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Theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs
The Zanclean flood, or Zanclean deluge, is theorized to have refilled the Mediterranean Sea 5.33 million years ago. This flooding ended the Messinian
Zanclean_flood
Earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene era
The Zanclean is the lowest stage or earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 5.332 ± 0.005 Ma (million years
Zanclean
High-magnitude, low-frequency catastrophic flood involving the sudden release of water
spilling over a dividing ridge into a landlocked basin (e.g., Zanclean flood and Black Sea flood). A smaller scale example would be the Pantai Remis landslide
Outburst_flood
Hypothetical flood scenario
Weichselian Glaciation Zanclean flood – Theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs, flooding of the Mediterranean
Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis
Sea between Africa, Asia, and Europe
years during the Messinian salinity crisis before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago. The history of the Mediterranean region
Mediterranean_Sea
Drying-up of the Mediterranean Sea 5.96–5.33 million years ago
epoch, from 5.96 to 5.33 Ma (million years ago). It ended with the Zanclean flood, when the Atlantic reclaimed the basin. Sediment samples from below
Messinian_salinity_crisis
Rocky cliff on the coast of Realmonte, southern Sicily, Italy
a marine sedimentary unit of Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) age, which were deposited after the Zanclean flood, in which the Mediterranean refilled after having
Scala_dei_Turchi
Seafloor barrier between the Atlantic and Mediterranean
(Camarinal Sill), at a depth of 280 m. Its formation is linked to the Zanclean flood and the termination of the Messinian salinity crisis, when the Mediterranean
Camarinal_Sill
Topics referred to by the same term
Baltic flood may refer to: The Zanclean flood that ended the Messinian salinity crisis 5.33 million years ago The All Saints' Flood of 1304 The 1872 Baltic
Baltic_flood
First epoch of the Neogene Period
and the Mediterranean refilled. That event is referred to as the "Zanclean flood". Also during the early Miocene (specifically the Aquitanian and Burdigalian
Miocene
Landmass consisting of Africa, Asia, and Europe
salinity crisis. Eurasia and Africa were then again separated with the Zanclean Flood around 5.33 million years ago refilling the Mediterranean Sea through
Afro-Eurasia
Long-form xkcd strip by Randall Munroe
basin of the Mediterranean Sea during a supposed recurrence of the Zanclean flood, features two characters journeying uphill to discover where the rising
Time_(xkcd)
Site of the largest known collection of pyramids, in Egypt
Early Pliocene-aged marine transgression potentially linked to the Zanclean flood, which eroded much of the surrounding rock and formed the steep escarpment
Giza_Plateau
Lake in Lombardy, Italy
canyons were subsequently partially filled with sediments during the Zanclean flood and Pliocene epoch, but the deeply incised valley system persisted.
Lake_Como
Region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate
region Mediterranean wine climate Mistrals Ottoman Empire Phoenicia Zanclean flood magdy (2025-01-08). "Landscapes Across the Mediterranean: A Comprehensive
Mediterranean_basin
Spanish scientist (born 1968)
about the catastrophic flooding of the Mediterranean Sea in the recent geological past, an event known as the Zanclean flood. Other scientific contributions
Daniel_Garcia-Castellanos
Lake in Aghios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece
still running spring. The creation of the Mediterranean Sea during the Zanclean Flood left a deep, spring-fed, freshwater lake that overflowed via a small
Lake_Voulismeni
Strait connecting the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
was completely reestablished through the Strait of Gibraltar by the Zanclean flood, and has remained open ever since. The erosion produced by the incoming
Strait_of_Gibraltar
Submerged island in the Strait of Gibraltar
