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Equivalence relation between map germs
In mathematics, A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} -equivalence, sometimes called right-left equivalence, is an equivalence relation between map germs.
A-equivalence
Logical fallacy of inconsistency
A false equivalence or false equivalency is an informal fallacy in which an equivalence is drawn between two subjects based on flawed, faulty, or false
False_equivalence
In computer metadata, semantic equivalence is a declaration that two data elements from different vocabularies contain data that has similar meaning. There
Semantic_equivalence
Mathematical concept for comparing objects
In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments
Equivalence_relation
Topics referred to by the same term
equivalence may refer to: Weak equivalence of categories Weak equivalence (homotopy theory) Weak equivalence between simplicial sets Weak equivalence
Weak_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up equivalence or equivalent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Equivalence or Equivalent may refer to: Album-equivalent unit, a measurement unit
Equivalence
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form
Equivalence_principle
topology, a fiber-homotopy equivalence is a map over a space B that has homotopy inverse over B (that is if h t {\displaystyle h_{t}} is a homotopy between
Fiber-homotopy_equivalence
Aspect of the Unicode standard
Unicode equivalence is the specification by the Unicode character encoding standard that some sequences of code points represent essentially the same
Unicode_equivalence
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame. The two differ only by a multiplicative constant
Mass–energy_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
nuclear equivalence, in genetics Wolfram's principle of computational equivalence, discussed in A New Kind of Science Doctrine of cash equivalence This disambiguation
Principle_of_equivalence
Non-normative mind-state
Psychic equivalence describes a mind-state where no distinction is drawn between the contents of the mind and the external world – where what is thought
Psychic_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Turing equivalence may refer to: As related to Turing completeness, Turing equivalence means having computational power equivalent to a universal Turing
Turing_equivalence
Stage of electronic circuit design verification
Formal equivalence checking process is a part of electronic design automation (EDA), commonly used during the development of digital integrated circuits
Formal_equivalence_checking
Topics referred to by the same term
Functional equivalence can refer to Dynamic and formal equivalence in biblical translation Functional equivalence (ecology), a concept in community ecology
Functional_equivalence
Two dissimilar translation approaches
Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, in translating, is the dichotomy between transparency and fidelity – respectively, between the meaning and
Dynamic and formal equivalence
Dynamic_and_formal_equivalence
Mathematical concept
have a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation), then one may naturally split the set S {\displaystyle S} into equivalence classes
Equivalence_class
Mathematical concept for comparing objects
mathematics, a partial equivalence relation (often abbreviated as PER, in older literature also called restricted equivalence relation) is a homogeneous
Partial_equivalence_relation
Concept in logic
for material equivalence, so proper interpretation would depend on the context. Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence, although the
Logical_equivalence
Distinct pitch classes sounding the same
In music, two written notes have enharmonic equivalence if they produce the same pitch but are notated differently. Similarly, written intervals, chords
Enharmonic_equivalence
Software testing technique
Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning (ECP) is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions
Equivalence_partitioning
Topics referred to by the same term
Equivalence theorem may refer to: Economics Ricardian equivalence, a principle in economics Revenue equivalence, a concept in auction theory Mathematics
Equivalence_theorem
Term used in political debates
Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions
Moral_equivalence
Mathematical ways to group elements of a set
one subset. Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with
Partition_of_a_set
In ecology, functional equivalence (or functional redundancy) is the ecological phenomenon that multiple species representing a variety of taxonomic groups
Functional equivalence (ecology)
Functional_equivalence_(ecology)
Enharmonic equivalence In music theory, equivalence class is an equality (=) or equivalence between properties of sets (unordered) or twelve-tone rows
Equivalence_class_(music)
Tool used to draw statistical inferences from observed data
Equivalence tests are a variety of hypothesis tests used to draw statistical inferences from observed data. In these tests, the null hypothesis is defined
