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British-European professor of neuroscience
Wolfram Schultz FRS is a Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge known for his discovery of the neurophysiological dopamine reward signal
Wolfram_Schultz
Heir apparent to the British throne (born 1982)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
William,_Prince_of_Wales
Process of developing strong feelings of attachment and love
been proposed for how addictions begin and perpetuate. A theory by Wolfram Schultz states that rather than encoding reward per se, dopamine encodes a
Falling_in_love
David Roger Jones Owen Richard Edward Passingham Guy Peel Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice S Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2009
List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009
Mechanics of liking and romantic love
been proposed for how addictions begin and perpetuate. A theory by Wolfram Schultz states that rather than encoding reward per se, dopamine encodes a
Reward_theory_of_attraction
Irish neuroscientist
three recipients of the 2017 Brain Prize, along with Peter Dayan and Wolfram Schultz. He is a fellow of the Royal Society, the Academy of Medical Sciences
Raymond_Joseph_Dolan
American neuroscientist
won the Gruber Prize in Neuroscience along with Okihide Hikosaka and Wolfram Schultz. Their work has fundamentally transformed the study of the basal ganglia
Ann_Graybiel
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Henning_Sirringhaus
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
Tungsten is a chemical element; it has symbol W (from German: Wolfram) and atomic number 74. It is a metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively
Tungsten
American mathematician
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Burt_Totaro
Cognitive process
Hypothesis" developed by Neuroscientist Wolfram Schultz, associates dopamine response to reward expectation. Schultz describes phasic timing of dopamine activity
Motivational_salience
British Professor of Mathematical Biology
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Angela_McLean_(biologist)
Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Cambridge (1967–2016)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
David_J._C._MacKay
Okihide Hikosaka (born 1948) Japan National Institutes of Health Wolfram Schultz (born ?) Germany University of Cambridge Davor Solter (born 1941)
List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physiology or Medicine
List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine
American geneticist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Steven_D._Tanksley
British computer scientist (born 1952)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Wendy_Hall
US 2001 David Perrett University of St. Andrews Scotland, UK 2002 Wolfram Schultz University of Cambridge UK 2003 Karl Friston University College London
Golden_Brain_Award
American biochemist and professor of structural biology
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Roger_D._Kornberg
Russian astronomer (born 1943)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Rashid_Sunyaev
Evolution and neuroscience of romantic love
addictions begin and perpetuate. One prominent theory developed by Wolfram Schultz involves a dopamine signal which encodes a reward prediction error
Biology_of_romantic_love
Russian–American mathematician (born 1935)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Yakov_Sinai
British theoretical physicist (born 1949)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
R._Keith_Ellis
Scottish physicist of Polish descent
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
James_Gimzewski
British physicist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Michael_Duff_(physicist)
British computer scientist (1956–2024)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Ross_J._Anderson
Indian-American engineer
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Thomas_Kailath
British geneticist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
John_Hardy_(geneticist)
American biologist (born 1947)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
H._Robert_Horvitz
Canadian astrophysicist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Arthur_B._McDonald
British meteorologist and professor (born 1958)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Keith_Shine
behavior including learning." (selected with Okihide Hikosaka and Wolfram Schultz) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Economic Sciences Janet Currie
List of women Clarivate Citation laureates
