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Chinese painter
Wu Zuoren (Chinese: 吴作人; pinyin: Wú Zuòrén; Wade–Giles: Wu Tso-jen; 3 November 1908 – 9 April 1997) was a Chinese painter. A native of Jing County, Anhui
Wu_Zuoren
National association for Chinese artists
Wu Zuoren, Huang Xinbo 黄新波 and Cai Ruohong as vice chairmen. After Jiang Feng's death in 1983, the association's standing committee elected Wu Zuoren
China_Artists_Association
1974 Chinese political movement
incident in 1971, Zhou Enlai called back some well-known painters such as Wu Zuoren, Li Keran, and Li Kuchan back to Beijing from the May Seventh Cadre School
Black_Painting_incident
Caves near Dunhuang City, Gansu, China
at the site. The situation improved in 1941 when, following a visit by Wu Zuoren to the site the previous year, the painter Zhang Daqian arrived at the
Mogao_Caves
Art academy in the People's Republic of China
University. The former principals of CAFA include Xu Beihong, Jiang Feng, Wu Zuoren, Gu Yuan, Jin Shangyi, Pan Gongkai, and Fan Di'an. Lin Mao has been the
Central_Academy_of_Fine_Arts
Chinese general (544–496 BC)
other traditional Chinese historians placed him as a minister to King Helü of Wu and dated his lifetime to 544–496 BC. The name Sun Tzu—by which he is more
Sun_Tzu
Concept in Chinese philosophy favouring inaction
Wu wei (traditional Chinese: 無為; simplified Chinese: 无为; pinyin: wúwéi; Jyutping: mou4-wai4) is a concept from ancient Chinese philosophy that literally
Wu_wei
Chinese painter Wu Wei (吳偉, 1459–1508), Chinese painter Wu Zhen (吳鎮, 1280–1354), Chinese painter Wu Zuoren (吴作人, 1908–1997), Chinese painter Paul Wunderlich
List of painters by name beginning with "W"
List_of_painters_by_name_beginning_with_"W"
Chinese novelist and essayist (1881–1936)
scholar-officials in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and was the elder brother of Zhou Zuoren. Although he initially aspired to sit for the imperial examination, his
Lu_Xun
French painter
in North and South China, such as Liu Haisu (刘海粟), Yan Wenliang (颜文樑, Wu Zuoren (吴 作人), Li Keran (李可染), Lin Fengmian (林风眠) ), Lu Yanshao (陆俨少), Guan Shanyue
Christian_Lu
Chinese painter (1914–1973)
Consultative Conference. In 1962 he set up a studio in the Academy with Wu Zuoren and Luo Gongliu. In 1969, he was politically persecuted and made to perform
Dong_Xiwen
City in Anhui, China
to Soviet Union after the establishment of People's Republic of China Wu Zuoren (1908–1997): painter, former principal of the China Central Academy of
Xuancheng
Chunmao, Yang ChunxiaYang Fumin, Wu Yuanfu, Wu Yinxian, Wu Zhonghua, Wu Zuoren, Wu Chunshan, Wu Huanxing, Wu Jihua, Wu De, Wu Defeng, He Shengxiang, He Houwen
Beijing delegation to the National People's Congress
Beijing_delegation_to_the_National_People's_Congress
Shih Fan 無準師範 无準师範 1178–1249 Wú Zhēngyàn Wu Cheng Yen 吳爭豔 吴争艳 1980- Wú Zuòrén Wu Tso-jen 吳作人 吴作人 1908–1997 Xi Gang Hsi Kang 奚岡 奚冈 1644 Qing dynasty Xià
List_of_Chinese_painters
Chinese artist (1970–2018)
Shu-Fang Hsiao Art Fund Award for Outstanding Female Artist given by Wu Zuoren International Foundation of Fine Arts. In 2010, she was awarded the Youth
Cui_Xiuwen
Indian painter (1929–2007)
great maestros Qi Baishi, Li Keran, Chen Banding, Pan Tianshou, Wu Jingding, Wu Zuoren, Li Kuchan, Fu Baoshi, Yu Fei'an, executed numerous artworks jointly
Beohar_Rammanohar_Sinha
University. Retrieved 14 December 2025. Liu, Guoxin; He, Yaomin; Liu, Xiao; Wu, Li (February 2010). 中华人民共和国史 长编 第3卷 1966-1978 [The History of the People's
Henan delegation to the National People's Congress
Henan_delegation_to_the_National_People's_Congress
British biochemist, historian and sinologist (1900–1995)
Republic of China, and met numerous Chinese scholars, including the painter Wu Zuoren, and the meteorologist Zhu Kezhen, who later sent crates of books to him
Joseph_Needham
Belgian painter (1873–1955)
mandate from September 1935 to September 1938. Among his students was Wu Zuoren (Wu Tso-jen), who would become head of the China Central Academy of Fine
Alfred_Bastien
