N-acetylglucosamine sugar unit to one of the hydroxy groups of the aminoglycoside, 2-deoxystreptamine, giving 2'-N-acetylparomamine and uridine diphosphate
2-Deoxystreptamine N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase
2-Deoxystreptamine_N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase
Species of bacterium
Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius is a bacterium that biosynthesizes the aminoglycoside antibiotics tobramycin and apramycin. "Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius"
Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius
Streptoalloteichus_tenebrarius
Species of bacterium
penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and fosfomycin (see table in Genome structure), and
Staphylococcus_haemolyticus
Antibiotic
the baby. It is likely safe during breastfeeding. Kanamycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications. It has the weakest antibacterial capabilities
Kanamycin_A
Antibiotic resistance caused by a plasmid
aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methyltransferases. Resistance to aminoglycosides is conferred via numerous mechanisms: aminoglycoside-modifying
Plasmid-mediated_resistance
Species of bacterium
AAC(6')-Ib: encodes an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme called aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase, which alters the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics such
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Aminoglycoside antibiotic
myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular disorders. Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside. It works by blocking the ability of 30S ribosomal subunits to make
Streptomycin
Cataclist enzyme
Other names in common use include gentamicin acetyltransferase I, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(3)-1, gentamicin 3'-N-acetyltransferase, and
Gentamicin 3'-N-acetyltransferase
Gentamicin_3'-N-acetyltransferase
Chemical compound
Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly
Tobramycin
Antibiotic
It is available as a generic medication. Bacterial meningitis; an aminoglycoside can be added to increase efficacy against gram-negative meningitis bacteria
Ampicillin
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics, gentamicin, streptomycin, and neomycin are reported to exacerbate myasthenia gravis. The aminoglycoside tobramycin
Myasthenia_gravis
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
subunit. Three main mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms are currently and widely accepted: aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, ribosomal mutations
Staphylococcus_aureus
Treatment-resistant bacterium
cephalosporin), ceftriaxone (an injectable cephalosporin), azithromycin, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline. Beta-lactams like penicillin were widely used to
Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea
Antibiotic_resistance_in_gonorrhea
Chemical compound
in structure. l-Streptose is one of the sugars in streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that has toxic effects in the kidney and other side effects
L-Streptose
Chemical compound
is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, isolated from the fermentation broth of Micromonospora inositola. It is a newer broad-spectrum aminoglycoside most structurally
Sisomicin
Chemical compound
Use during breastfeeding appears to be safe. Paromomycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications and causes microbe death by stopping the creation
Paromomycin
Class of enzymes
2010). "Structural basis for the methylation of G1405 in 16S rRNA by aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase Sgm from an antibiotic producer: a diversity
16S rRNA (guanine1405-N7)-methyltransferase
16S_rRNA_(guanine1405-N7)-methyltransferase
Study of microscopic organisms (microbes)
they are used for medicinal purposes, such as Streptomyces to make aminoglycoside antibiotics. A variety of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyesters
Microbiology
Chemical compound
G418 (genericized trade name geneticin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1. It is produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea
G418
medications include antibiotics (including aminoglycosides and glycopeptides) and chemotherapeutic agents. Aminoglycosides and some chemotherapeutic agents are
Ototoxic_medication
Pharmaceutical drug
hearing problems in the baby. Capreomycin is commonly grouped with the aminoglycoside family of medications. How it works is unclear. Capreomycin was discovered
Capreomycin
Chemical compound
Isepamicin (isepamycin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It was patented in 1973 and approved for medical use in 1988. It has been identified by the World
Isepamicin
Disputed genetic element
is found upstream of the bacterial aminoglycosides antibiotic-resistant genes and that functions as an aminoglycoside-specific riboswitch. The putative
AAC/AAD_leader
Antibiotic medication
Plazomicin, sold under the brand name Zemdri, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat complicated urinary tract infections. As of 2019 it is recommended
Plazomicin
Inflammation of the kidney
infecting organism, and may include fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, either alone or in combination.