List_of_women_Clarivate_Citation_laureates
British chemist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Graham_Hutchings
British physicist (born 1955)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Jonathan_Tennyson_(physicist)
British physicist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Athene_Donald
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Nicholas_Harberd
American scientist and presidential advisor
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
John_Holdren
Scientific field
cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain". In 2017, Wolfram Schultz, Peter Dayan and Ray Dolan were awarded the Brain Prize "for their
Cognitive_neuroscience
British mathematician
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Jonathan_Keating
American economist and Nobel Laureate (born 1943)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Joseph_Stiglitz
Award
Brain Research/MIT), Okihide Hikosaka (National Eye Institute/NIH) and Wolfram Schultz (University of Cambridge) 2019 Joseph S. Takahashi 2020 Friedrich Bonhoeffer
Gruber_Prize_in_Neuroscience
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Karen_Steel
British urban planner
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Michael_Batty
English paleontologist and biologist (1947–2020)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Jenny_Clack
Region of the prefrontal cortex of the brain
Schultz, Wolfram; Tremblay, Leon (2006). "Chapter 7: Involvement of primate orbitofrontal neurons in reward, uncertainty, and learning 173 Wolfram Schultz
Orbitofrontal_cortex
British geneticist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
John_Todd_(British_biologist)
Award
spatial memory and learning" Graham Collingridge Richard G. Morris 2017 Wolfram Schultz "For their multidisciplinary analysis of brain mechanisms that link
The_Brain_Prize
the implications of these discoveries for social cognition." 2019 Wolfram Schultz 2018 Catherine Dulac - "In recognition of her incisive studies of the
Karl_Spencer_Lashley_Award
British microbiologist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Martin_Buck
British computer scientist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Peter_Buneman
British psychologist
Dickinson worked on animal learning at both Sussex and Cambridge), and Wolfram Schultz (with whom Dickinson has worked on the neuronal mechanisms of rewards
Tony_Dickinson
Canadian medical researcher
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Michel_Chrétien
British developmental neuroscientist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Christine_Holt
British chemist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Michael_Ashfold
British geneticist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
David_Glover_(geneticist)
British chemist (born 1963)
Ayme, J. F.; Beves, J. E.; Leigh, D. A.; McBurney, R. T.; Rissanen, K.; Schultz, D. (2011). "A synthetic molecular pentafoil knot". Nature Chemistry. 4
David_Leigh_(scientist)
Australian immunologists (born 1959)
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Chris_Goodnow
Samuel Barnett Schryver 1928-05-10 15 March 1869 – 21 August 1929 Wolfram Schultz 2009-05-15 Henry Edward Schunck 1850-06-06 16 August 1820 – 13 January
List of fellows of the Royal Society S, T, U, V
List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_S,_T,_U,_V
Department of the University of Cambridge
Randall S Johnson Roger Keynes Jenny Morton Ole Paulsen Angela Roberts Wolfram Schultz FRS Azim Surani FRS Roger C Thomas FRS Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz Anatomy
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge
Department_of_Physiology,_Development_and_Neuroscience,_University_of_Cambridge
Giorgio Innocenti 2005–2006 John Aggleton 2003–2004 Susan Sara 2001–2002 Wolfram Schultz 1999–2000 Barry Everitt 1997–1998 Petra Stoerig 1995–1996 Lawrence
European Brain and Behaviour Society
European_Brain_and_Behaviour_Society
British neurobiologist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
John_Nicholas_Wood
British material scientist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Robert_Anthony_Ainsworth
British biochemist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Brian_Hemmings
Australian plant scientist
McDonald Angela McLean David Owen Richard Passingham Guy Richardson Wolfram Schultz Keith Shine Henning Sirringhaus Maurice Skolnick Karen Steel Malcolm
Jeff_Ellis_(plant_scientist)
mutagenesis written by Errol Friedberg, Graham Walker, Wolfram Siede, Richard D. Wood, and Roger Schultz. In its second edition as of 2009, DNA Repair and
DNA_Repair_and_Mutagenesis