Chinese general (440–381 BC)
Wu Qi (simplified Chinese: 吴起; traditional Chinese: 吳起; pinyin: Wú Qǐ; Wade–Giles: Wu Ch'i, 440–381 BC) was a Warring States period Chinese military general
Wu_Qi
Chinese artist
renowned painters such as Xu Beihong, Li Keran, Li Kuchan, Li Hua, and Wu Zuoren. Xu Beihong, the principal of the art school, once stated, "Wang Nong
Wang_Nong
Chinese documentary director (born 1968)
Scholars. People featured in these shows included the artists Zhu Qizhan and Wu Zuoren, masters such as Gao Gongbo and Li Bosheng, and scholars like Ji Xianlin
Zhou_Bing
Chinese painter (born 1945)
Central Academy of Fine Arts, studying paint under Li Keran, Li Kuchan, and Wu Zuoren. He became president of the China Artists Association in 2008, and served
Liu_Dawei
Clothing of the Ancient Kingdom of Shu
information on ancient Shu costume. Shu clothing's right over left lapel closing (zuoren) was considered "very strange" by Yang Xiong, a 1st-century BC author from
Clothing_in_ancient_Shu
Qiang, Yang Xinpei, Yang Min, Yang You, Wu Zuoren, Wu Lengxi, Wu Asi, Wu Ruoan, Wu Miaoqiang, Wu Zhaoguang, Wu Yaozong, Qiu Bohong, Ying Zhongfa, Wang
Shanghai delegation to the National People's Congress
Shanghai_delegation_to_the_National_People's_Congress
School in China
party and state leader. Yuan Weimin, made contributions to Chinese sport. Wu Zuoren Lu Wenfu President Yu Liang, of China Vanke Co. The others are Shanghai
Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province
Suzhou_High_School_of_Jiangsu_Province
Chinese classic text
to sharpen the point. Wu wei, literally 'non-action' or 'not acting', is a central concept of the Dào Dé Jīng. The concept of wu wei is multifaceted, and
Tao_Te_Ching
Chinese scholar (1613–1682)
of Ku Yen-wu and the Manchu Conquest (PhD thesis). University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0095863. Johnston, Ian (1991). Ku Yen-wu's Record of
Gu_Yanwu
Form of public humiliation and torture
suicide after being humiliated and "struggled against". Meanwhile, Zhou Zuoren requested euthanasia from the local police after being harassed by Red Guards
Struggle_session
Concepts in Chinese philosophy
Wén (Chinese: 文) and wǔ (Chinese: 武) are a conceptual pair in Chinese philosophy and political culture describing opposition and complementarity of civil
Wen_and_wu
blues musician. Stevo Teodosievski, 72, Macedonian artist and humanist. Wu Zuoren, 88, Chinese painter. Bèto Adriana, 71, Antillean sportsman and Olympian
Deaths_in_April_1997
31 — Dorothy Liu, Hong Kong pro-Beijing politician (b. 1934) April 9 — Wu Zuoren, painter (b. 1908) April 11 — Wang Xiaobo, novelist and essayist (b. 1952)
1997_in_China
Surname list
Committee Zhou Youguang (1906–2017), Chinese linguist and sinologist Zhou Zuoren, writer, brother of Lu Xun Zhou Zhennan, rapper, singer, songwriter and
Zhou_(surname)
Semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism
to sharpen the point. Wu wei, literally 'non-action' or 'not acting', is a central concept of the Dào Dé Jīng. The concept of wu wei is multifaceted, and
Laozi
Chinese philosopher (c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)
experienced setback immediately following the Qin conquest. Under Emperor Wu of Han, Confucius's ideas received official sanction, with affiliated works
Confucius
Chinese educator and statesman (1868–1940)
the next year, and became a member of the Chinese anarchist group led by Wu Zhihui, and Li Shizeng. He studied philosophy, psychology, and art history
Cai_Yuanpei
Post-classical Chinese philosophy bringing together Taoist and Confucian beliefs
definitions, doctrines, and rules set by previous philosophers. The concept of Wú is central to Xuanxue. It is translated as "nothing", "nothingness", "non-being"
Xuanxue
Chinese student's magazine (1919–1922)
(11 articles) Wu Kang (吳康, 10 articles) He Siyuan (9 articles) Jiang Shaoyuan [zh] (8 articles) Pan Jiaxun [zh] (7 articles) Zhou Zuoren (6 articles) Xu
New_Tide
Qin State statesman, chancellor and reformer (c. 390–338 BC)