strait was formed, possibly through erosion by inflowing waters of the Zanclean flood. It vanished under the surface approximately 12,000 years ago due to
Spartel
Tsunami, possibly before written history
of pre-Quaternary tsunamis in the Gibraltar Strait area after the Zanclean flooding" (PDF). IX Reunião do Quaternário Ibérico, Faro: 137–140 – via ResearchGate
Paleotsunami
Geological theory of abrupt, severe change
Punctuated equilibrium Supervolcano Uniformitarianism Volcanic winter Zanclean flood Turney, C.S.M.; Brown, H. (2007). "Catastrophic early Holocene sea level
Catastrophism
Mediterranean undersea geological feature
around 640,000 years until a catastrophic flood through the Strait of Gibraltar. Known as the Zanclean flood. After refilling of the western Mediterranean
Malta_Escarpment
Series of science/speculative fiction books by Julian May
filling of the Mediterranean, based on the geological event known as the Zanclean Flood, form a Wagnerian climax to The Golden Torc, in which aliens and time-traveling
Saga_of_Pliocene_Exile
Very large wave created by a large, sudden displacement of material into a body of water
Chile. Reservoir-induced seismicity at the end of or shortly after the Zanclean Flood (ca. 5.33 million years ago), which rapidly filled the Mediterranean
Megatsunami
Lowest limit for erosion processes
courses of rivers creating rias. This happened in the Nile during the Zanclean flood when its lower course became, in a relatively short time, a large estuary
Base_level
Extinct genus of giant rabbit
Peninsula, letting Nuralagus's ancestor colonize the area. The subsequent Zanclean flood 5.3 million years ago then returned the Mediterranean to its original
Nuralagus
Seafloor barrier restricting water movement between basins
the Mediterranean Sea experienced a near-complete drought. During the Zanclean Flood that followed, two deep channels (Canal Norte and Sur) were scoured
Aquatic_sill
Prehistoric shallow inland sea in Eurasia
Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean Zanclean flood – Theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene
Paratethys
of pre-Quaternary tsunamis in the Gibraltar Strait area after the Zanclean flooding" (PDF). IX Reunião do Quaternário Ibérico, Faro: 137–140 – via ResearchGate
List_of_tsunamis
System that relates geologic strata to time
Earliest humans appear. 3.6 * Zanclean Straits of Gibraltar form as Atlantic waters flood the Mediterranean Sea basin (Zanclean flood). Global climate continues
Geologic_time_scale
Extinct genus of mammals
Balearics. Later on, the re-opening of the straits and the resultant Zanclean flood, which refilled the Mediterranean at the beginning of the Pliocene around
Myotragus
Extinct genus of shrew native to the Balearic Islands
isolated on the island when the Mediterranean refilled as result of the Zanclean Flood around 5.3 million years ago, at the beginning of the Pliocene. Nesiotites
Nesiotites
split. c. 5.5 Ma – Appearance of the genus Ardipithecus c. 5.33 Ma – Zanclean flood: the Strait of Gibraltar opens for the last (and current) time and water
Timeline_of_Earth
Extinct genus of giant dormice
following the reopening of the Straits of Gibraltar and the resulting Zanclean flood which refilled the Mediterranean approximately 5.3 million years ago
Hypnomys
Continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus
Representative continental flood basalts (also known as traps) and oceanic plateaus, together forming a listing of large igneous provinces: List of Oceanic
List of flood basalt provinces
List_of_flood_basalt_provinces
Cenozoic eutropical subsea
Messinian salinity crisis or dry Mediterranean. It was replenished with the Zanclean flood which raised the world-wide sea level 10 meters or 33 feet. Period:
Choctaw_Sea
Species of lizard
lizards, especially during the time period preceding and around the Zanclean flood. Podarcis virescens has been used in studies on lizard body temperatures
Podarcis_virescens
Cenozoic eutropical subsea
Messinian salinity crisis or dry Mediterranean. It was replenished with the Zanclean flood which raised the worldwide sea level 10 meters or 33 feet. The Charlotte
Okeechobean_Sea
Second epoch of the Neogene Period