Town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Since the 2017/18 season, the team has competed as VfL Lübeck-Schwartau. Wolfram Kühn (born 1952), former Vice Admiral of the German Navy and deputy Inspector
Bad_Schwartau
German politician
Wolfram Dorn (18 July 1924 – 17 June 2014) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and former member of the German Bundestag. From
Wolfram_Dorn
Political party in Greenland
Broberg, Trump's Trojan Horse in Greenland]. Hoy (in Spanish). Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Greenland/Denmark". Retrieved 27 September 2018. Neuman, Scott
Naleraq
German newspaper
Wessels 2002: Wolfram Weimer 2003–2004: Jan-Eric Peters 2004–2018: Carsten Erdmann 2018–2023: Christine Richter 2024–present Peter Schink Schultz, Stefan;
Berliner_Morgenpost
Greenlandic political party
nyde". sermitsiaq.ag (in Danish). Retrieved 25 March 2018. Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Greenland/Denmark". Retrieved 27 September 2018. "Michael Rosing
Cooperation_Party
German politician
Wolfram Dörinkel (September 5, 1907 – November 26, 1975) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and former member of the German Bundestag
Wolfram_Dörinkel
vs Germans 9 Feb Sinking of U-864 British under Launders Germans under Wolfram (U-864) 14 March Sinking of U-174 South Africans (Natal) Germans (U-174)
List_of_naval_battles
Major League Baseball season
Stats, Fantasy & News". MLB.com. Retrieved September 29, 2025. "Paxton Schultz Stats, Fantasy & News". MLB.com. Retrieved September 29, 2025. "Erik Swanson
2025_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season
German-American stage and film actor
(1942) – Patient (uncredited) The Devil with Hitler (1942 short) – Otto Schultz (uncredited) Casablanca (1942) – Man with Expired Papers (uncredited) Margin
Wolfgang_Zilzer
Major League Baseball team season
Lange (7) 27,301 43–39 L1 83 June 29 @ Orioles 5:35 pm 8–2 Taylor (4–1) Wolfram (1–2) ― 17,146 44–39 W1 84 June 30 @ Orioles 5:35 pm 9–3 Fedde (3–6) Gibson
2026_Chicago_White_Sox_season
Love madness or intense infatuation
ISSN 1662-5161. PMC 3413956. PMID 22891055.; also see Poore's dissertation Schultz, Wolfram (2016-03-31). "Dopamine reward prediction error coding". Dialogues
Limerence
Typographical symbol
Exchange. Retrieved 6 June 2020. Weisstein, Eric W. "Prime". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 31 August 2020. "Triatomic Spectral Database - List of Symbols"
Prime_(symbol)
Microbial protein found in Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
PMID 3052269. Friedberg, Errol; Graham C. Walker; Wolfram Siede; Richard D. Wood; Roger A. Schultz; Tom Ellenberger (2006). DNA Repair and Mutagenesis
Ada_(protein)
Middle High German love song tradition
are also noted for their epic poetry, among them Heinrich von Veldeke, Wolfram von Eschenbach and Hartmann von Aue. The earliest texts date from perhaps
Minnesang
Major League Baseball team season
Roupp (2–1) Baz (0–1) — Camden Yards 32,294 6–7 L1 14 April 11 Giants 6–2 Wolfram (1–0) Webb (1–2) — Camden Yards 29,444 7–7 W1 15 April 12 Giants 6–2 Povich
2026_Baltimore_Orioles_season
physician, president of the National Medical Association (1981). Sandra Schultz Newman, 87, American judge, justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court (1996–2006)
Deaths_in_February_2026
Major climatic change and biotic turnover during the Triassic
004. S2CID 135408066. Retrieved 3 December 2022. Li, Liqin; Kürschner, Wolfram M.; Lu, Ning; Chen, Hongyu; An, Pengcheng; Wang, Yongdong (September 2022)
Carnian_pluvial_episode
background on the numbers in this problem, see articles by Eric W. Weisstein at Wolfram MathWorld (all articles accessed 22 August 2024): Euler's Constant Catalan's
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Middle High German medieval romance
garnered by the romances of Hartmann von Aue, Gottfried von Strassburg, or Wolfram von Eschenbach, it was not forgotten by subsequent German authors. Heinrich
Lanzelet
TSV 1860 Munich 2025–26 football season
Qela, Morris Schröter, Raphael Schifferl, Jesper Verlaat and Maximilian Wolfram were all leaving the club upon the expiry of their contracts at the end
2025–26 TSV 1860 Munich season
2025–26_TSV_1860_Munich_season
Major League Baseball team season
(5–3) Rogers (4–2) Palencia (15) 40,520 64–45 W2 110 August 2 Orioles 3–4 Wolfram (2–0) Thielbar (2–3) Akin (1) 40,781 64–46 L1 111 August 3 Orioles 5–3
2025_Chicago_Cubs_season
President of Germany from 1925 to 1934
2014, p. 42. Wheeler-Bennett 1967, p. 243. Dorpalen 1964, p. 355. Pyta, Wolfram (2014). "Hindenburg and the German Right". In Jones, Larry Eugene (ed.)