Pyelonephritis
Class of enzymes
2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C Involved in biosynthesis of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin. Yokoyama K, Yamamoto Y, Kudo F, Eguchi T (April
UDP-GlcNAc:ribostamycin N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
UDP-GlcNAc:ribostamycin_N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Chemical compound
referenced in scientific journal articles as fortimicin A/B) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is produced by Micromonospora olivasterospora (also named
Astromicin
Life-threatening response to infection
broad-spectrum carbapenem combined with fluoroquinolones, macrolides, or aminoglycosides) are recommended. The choice of antibiotics is important in determining
Sepsis
Chemical compound
animal models to attenuate the hearing loss caused by aminoglycosides. It is thought that aminoglycosides mimic endogenous polyamines at NMDA receptors and
Dizocilpine
Species of bacterium
Streptomyces albus is a bacterial species from which the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside salbostatin was isolated. S. albus is known to produce white aerial
Streptomyces_albus
Genus of bacteria
for macrolides, rifampin, quinolones, metronidazole, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides, but the mechanism involved is not precisely described. The high frequency
Capnocytophaga
Group of antibiotics derived from fungi
shows a synergistic effect with aminoglycosides, since the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis allows aminoglycosides to penetrate the bacterial cell
Penicillin
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation are resistance mechanisms to aminoglycosides. Acetylation is the most common and can affect a number of drug classes
Antimicrobial_resistance
Protein domain
(KNTase) is an enzyme which is involved in conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. It catalyses the transfer of a nucleoside monophosphate
Kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase
Kanamycin_nucleotidyltransferase
Antibiotic
to form the aminoglycoside spectinomycin. It is in the aminocyclitol class of antibiotics, which are closely related to the aminoglycosides. Spectinomycin
Spectinomycin
Chemical compound
Dibekacin (3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin developed by Hamao Umezawa and collaborators
Dibekacin
Brain disease resulting from liver failure
chosen because of its low intestinal absorption, as neomycin and similar aminoglycoside antibiotics may cause hearing loss and kidney failure if used by injection
Hepatic_encephalopathy
Nerve cell that converts environmental stimuli into corresponding internal stimuli
synapses, can lead to hair cell death, often caused by ototoxic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics poisoning the cochlea. Through the use of these toxins,
Sensory_neuron
Genus of bacteria
intrinsic multidrug resistance, with frequent resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and polymyxins. Imipenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Pandoraea
Chemical compound
Apramycin (nebramycin II) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. It is produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. Apramycin can be used
Apramycin
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
antibiotics that specifically target gram-negative bacteria include aminoglycosides, monobactams (such as aztreonam), and ciprofloxacin. Conventional gram-negative
Gram-negative_bacteria
Genus of bacteria
saprotrophic forms in soil and water. Various species are sources of aminoglycoside antibiotics with spellings that end with -micin, such as gentamicin
Micromonospora
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
with pseudomonal coverage: for instance, cefepime, ceftazidime, or an aminoglycoside: for instance, gentamicin, amikacin). The prognosis for ARS is dependent
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Dizziness with sensation of moving or surrounding objects moving
vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults (e.g., aminoglycosides) or physical trauma (e.g., skull fractures). Motion sickness is sometimes
Vertigo
Inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs
and fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin. These antibiotics are often given intravenously and
Pneumonia
Chemical compound
antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is an aminoglycoside that kills bacteria, fungi and other eukaryotic cells by inhibiting
Hygromycin_B
Genetic disorder affecting mostly the lungs
given to help prevent infection or to control ongoing infection. The aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g. tobramycin) used can cause hearing loss, damage to
Cystic_fibrosis
Class of enzymes
enzyme catalyses two steps in the biosynthesis of the side chain of the aminoglycoside antibiotics of the butirosin family. Li Y, Llewellyn NM, Giri R, Huang