Piacenzian (3.60–2.58 Ma) Zanclean (5.33–3.60 Ma) The Piacenzian is sometimes referred to as the Late Pliocene, whereas the Zanclean is referred to as the
Pliocene
Geologic formation
formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Tortonian to Zanclean stages (Hemphillian) of the Neogene period. It is confined to the Arlington
Alkali_Canyon_Formation
Second geologic period in the Cenozoic Era
Pliocene Epoch is subdivided into two ages: Piacenzian Age, preceded by Zanclean Age The Miocene Epoch is subdivided into six ages: Messinian Age, preceded
Neogene
Species of mammal
mostly on ants or termites (myrmecophagy). In areas that experience regular flooding, like the Pantanal and the Venezuelan-Colombian Llanos, anteaters mainly
Giant_anteater
Species of reptile
low cases from 75 to 106 days), the loss of eggs is often high due to flooding and occasionally to predation. As in all crocodilians, the sex of the hatchlings
Saltwater_crocodile
Fernàndez, M., Vergés, J., De Vicente, R. (10 December 2009) Catastrophic flood of the Mediterranean after the Messinian salinity crisis, Nature 462, pp
List of waterfalls by flow rate
List_of_waterfalls_by_flow_rate
Thrust belt
ago, corresponding to the Ruscinian faunal unit. It is equivalent to the Zanclean and the lower Plaisancian. Gidon, Maurice (November 6, 2016). "Les chaînons
Geology_of_the_Jura_Massif
Geologic formation from Central Java
belonging to this group were discovered in an accumulated sediment deposit in a flood-controlling canal near the Solo River, including a series of hominin crania
Kabuh_Formation
Largest endorheic basin in Africa
separated from it by a sequence of grey to bluish-grey clays from the Zanclean, is a second aquifer at a depth of 240 to 380 metres (790 to 1,250 ft)
Chad_Basin
Geologic formation in Venezuela
braided rivers alongside a series of other environments. Swamps, ponds and flooded areas for instance are also possible and may have been home to armored
San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela
San_Gregorio_Formation,_Venezuela
Extinct hominid from the Pliocene of East Africa
anthropologists James Louis Aronson and Taieb suggested they were killed in a flash flood. British archaeologist Paul Pettitt considered natural causes unlikely and
Australopithecus_afarensis
the fossil record of the Mediterranean marine biota from the Tortonian-Zanclean, providing evidence of changes in the taxonomic diversity indicative of
2024_in_paleontology
Pleistocene period. Sea levels rose again in the early Pliocene, during the Zanclean period (c. 5.3-3.6 MYA). The southern part of the Aksu Basin was submerged
Aksu_Basin
megaflood from the western to the eastern Mediterranean Sea in the Pliocene (Zanclean), at the end of the Messinian salinity crisis, is identified in the western
2018_in_paleontology
ZANCLEAN FLOOD
ZANCLEAN FLOOD
Boy/Male
Tamil
Flood
Boy/Male
Australian, Irish, Scottish
Son of Leander; Son of the Servant of John
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone living on the banks of any of the several rivers so called. The river name is of British origin; it may be composed of the unattested elements tri ‘through’, ‘across’ + sant- ‘travel’, ‘journey’; alternatively it may mean ‘traveler’ or ‘trespasser’, a reference to frequent flooding. There is a village in Dorset of this name, on the river Trent or Piddle, and the surname may therefore also be a habitational name derived from this.Scottish : probably of the same origin as 1, though in some cases it may be from a reduced form of Tranent, a place in East Lothian.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Great Bolas in Shropshire, named in Old English with an unidentified first element (possibly an unattested word bogel meaning ‘bend in a river’) + wæsse ‘land beside a river liable to flood’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a washerman, Anglo-Norman French laver (an agent derivative of Old French laver ‘to wash’, Latin lavare).English : habitational name from High, Little or Magdalen Laver in Essex, named from Old English lagu ‘flood’, ‘water’ + fær ‘passage’, ‘crossing’.English : topographic name for someone living where bulrushes or irises grew, Old English lǣfer.