as a legal one. The Shang Yang school of thought was favoured by Emperor Wu of Han, and John Keay mentions that Tang figure Du You was drawn to Shang
Shang_Yang
Form of Chinese upper garment
Chinese could also be found wearing zuoren clothing. It was also common for the Han Chinese women to adopt zuoren under the reign of foreign nationalities
Ru_(upper_garment)
Philosophical concept native to China
between wu (void or emptiness, in the sense of wuji) and the natural, dynamic balance between opposites, leading to its central principle of wu wei (inaction
Tao
Religious and philosophical tradition
existence. Taoist ethics generally emphasize virtues of effortless action (Wu wei), naturalness, simplicity, and the three treasures of compassion, frugality
Taoism
Generic term for non-Han Chinese clothing
in a style known as zuoren (左衽). According to the Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字), a form of paofu, known as xi (襲), was a robe with a zuoren closure. The coat known
Hufu
List of pro-democracy activists from China
Lü Gengsong Ni Yulan Owen Chow Peng Lifa Qin Yongmin Tan Zuoren Tony Chung Wang Bingzhang Wu Chi-wai Xu Zhiyong Yu Wensheng Zhao Changqing Agnes Chow
List of Chinese pro-democracy activists
List_of_Chinese_pro-democracy_activists
Chinese astrological system using star positions in a twelve-palace chart
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Zi_Wei_Dou_Shu
Collection of ancient Chinese texts written between the 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE
朴子》：“老子，无为者也，鬼谷，终隐者也，而著其书，咸论世务。何必身居其位，然后乃言其事乎” zh:仙佛奇蹤 – via Wikisource. Wu, Hui (2016). Guiguzi, China's First Treatise on Rhetoric: A Critical Translation
Guiguzi
Chinese philosophy during the Eastern Zhou
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Hundred_Schools_of_Thought
Confucian political concept
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Rectification_of_names
Confucian teaching
Confucianism. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. p. 522. Thacker, Tod Cameron (2003b). "Wu chang 五常 (Five constant virtues)". In Yao, Xinzhong (ed.). Encyclopedia of
Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues
Three_Fundamental_Bonds_and_Five_Constant_Virtues
Chinese astrological and calendrical destiny calculation system
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Four_Pillars_of_Destiny
Chinese Logician (c. 320 – 250 BC)
Gongsun Long Zi reads: Heaven, earth, and their products are all things [物 wu]. When things possess the characteristics of things without exceeding them
Gongsun_Long
Chinese founder of Yangist philosophy (440–c.360 BC)
Philosophical Argument in Ancient China. Open Court. ISBN 0-8126-9087-7. Liu, Wu-Chi (1967). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 8. Macmillan. Maspero, Henri
Yang_Zhu
Leader of China from 1949 to 1976
Hunan, first crossing the Xiang River after heavy fighting, and then the Wu River, in Guizhou where they took Zunyi in January 1935. Temporarily resting
Mao_Zedong
1923 Chinese children's book
the "special world of children" that had been advanced by Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren in essays. Farquhar finds similarities in "The Thrush" and Hans Christian
The Scarecrow (children's book)
The_Scarecrow_(children's_book)
Chinese cosmologist, philosopher and writer (1017–1073)
(supreme polarity) and Wuji (limitless potential), the yin and yang, and the wu xing (the five phases). Born in 1017 in Yingdao County, Daozhou prefecture
Zhou_Dunyi
Various philosophical traditions of Taoism
action"), zìrán (lit. 'self-so', "natural authenticity"), qì ("spirit"), wú ("non-being"), wújí ("non-duality"), tàijí ("polarity") and yīn-yáng (lit
Taoist_philosophy
Cosmological dualism in Chinese philosophy
principles of yin and yang applied to the human body and an animal body. Wu Jianquan, a famous Chinese martial arts teacher, described tai chi (taijiquan)
Yin_and_yang
Chinese essayist, poet and scholar (1898–1948)
and Lamplight (槳聲燈影裡的秦淮河), was warmly received on publication, and Zhou Zuoren reportedly praised it as a model of artistic vernacular prose. In March
