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A wetting transition (Cassie–Wenzel transition) may occur during the process of wetting of a solid (or liquid) surface with a liquid. The transition corresponds
Wetting_transition
Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface
Wetting is the ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface by displacing another substance or material – either a gas, or other liquid
Wetting
Physical law in fluid mechanics
Hydrophobicity of pennae, Cassie–Baxter wetting hypothesis and Cassie–Wenzel capillarity-induced wetting transition". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Cassie's_law
American scientist (1928–2016)
of wetting: the interaction between a liquid in contact with a solid surface. This paper laid out a simple formulation for describing the wetting transition—the
John_W._Cahn
A wetting layer is an monolayer of atoms that is epitaxially grown on a flat surface. The atoms forming the wetting layer can be semimetallic elements/compounds
Wetting_layer
Israeli physicist
(2007-06-01). "Cassie−Wenzel Wetting Transition in Vibrating Drops Deposited on Rough Surfaces: Is the Dynamic Cassie−Wenzel Wetting Transition a 2D or 1D Affair
Edward_Bormashenko
Physical process
Electrowetting is the modification of the wetting properties of a surface (which is typically hydrophobic) with an applied electric field. The electrowetting
Electrowetting
Israeli science and technology award
separation – spinodal decomposition, his basic contribution to wetting and wetting transition and fundamental studies of interfaces and quasi-periodic crystals
Harvey_Prize
Class of chemical compounds
oil additives, wood preservatives, insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, wetting agents, thickening agent, and oil drying agents. Industrially useful naphthenates
Transition metal carboxylate complex
Transition_metal_carboxylate_complex
German biophysicist (1934–2024)
PMID 18301506. Sackmann, E.; Bruinsma, R. F. (2002). "Cell Adhesion as Wetting Transition?". ChemPhysChem. 3 (3): 262–9. doi:10.1002/1439-7641(20020315)3:3<262::AID-CPHC262>3
Erich_Sackmann
Technique used to study the properties of some materials
Material characterization Sessile drop technique Surface energy Wetting Wetting transition Mohammadi-Jam, S.; Waters, K.E. (2014). "Inverse gas chromatography
Inverse_gas_chromatography
and the theory of bicontinuous structures, enhanced oil recovery, wetting transition, cryogenic electron microscopy, Galerkin weighted residuals in finite
L._E._Scriven
20-volume series of books on physics
ISBN 0122203127 'Wetting Phenomena', by S. Dietrich. 'The Domain Wall Theory of Two-Dimensional Commensurate-Incommensurate Phase Transition', by M. P. M
Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
Phase_Transitions_and_Critical_Phenomena
Electrical component that can break an electrical circuit
roughness and contact pressure, determine the contact resistance, and wetting current of a mechanical switch. Sometimes the contacts are plated with
Switch
Russian-American mechanical engineer
at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee are the observation of wetting transitions in underwater oleophobic metallic surfaces, an explanation of why
Michael_Nosonovsky
model West number Wet-bulb temperature Wetted aspect ratio (wing) Wetting Wetting transition Weyl's postulate Weyl curvature hypothesis Weyl equation Weyl
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
Coating used on PCBs
moisture resistance High dielectric strength Low surface energy for better wetting Poly-Para-Xylylene (Parylene) Excellent uniformity regardless of part geometry
Conformal_coating
Ritual reflecting change of social status
of Spartan education. Ephebeia, a training period for young Athenians Wetting-down. In the U.S. Navy and Royal Navy, is a ceremony in which a naval officer
Rite_of_passage
Framework to describe phase transitions
superconductivity, superfluidity, topological phase transition, wetting as well as non-equilibrium phase transitions. A SFT is any model in statistical mechanics
Statistical_field_theory
Thermodynamic phase transition energy
Franklin and fellow scientist John Hadley experimented by continually wetting the ball of a mercury thermometer with ether and using bellows to evaporate
Latent_heat
known as wetting phenomena, which is important to characterize the capillary (pore) intrusion behavior. Degree of membrane surface wetting is determined
Synthetic_membrane
Chemical compound
nanotubes with molten lead, antimony or bismuth iodide salt by a capillary wetting process, resulting in PbI2@WS2, SbI3@WS2 or BiI3@WS2 core–shell nanotubes
Tungsten_disulfide
Concept in switch design
without current or below the wetting current (i.e., “Dry”) and “electrical life” is based on operating above the wetting current (i.e., “Wet”). These
Contact_protection
Electrical circuit component
during the transition, is make-before-break or M-B-B.[citation needed] Contact bounce Latching relay Line splice Wetting current Wetting voltage Relay
Electrical_contact
Form of thermoplastic adhesive
noticeable properties. Influences the spread of applied adhesive, and the wetting of the surfaces. Temperature-dependent, higher temperature lowers viscosity
Hot-melt_adhesive
Retraction of a fluid from a surface it was forced to cover
cover. The opposite process—spreading of a liquid on a substrate—is called wetting. The factor determining the spontaneous spreading and dewetting for a drop
Dewetting
Electrical resistance attributed to contacting interfaces
a major cause of the failure of electrical equipment. Contact cleaner Wetting current Shockley, William (September 1964). "Research and investigation
Contact_resistance
Fluid secreted from sudoriferous glands
horses, such cooling sweat is created by apocrine glands and contains a wetting agent, the protein latherin which transfers from the skin to the surface
Perspiration
Alloy used to join metal pieces