Paul_von_Hindenburg
Comparison of a large range of energies
- Wolfram|Alpha". www.wolframalpha.com. Retrieved 4 January 2024. "1.386 billion km^3 * 1024kg/1m^3 * (2257J+4.19*(100-20)cal)/g - Wolfram|Alpha"
Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)
German cultural critic, philosopher and social critic (1892–1940)
postdoctoral project (Duns Scotus: Theory of Categories and Meaning). Wolfram Eilenberger writes that Benjamin's plan was "to legitimize [his theory
Walter_Benjamin
12th-century Swiss writer
subsequent German writers than his contemporaries Hartmann von Aue and Wolfram von Eschenbach. However, Heinrich von dem Türlin incorporated material
Ulrich_von_Zatzikhoven
Dirscherl Bijan Djir-Sarai René Domke Patrick Döring Wolfgang Döring Wolfram Dörinkel Wolfram Dorn Otto Dowidat Walter Drechsel Christian Dürr Hartmut Ebbing
List of German Free Democratic Party politicians
List_of_German_Free_Democratic_Party_politicians
First planet from the Sun
1038/2061240a0. S2CID 31525579. "Mercury". Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy. Wolfram Research. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved April
Mercury_(planet)
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
Retrieved November 13, 2024. Davis, Lucas; Gertler, Paul; Jarvis, Stephen; Wolfram, Catherine (July 2021). "Air conditioning and global inequality". Global
Air_conditioning
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
Reinforcement Learning in Parkinsonism," Science 4, November 2004 Schultz, Wolfram (1998). "Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons". The Journal
Operant_conditioning
Geometric transformation that preserves lines but not angles nor the origin
Eric W. "Affine Transformation". MathWorld. Affine Transform by Bernard Vuilleumier, Wolfram Demonstrations Project. Affine Transformation with MATLAB
Affine_transformation
September 6, 2007 (2007-09-06) 141A 144b 9b "Spoiled Rotten!" Peter K. Hirsch & Wolfram Breuer Stéfanie Gignac September 6, 2007 (2007-09-06) 140A 145 10 "Big
List_of_Arthur_episodes
Weather phenomenon involving electrostatic discharge
Verlagsgesellschaft. Ruhnke, Lothar H. (June 7, 2007) "Death notice: Heinz Wolfram Kasemir[link removed]". Physics Today. Stephan, Karl (March 3, 2016). "The
Lightning
Major League Baseball team season
Bradish (6–9) Cameron (5–7) — 28,958 38–58 L4 97 July 12 @ Orioles 2–8 Wolfram (2–2) Strahm (3–3) — 31,355 38–59 L5 96th All-Star Game in Philadelphia
2026 Kansas City Royals season
2026_Kansas_City_Royals_season
Chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963
(2023): 139–160. Hanrieder, Wolfram F. Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy (1989) Hanrieder, Wolfram F. West German Foreign Policy
Konrad_Adenauer
Danish poet, novelist and playwright (1865–1932)
hellige Antonios Fristelser) in 1904. In 1917 he authored a translation of Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival. Between 1924 and 1928 he released a translation
Sophus_Michaëlis
Hypothesis in neuroscience
PMC 3252266. PMID 22241972. Fiorillo, Christopher D.; Tobler, Philippe N.; Schultz, Wolfram (2003). "Discrete Coding of Reward Probability and Uncertainty by Dopamine
Free_energy_principle
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