Equivalence_test
Semantic property
Observational equivalence is the property of two or more underlying entities being indistinguishable on the basis of their observable implications. Thus
Observational_equivalence
Stock market equivalence is granted by the European Union to those countries whose stock markets are deemed to be 'equivalent' to those of the EU countries
Stock_market_equivalence
particularly the area of topology, a simple-homotopy equivalence is a refinement of the concept of homotopy equivalence. Two CW-complexes are simple-homotopy
Simple-homotopy_equivalence
Particular ratio of chemical reactants
The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of reactants have been mixed
Equivalence_point
Hypothesis on the equivalence of tax vs. debt financing
The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are
Ricardian_equivalence
Differential geometry technique
Cartan's equivalence method is a technique in differential geometry for determining whether two geometrical structures are the same up to a diffeomorphism
Cartan's_equivalence_method
Interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency
Western system of music notation—the name of a note an octave above A is also A. This is called octave equivalence, the assumption that pitches one or more
Octave
When formal languages generate the same set of strings
In formal language theory, weak equivalence of two grammars means they generate the same set of strings, i.e. that the formal language they generate is
Equivalence (formal languages)
Equivalence_(formal_languages)
Topics referred to by the same term
Unitary equivalence may refer to: Unitary equivalence of bounded operators in Hilbert space; see self-adjoint operator Unitary equivalence of a unitary
Unitary_equivalence
Transfer of the meaning of something in one language into another
formal equivalence, and "paraphrase" to dynamic equivalence. The concept of metaphrase (i.e., word-for-word translation) is imperfect, because a given
Translation
In mathematics, a Borel equivalence relation on a Polish space X is an equivalence relation on X that is a Borel subset of X × X (in the product topology)
Borel_equivalence_relation
mathematics, a hyperfinite equivalence relation on a standard Borel space X is a Borel equivalence relation E with countable classes, that can, in a certain
Hyperfinite equivalence relation
Hyperfinite_equivalence_relation
Princple in cell biology
According to the principle of nuclear equivalence, the nuclei of essentially all differentiated adult cells of an individual are genetically (though not
Nuclear_equivalence
Mathematical notion
This notion generalizes equivalence of norms to arbitrary metric spaces. Throughout the article, X {\displaystyle X} will denote a non-empty set and d 1
Equivalence_of_metrics
Continuous deformation between two continuous functions
\end{aligned}}} Given two topological spaces X and Y, a homotopy equivalence between X and Y is a pair of continuous maps f : X → Y and g : Y → X, such
Homotopy
Theorem in electromagnetism
is also known as field equivalence principle, Huygens' equivalence principle or simply as the equivalence principle. Being a more rigorous reformulation
Surface_equivalence_principle
Mathematical symbol of equality
conditional statements ("if x = 2, then ..."), or to express a universal equivalence ("(x + 1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1"). The first important computer programming
Equals_sign
Abstract mathematics relationship
In category theory, a branch of abstract mathematics, an equivalence of categories is a relation between two categories that establishes that these categories
Equivalence_of_categories
Concept in auction theory
Revenue equivalence is a concept in auction theory that states that given certain conditions, any mechanism that results in the same outcomes (i.e. allocates
Revenue_equivalence
In the study of permutations and permutation patterns, Wilf equivalence is an equivalence relation on permutation classes. Two permutation classes are
Wilf_equivalence
Equivalence relation on rings
In abstract algebra, Morita equivalence is a relationship defined between rings that preserves many ring-theoretic properties. More precisely, two rings
Morita_equivalence
Logical connective
true or both are false. The connective is biconditional (a statement of material equivalence), and can be likened to the standard material conditional
If_and_only_if
Food safety testing method
substantial equivalence holds that the safety of a new food, particularly one that has been genetically modified (GM), may be assessed by comparing it with a similar
Substantial_equivalence
Question in theoretical computer science
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, the equivalence problem is the question of determining, given two representations of formal
Equivalence_problem
Mathematical equivalence relation
different choices of a single basis of V, used both for initial vectors and their images. Matrix equivalence is an equivalence relation on the space
Matrix_equivalence