Zhu_Ziqing
Chinese military strategist and philosopher
died and his son Ying Dang, known as King Wu ascended the throne. Zhang Yi was not satisfied with King Wu of Qin State, so he left Qin for Wei where
Zhang Yi (Warring States period)
Zhang_Yi_(Warring_States_period)
Chinese Taoist text
free oneself from worldly impingements through a principle of 'inaction' (wu wei)—action that is not based in purposeful striving or motivated by potential
Zhuangzi_(book)
1st-century BC Chinese politician and philosopher
scholars Shen Pei and Fu Sheng. Kong also served in the court of Emperor Wu of Han as the Grand Master of Remonstrance (諫大夫). According to tradition,
Kong_Anguo
Qin dynasty politician (c. 280 – 208 BC)
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Li_Si
Imperial bureau of astronomy, calendar, and divination in China
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Qintianjian
Chinese politician and biologist (1888–1984)
Chinese politician and biologist, and the younger brother of Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren. Zhou advocated the use of birth control as a way to alleviate overpopulation
Zhou_Jianren
Prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
Kuomintang soldier and politician, born in Dongpuzhen (東浦鎮), Shaoxing. Zhou Zuoren, 1885–1967, essayist and translator, brother of Lu Xun, born in Shaoxing
Shaoxing
Chinese literary metaphor
implements for polishing mirrors, and used to frequent the market-towns of Wu in order to exhibit his skill in this work. He charged one cash for polishing
Chinese_sun_and_moon_mirrors
Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism collectively
exists the Yin and vice versa". The basis of Daoist philosophy is the idea of "wu wei", often translated as "non-action". In practice, it refers to an in-between
Three_teachings
Neo-Confucianist philosophical school
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Yangmingism
Chinese philosopher and historian (1895–1990)
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Feng_Youlan
4th-century Chinese philosopher and physician
originally from Eastern Wu. His ancestor Ge Xi (葛奚) once served in the high ranking position of Dahonglu (大鸿胪) in Eastern Wu. His great-uncle was Ge Xuan
Ge_Hong
Vital force in traditional Chinese philosophy
Health Science Press. pp. 4, 133.[ISBN missing] Wu, Kung-tsao (2006) [1980]. Wu Style Tai Chi Chuan 吳家太極拳 [Wu Family T'ai Chi Ch'uan]. Chien-ch'uan T'ai-chi
Qi
Series of massacres in Beijing during August 1966; part of the Cultural Revolution
Meanwhile, a number of people, including notable writers Lao She, Zhou Zuoren and Chen Mengjia, committed suicide or attempted suicide after being persecuted
Red_August
Early 20th-century revolt against traditional Chinese values
such as Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, Chen Hengzhe, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, He Dong, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Bing Xin and Hu Shih, many of whom
New_Culture_Movement
Confucian philosopher (c. 371 – c. 289 BC)
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Mencius
Chinese philosopher and statesman (280–233 BC)
coupled with the "two handles" system of punishment and reward, as well as wu wei ('non-exertion'). Han Fei is also known respectfully as Hanzi ('Master
Han_Fei
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
List_of_Chinese_philosophers
Highest Confucian virtue
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Ren_(philosophy)
Ancient Chinese political-philosophy school
greatly influenced by Daoism, and drew inspiration from the Daoist concept of Wu wei (non-action) to describe their ideal of a ruler who retreated from active
Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)
Chinese civil rights lawyer (born 1965)
decision may have been politically motivated. In 2009, Pu represented Tan Zuoren, who documented deaths that occurred as a result of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake
Pu_Zhiqiang