(butirosin acyl-carrier protein)—L-glutamate ligase
(butirosin_acyl-carrier_protein)—L-glutamate_ligase
Mnemonic in microbiology
cephalosporins results in induction of AmpC beta-lactamase. Treatment with an aminoglycoside or carbapenem is usually indicated. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam
ESCAPPM
Medication
loteprednol, as the etabonate, a corticosteroid; and tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used as drops in the eye. Loteprednol/tobramycin was
Loteprednol/tobramycin
Species of tropical soil-dwelling bacterium
majority of B. pseudomallei isolates are intrinsically resistant to all aminoglycosides (via an efflux pump mechanism), but sensitive to co-amoxiclav: this
Burkholderia_pseudomallei
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
of antibiotics used in medicine include penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones and tetracyclines. Not all infections require
Infection
Science of drugs and medications and their effects
therapeutic drug monitoring (examples are warfarin, some antiepileptics, aminoglycoside antibiotics). Most anti-cancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic margin:
Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical drug classification
QJ01RA96 Quinolones, combinations with other antibacterials QJ01RA97 Aminoglycosides, combinations with other antibacterials QJ01RV01 Antibacterials and
ATC_code_J01
Antibiotic medication
1% to 1% of patients), but this is accentuated in the presence of aminoglycosides. Rare adverse effects associated with intravenous vancomycin (<0.1%
Vancomycin
Class of enzymes
monooxygenase catalyses a step in the biosynthesis of the side chain of the aminoglycoside antibiotics of the butirosin family. Li Y, Llewellyn NM, Giri R, Huang
4-(Gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanoyl-(BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase
4-(Gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanoyl-(BtrI_acyl-carrier_protein)_monooxygenase
Sexually transmitted bacterial infection in humans
needed] Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin has been used to successfully treat chancroid; however aminoglycoside-resistant
Chancroid
Drugs that alter the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles
regarded as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease. Aminoglycosides: Aminoglycosides are frequently used in combinational antibacterial therapies
Neuromuscular_drug
Pharmaceutical preparation
drops potentiate the risk of increased intraocular pressure. Systemic aminoglycoside antibiotics increase toxicity for ears, nerves and kidney. Tobrason
Tobramycin/dexamethasone
choice: gentamicin or amikacin (both aminoglycosides) +/- amoxicillin or vancomycin (all injectable). Aminoglycosides should be avoided whenever feasible
Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation
Treatment_of_infections_after_exposure_to_ionizing_radiation
Beta-lactam antibiotic
(including protein hydrolysates) or with intravenous lipid emulsions aminoglycoside should be injected at a separate site from amoxicillin if the patient
Amoxicillin
Species of bacterium
Morioka, M; Naganawa, H; Okami, Y (July 1996). "Mechanism of multiple aminoglycoside resistance of kasugamycin-producing Streptomyces kasugaensis MB273:
Streptomyces_kasugaensis
Medical condition
and aminoglycosides are widely used, although ciprofloxacin has been shown to be effective in most cases, and may be preferred to aminoglycosides because
Ascending_cholangitis
Rare congenital neuromuscular disorder
cells. No compounds have been taken forward to the clinical stage. Aminoglycosides showed the capability to increase SMN protein availability in two studies
Spinal_muscular_atrophy
American microbiologist
antifungal and antibacterial compounds. She is best known for her work on aminoglycoside resistance in bacteria as well as leading drug discovery research teams
Karen_Joy_Shaw
Genetically engineered food
for the creation of APH(3')II, which confers resistance to certain aminoglycoside antibiotics, including kanamycin and neomycin. On May 18, 1994, the
Flavr_Savr
Antibiotic solution for cell culture media
effective in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is effective against most Gram-negative bacteria. Amphotericin
Antibiotic-Antimycotic
Birth at less than a specified gestational age
for an audiologic evaluation by an audiologist. If the infant is on aminoglycosides such as gentamicin for less than five days, they should be monitored
Preterm_birth
Antibiotic medication
microbiologist Selman Waksman at Rutgers University. Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics and fights against Gram positive and gram negative
Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin
Neomycin/polymyxin_B/bacitracin
Macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in cells
modifications are pseudouridylation and 2'-O-methylation of ribose. Aminoglycosides Posttranslational modification Protein dynamics Ribosome-associated