Mathematical statement of uniqueness, except for an equivalent structure
mathematical objects a and b are called "equal up to an equivalence relation R" if a and b are related by R, or, in notation, if aRb holds. Since a is related to
Up_to
Topics referred to by the same term
Quasi-equivalence could refer to Weak equivalence (homotopy theory) Quasi-isometry Quasi-isomorphism The Caspar-Klug theory of viral capsids. This disambiguation
Quasi-equivalence
Cell population in developmental biology
An equivalence group is a set of unspecified cells that have the same developmental potential or ability to adopt various fates. Our[who?] current understanding
Equivalence_group
Probabilistic optimal control
centralized systems with only additive uncertainty is the certainty equivalence property: that the optimal control solution in this case is the same
Stochastic_control
The equivalence number method is a cost calculation method for co-production in cost and activity accounting. The resulting costs of the input factors
Equivalence_number_method
Concept in model theory
unbounded dense linear ordering. This is sufficient to ensure elementary equivalence, because the theory of unbounded dense linear orderings is complete,
Elementary_equivalence
EU assessment of third country financial regulations
services. The principle of equivalence is materialised through an equivalence decision issued by the European Commission to a targeted country that it judges
Equivalence in financial services
Equivalence_in_financial_services
Region in spacetime from which nothing can escape
In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary in spacetime beyond which no signal can ever reach a given observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term
Event_horizon
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from special relativity, has been called
Albert_Einstein
sciences system equivalence is the behavior of a parameter or component of a system in a way similar to a parameter or component of a different system
System_equivalence
Generalization of equivalence classes to scheme theory
mathematics, given a category C, a quotient of an object X by an equivalence relation f : R → X × X {\displaystyle f:R\to X\times X} is a coequalizer for
Quotient by an equivalence relation
Quotient_by_an_equivalence_relation
Model structure on the category of simplicial sets
simplicial sets called fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences, which fulfill the properties of a model structure. Its fibrant objects are all ∞-categories
Joyal_model_structure
Theorem in numerical analysis
In numerical analysis, the Lax equivalence theorem is a fundamental theorem in the analysis of linear finite difference methods for the numerical solution
Lax_equivalence_theorem
A forwarding equivalence class (FEC) is a term used in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to describe a set of packets with similar or identical characteristics
Forwarding_equivalence_class
Ternary relation analogous to a binary equivalence relation
mathematics, a ternary equivalence relation is a kind of ternary relation analogous to a binary equivalence relation. A ternary equivalence relation is
Ternary_equivalence_relation
Principle in compass and straightedge constructions
compass equivalence theorem is an important statement in compass and straightedge constructions. The tool advocated by Plato in these constructions is a divider
Compass_equivalence_theorem
Model structure on the category of simplicial sets
simplicial sets called fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences, which fulfill the properties of a model structure. Its fibrant objects are all Kan complexes
Kan–Quillen_model_structure
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
languages today are Turing-complete. A related concept is that of Turing equivalence – two computers P and Q are called equivalent if P can simulate Q and
Turing_completeness
Internet adage about Nazi comparisons
proverb asserting: "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one." The law's creator, Mike
Godwin's_law
Equivalency data in the table below is taken from the Ashton "Benzodiazepine Equivalence Table". Not all trade names are listed. An alternative table published
List_of_benzodiazepines
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Einstein in the years 1907–1915. The development of general relativity began with the equivalence principle
Theory_of_relativity
Mathematical theory of the geometry of space and time
physics are the same regardless of the coordinate system used, and the equivalence principle, which states that the effects of gravity are indistinguishable
Curved_spacetime
Operation in music
similar. Transpositional equivalence is a feature of musical set theory. The terms transposition and transposition equivalence allow the concept to be
Transposition_(music)
automorphic equivalence, and regular equivalence. There is a hierarchy of the three equivalence concepts: any set of structural equivalences are also automorphic
Similarity_(network_science)
Way of organizing classes in larger systems