Chinese professor, writer and diplomat
(later "Intimate Portraits"). His subjects included Hu Shih, Wu Mi, Xu Zhimo, Zhou Zuoren, Wellington Koo, Gu Hongming, Han Fuju, Ma Junwu, Mei Lanfang
Wen_Yuan-ning
Chinese philosopher (c.369 – c.286 BC)
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Zhuang_Zhou
Chinese philosopher (179–104 BC)
during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han and rose to high office under Emperor Wu of Han. His relationship with the emperor was uneasy though. At one point
Dong_Zhongshu
Chinese philosopher (1893–1988)
Substance of Chinese Culture. "Contemporary Chinese Thought Vol. 40 No. 3", 2009 Wu Shugang and Tong Binchang, Liang Shuming’s Rural Reconstruction Experiment
Liang_Shuming
Chinese sexologist (1888–1970)
aesthetic works were well received by contemporary academics. The writer Zhou Zuoren, who had critiqued The Way to Organize a Beautiful Society for Zhang prior
Zhang_Jingsheng
Chinese conceptual artist and dissident (born 1957)
Laoma Tihua is a documentary of an incident during Tan Zuoren's trial on 12 August 2009. Tan Zuoren was charged with "inciting subversion of state power"
Ai_Weiwei
Metaphysical theory in Taoism
the "inner" experiences. On this Ge Hong commented that during the Eastern Wu dynasty a man by the name of Jie Xiang (介象) was able to read the talismanic
True_form_(Taoism)
Political doctrine of divine legitimacy in China
rebellion, going as far as denouncing such culture heroes as Tang of Shang and Wu of Zhou, rebels who founded successful empires. By the time of the Han dynasty
Mandate_of_Heaven
Metaphor for humanity's natural state
house tent (esp. with a wooden roof)", written with the "tree radical" and wu 屋 "room; house" phonetic. The "B" text, like the received version, uses pu
Pu_(Taoism)
Chinese writer, inventor, and linguist (1895–1976)
1945–1949) featured essays by writers such as Hu Shih, Lao She, Lu Xun, and Zhou Zuoren. He was one of the figures who introduced the Western concept of humor.
Lin_Yutang
Philosopher of the School of Names
The primary of the Dao is central to the text's model of government, with wu wei being at the forefront. It proposes a sequence of priorities for when
Yin_Wen
Classical Chinese philosophical schools
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Nine_Schools_of_Thought
Historical dress of the Han Chinese people
opposite way in a style called zuoren, the clothing then becomes burial clothing and is therefore considered a taboo. Zuoren is also used by some minority
Hanfu
Xiaoyang (born 1962) Zhou Weihui (born 1973) Zhou Weiliang (1911–1995) Zhou Zuoren (1885–1967) Zhu Qianzhi (1899–1972) Zhu Ziqing (1898–1948) Zhu Xiao Di (born
List_of_Chinese_writers
Historical use of feng shui by the Chinese imperial court and state apparatus
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Feng Shui in the Chinese Imperial Court
Feng_Shui_in_the_Chinese_Imperial_Court
Chinese philosopher and historian (1930–2021)
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Li_Zehou
Academy in Linzi, Qi, China, in the third century BCE
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Jixia_Academy
1st-century Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher
on philosophy, his Jisu ("On Common Morality"), Jeiyi ("Censures"), Zheng wu ("On Government"), and Yangxing shu ("On Macrobiotics"). About eighty of these
Wang_Chong
Ancient Chinese text
Changji Yin Haiguang Yu Dunkang Zhang Dongsun Zhang Shenfu Zhou Guoping Zhou Zuoren Concepts Tao De Fa Jian'ai Jing Jing zuo Li Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
Heguanzi
Key concept in Taoism and East Asian Buddhism
concept of "one's own nature" Slingerland, Edward G. (2003). Effortless action: Wu-wei as conceptual metaphor and spiritual ideal in early China. Oxford: Oxford
Ziran
Chinese ethical and philosophical system
involves "lifelong and sincere devotion to traditional cultural forms" and wu wei, "a state of spontaneous harmony between individual inclinations and the
Confucianism
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