Boy/Male
English
From the flooding brook.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from either of two places called Braham, in Cambridgeshire and West Yorkshire, both probably named with Old English brÅm ‘broom’ + hÄm ‘homestead’ or hamm ‘flood plain’, ‘water meadow’.Jewish : reduced variant of Abraham.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Guest.South German (Güss) : topographic name for someone who lived near a torrent or on a flood plain, from Middle High German güsse ‘flood’, ‘flooding’.German : variant of Geis.
Boy/Male
Gaelic Scottish
Son of the handsome man.
Surname or Lastname
Irish (County Cork)
Irish (County Cork) : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Murthuile, ‘descendant of Murthuile’, a personal name from murthuile ‘sea tide’ (muir ‘sea’ + tuile ‘tide’, ‘flood’).Irish (Donegal and Mayo) : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Murghaile ‘descendant of Murghal’, a personal name from muir ‘sea’ + gal ‘valor’.English : possibly of Irish origin, but it occurs chiefly in southwestern counties, suggesting that it may be a variant of the habitational name Morley, from Moreleigh in Devon.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Colored animal, Huge flood, Dyer
Surname or Lastname
English, German, Dutch, French (Noé, Noë), Spanish (Noé), Catalan (Noè)
English, German, Dutch, French (Noé, Noë), Spanish (Noé), Catalan (Noè) : from the Biblical personal name Noach ‘Noah’, which means ‘comfort’ in Hebrew. According to the Book of Genesis, Noah, having been forewarned by God, built an ark into which he took his family and representatives of every species of animal, and so was saved from the flood that God sent to destroy the world because of human wickedness. The personal name was not common among non-Jews in the Middle Ages, but the Biblical story was an extremely popular subject for miracle plays. In many cases, therefore, the surname probably derives from a nickname referring to someone who had played the part of Noah in a miracle play or pageant, rather than from a personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; possibly a nickname for someone with thick curly hair, from Old French floc ‘stable of wool’. Alternatively, it may be a metonymic occupational name for a shepherd, from Old English flocc ‘herd’, ‘company’.German : unexplained.German (Flöck) : variant of Flück (see Fluck), or from a pet form of a personal name formed with Old Saxon flÅd ‘flood’.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly southwestern England)
English (mainly southwestern England) : variant spelling of Hamm.French : habitational name from any of the various places in northern France (Ardennes, Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Moselle) named with the Germanic word ham ‘meadow in the bend of a river’, ‘water meadow’, ‘flood plain’.Dutch : variant of Hamme.Korean : there is only one Chinese character for the Ham surname. Some sources report that there are sixty different Ham clans, but only the KangnÅng Ham clan can be documented. Although some records have been lost and a few generations are unaccounted for, it is known that the founding ancestor of the Ham clan is Ham Kyu, a KoryÅ general who fought against the Mongol invaders in the thirteenth century. His ancestor, Ham HyÅk, was a Tang Chinese general who stayed in Korea after Tang China helped Shilla unify the peninsula during the seventh century. Another of Ham HyÅk’s ancestors, Ham Shin, accompanied Kim Chu-wÅn, the founding ancestor of the KangnÅng Kim family, to the KangnÅng area, and hence the Ham clan became the KangnÅng Ham clan. The first prominent ancestor from KangnÅng whose genealogy can be verified is Ham Kyu, the KoryÅ general. Accordingly, he is regarded as the KangnÅng Ham clan’s founding ancestor.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a small stream or an intermittent spring (Old English flÅd(e), from flÅwan ‘to flow’).Anglicized form of the Welsh personal name Llwyd (see Lloyd).Irish : translation of various names correctly or erroneously associated with Gaelic tuile ‘flood’ (see Toole).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Giving light, Flood
Boy/Male
Tamil
Giving light, Flood
Boy/Male
Muslim
Flood
Girl/Female
Biblical
Ear of corn, stream or flood.
Boy/Male
Indian
Colored animal, Huge flood, Dyer
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