In computer programming, package principles are a way of organizing classes in larger systems to make them more organized and manageable. They aid in
Package_principles
Book by Stephen Wolfram
principle of computational equivalence (PCE): the principle says that systems found in the natural world can perform computations up to a maximal ("universal")
A_New_Kind_of_Science
Operation on the subsets of a set
the reflexive transitive symmetric closure or equivalence closure of a relation is the smallest equivalence relation that contains it. In matroid theory
Closure_(mathematics)
computer science, stuttering equivalence, a relation written as π ∼ s t π ′ {\displaystyle \pi \sim _{st}\pi '} , can be seen as a partitioning of paths π
Stuttering_equivalence
Field-equations in general relativity
redefinitions of the fields. Conformastatic spacetimes Einstein–Hilbert action Equivalence principle Exact solutions in general relativity General relativity resources
Einstein_field_equations
Study of mathematical knots
knot equivalence is to give a precise definition of when two knots should be considered the same even when positioned quite differently in space. A formal
Knot_theory
Indication of the electrical load on a telephone line
The ringer equivalence number (REN) is a telecommunications measure that represents the electrical loading effect of a telephone ringer on a telephone
Ringer_equivalence_number
Mental connection between ideas or mental states
the rabbit. Acquired equivalence is defined as a learning and generalization paradigm in which prior training in stimulus equivalence increases the amount
Association_(psychology)
elements have the same values. Property equivalence is one of the three ways that a metadata registry can store equivalence mappings to other metadata registries
Property_equivalence
Self-contained cartridge loaded with either shot or a solid slug
practice, "dram" equivalence today most commonly equates just to a velocity rating equivalence in feet per second, while assuming lead shot. A secondary impact
Shotgun_cartridge
Iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations
equation A ~ T A ~ x = A ~ T b ~ . {\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}^{T}{\tilde {A}}x={\tilde {A}}^{T}{\tilde {b}}.} Define A = A ~ T A ~ {\displaystyle A={\tilde
Modified_Richardson_iteration
Relationship between programs and proofs
correspondence is a direct relationship between computer programs and mathematical proofs. It is also known as the Curry–Howard isomorphism or equivalence, or the
Curry–Howard_correspondence
Mapping which preserves all topological properties of a given space
are homeomorphic. A self-homeomorphism is a homeomorphism from a topological space onto itself. Being "homeomorphic" is an equivalence relation on topological
Homeomorphism
Mathematical equivalence relation
mathematics, K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}} -equivalence, or contact equivalence, is an equivalence relation between map germs. It was introduced by
K-equivalence
equivalised income using the modified OECD equivalence scale, each member of the household is first given an equivalence value: 1.0 to the first adult; 0.5 to
Equivalisation
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
1937—and, at the same time, he published his first paper, a one-page article called Equivalence of left and right almost periodicity (sent on 23 April)
Alan_Turing
Concept in algebraic topology
a weak equivalence between simplicial sets is a map between simplicial sets that is invertible in some weak sense. Formally, it is a weak equivalence
Weak equivalence between simplicial sets
Weak_equivalence_between_simplicial_sets
In algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, an adequate equivalence relation is an equivalence relation on algebraic cycles of smooth projective varieties
Adequate_equivalence_relation
Philippine universities do not have standard grade equivalence. Different universities have varied equivalence range, while passing grades are subject to imposed
Academic grading in the Philippines
Academic_grading_in_the_Philippines
Unit of cargo capacity
(abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m)
Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit
Special kind of adjunction between categories named after Daniel Quillen
right Quillen functor. It is a consequence of the axioms that a left (right) Quillen functor preserves weak equivalences between cofibrant (fibrant) objects
Quillen_adjunction
Class of units of measurement for explosive energy
detonation velocities Tonne of oil equivalent, a unit of energy almost exactly 10 tonnes of TNT Mass–energy equivalence. The solar constant of the sun is 1370
TNT_equivalent
In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized
Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)
Weak_equivalence_(homotopy_theory)
homeomorphism. It is a rigidity conjecture, asserting that a weak, algebraic notion of equivalence (namely, homotopy equivalence) should imply a stronger, topological
Borel_conjecture
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