Ribosome
Medication
immunosuppressants. Nephrotoxicity could be increased when the drug is combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics, diuretics, NSAIDs or lithium. The drug's mechanism of action
Diroximel_fumarate
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Hygromycin A Hygromycin B, an aminoglycoside that kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells This set index
Hygromycin
Type of drug
are sometimes considered drugs of last resort, such as cisapride. Aminoglycosides — an antibacterial; its use is extremely restricted due to risk of
Drug_of_last_resort
Chemical compound
have weak antimicrobial activity and could be considered as a class of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The properties and functions of 4-trehalosamine have been
Trehalosamine
5-oxo-L-proline The enzyme catalyses the last step in the biosynthesis of the aminoglycoside antibiotic butirosin B. Llewellyn NM, Li Y, Spencer JB (April 2007)
Gamma-L-glutamyl-butirosin B gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase
Gamma-L-glutamyl-butirosin_B_gamma-glutamyl_cyclotransferase
Human and animal disease
antibiotic are effective in treating bubonic plague. These include aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin, tetracyclines (especially doxycycline)
Bubonic_plague
Genus of bacteria
animals. Drugs with effects against Brucella include tetracyclines, aminoglycosides (streptomycin, [since 1947], gentamicin, netilmicin), rifampicin, quinolones
Brucella
Visual disturbance
nausea. Oscillopsia can also be used as a quantitative test to document aminoglycoside toxicity. Permanent oscillopsia can arise from an impairment of the
Oscillopsia
Causation of harm by any medical activity
can cause arsenic poisoning.[medical citation needed] Furthermore, aminoglycoside antibiotics can be toxic to the kidneys; these are prescribed only in
Iatrogenesis
Altered region in an otherwise normal field of vision
intracranial pressure that occurs in malignant hypertension.[citation needed] Aminoglycoside antibiotics, particularly streptomycin, may also cause a scotoma.[citation
Scotoma
Pathogen resistance to medications
examples of antibiotic-modifying microbes are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. In short, the lack of concerted effort
Drug_resistance
Class of enzymes
6'''-deamino-6'''-oxoneomycin C + H2O2 This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of aminoglycoside antibiotics of the neomycin family. Huang F, Spiteller D, Koorbanally
6'''-Hydroxyneomycin C oxidase
6'''-Hydroxyneomycin_C_oxidase
Genus of bacteria
Actinobacilli are susceptible to most antibiotics of the beta-lactam family, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and many other antibacterial chemotherapeutics
Actinobacillus
Exploration of nature for material with commercial potential
clinical use were discovered through bioprospecting including the aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, polymyxins, cephalosporins and other β-lactam
Bioprospecting
Species of bacterium
2014; Tamma et al., 2022 as cited in Tavares-Carreon et al., 2023), aminoglycoside amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin (Bertrand & Dowzicky, 2012; Sader
Serratia_marcescens
Drug combination for HIV/AIDS prophylaxis and treatment
dipivoxil, cidofovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, aminoglycosides, etc.) May increase emtricitabine and/or tenofovir concentrations.
Emtricitabine/tenofovir
Chemical compound
"Hepatocyte growth factor mimetic protects lateral line hair cells from aminoglycoside exposure". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 9 (3): 3. doi:10.3389/fncel
Dihexa
Class of enzymes
C + acetate This enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of aminoglycoside antibiotics of the [neomycin] family. Yokoyama K, Yamamoto Y, Kudo F
2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C deacetylase
2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin_C_deacetylase
Class of chemical compounds
derived aminoglycosides This class includes kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, apramycin, hygromycin. myo-inositol 1-phosphate derived aminoglycosides This
Aminocyclitol
British microbiologist (1932–2025)
other small molecules, with important advances in understanding how aminoglycoside antibiotics work and how bacteria become resistant to them. His subsequent
Julian Davies (microbiologist)
Julian_Davies_(microbiologist)
Species of bacterium
organisms are naturally resistant to many common antibiotics, including aminoglycosides and polymyxin B. and this fact is exploited in the identification of
Burkholderia_cepacia_complex
Class of enzymes
panaminoglycoside resistance through interference with the binding of aminoglycosides. Beauclerk AA, Cundliffe E (February 1987). "Sites of action of two
16S rRNA (adenine1408-N1)-methyltransferase
16S_rRNA_(adenine1408-N1)-methyltransferase
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