addition of tin—more expensive than lead—improves wetting properties of the alloy; lead itself has poor wetting characteristics. High-tin tin-lead alloys have
Solder
Award of the Royal Society
Michael Fisher Physics "In recognition of his seminal contributions to wetting transitions, dislocation melting and criticality of ionic solutions and many
Royal_Medal
English transgender activist (1935–2021)
weekly calcium injections at the Alder Hey Children's Hospital, and bed-wetting, resulting in her being punished so severely by her mother that the police
April_Ashley
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
showing hysteresis is said to be of Type IV (for a wetting adsorbate) or Type V (for a non-wetting adsorbate), and hysteresis loops themselves are classified
Hysteresis
Growth of a thin film on a crystal surface
{\displaystyle \varphi _{a}} is the desorption energy of an adsorbate atom from a wetting layer of the same material, φ a ′ ( n ) {\displaystyle \varphi _{a}'(n)}
Stranski–Krastanov_growth
Overgown, usually with wide trailing sleeves
pleats created by the plissé technique–gathering fabric with stitches, wetting the fabric, and "setting" the pleats by allowing the wet fabric to dry
Bliaut
Molecule or surface that has no attraction to water
exceed this threshold. This analysis for quantifying hydrophobicity or wetting can be performed using a structural indicator, the V4S index, which reveals
Hydrophobe
Chemical compound
sulfates of other metals. Sodium carbonate is used by the brick industry as a wetting agent to reduce the amount of water needed to extrude the clay. In casting
Sodium_carbonate
Species of armadillo
when heavy storms roll in due to the threat of drowning and the risk of wetting its fur. If its fur is wet, the armadillo cannot properly thermoregulate
Pink_fairy_armadillo
State of matter
of other phenomena as well, including surface waves, capillary action, wetting, and ripples. In liquids under nanoscale confinement, surface effects can
Liquid
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
environment. One 2015 study by US scientists found that repeated drying and wetting may render soil bound prions less infectious, although this was dependent
Prion
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
waterholes. Nesting sandgrouse and many plovers carry water to their young by wetting their belly feathers. Some birds carry water for chicks at the nest in
Bird
Prenatal celebration
soon-to-be grandfather's house. In the United Kingdom, this is called wetting the baby's head, and is generally more common than baby showers. However
Baby_shower
Chemical compound
are used in many industrial applications as nondetergent surfactants (wetting agents) that effectively disperse colloidal systems in aqueous media. The
Naphthalene
Metallic material
Electronic Equipment Directive. Despite regulatory encouragement, the industry transition to lead-free solders has encountered technical challenges related to process
Solder_alloys
Alloy used as a lead-free solder
IPC testing, SN100CV solder paste demonstrates excellent flux activity, wetting, and slump stability suitable for reflow soldering. It exhibits strong
Tin-silver-copper
Oil that hardens after exposure to air
allows heat to accumulate and accelerate the reaction. Precautions include: wetting rags with water and spreading them away from direct sunlight; keeping them
Drying_oil
Chemical used in metallurgy for cleaning or purifying molten metal
dissolving the oxides already present on the metal surface to facilitate wetting by molten metal, and acting as an oxygen barrier by coating the hot surface
Flux_(metallurgy)
Type of non reactive adhesive
Rheology Self-adhesive stamp Viscoelasticity Pressure-sensitive paper Wetting – Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface Popov, Valentin
Pressure-sensitive_adhesive
Process of joining metal pieces with heated filler metal
components during soldering. And, having no plastic phase allows for quicker wetting as the solder heats up, and quicker setup as the solder cools. A non-eutectic
Soldering
Species of plant
1007/s00425-014-2090-6. PMID 24903360. S2CID 14306228. Kumar, Manish; Bhardwaj (2020). "Wetting characteristics of Colocasia esculenta (Taro) leaf and a bioinspired surface
Taro
Technique in Japanese woodblock printing
the water creates gradations. Atenashi bokashi is similar, requiring the wetting of areas to be inked, and is used for details such as clouds. Salter 2001
Bokashi_(printing)
Type of desert earth surface
running water, wind, gravity, creep, thermal expansion and contraction, wetting and drying, frost heaving, animal traffic, and the Earth's constant microseismic
Desert_pavement
Chemical science associated with pressure-sensitive adhesives
maintain their balance in viscous and elastic behavior where optimal surface wetting can be achieved. At extremely high temperatures the tape may be able to
Chemistry of pressure-sensitive adhesives
Chemistry_of_pressure-sensitive_adhesives
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
its adhesion to the material of the container determines the degree of wetting, the contact angle, and the shape of the meniscus. When cohesion dominates
Surface_tension
Model in statistical mechanics generalizing the Ising model
displays the phenomenon of 'interfacial adsorption' with intriguing critical wetting properties when fixing opposite boundaries in two different states [clarification
Potts_model
German service rifle from 1898 to 1935
or corrosion, unless also treated with a water-displacing oil to reduce wetting and galvanic corrosion. From 1905 until 1945 the German military used Ballistol
Gewehr_98
United States defense standard
noise detection test (PIND) 2021.3 Glassivation layer integrity 2022.2 Wetting balance solderability 2023.5 Nondestructive bond pull 2024.2 Lid torque
MIL-STD-883
porous aluminum or silicon. The basic concept of this method is to exploit wetting processes. A polymer melt or solution is brought into contact with the
Polymer_nanocomposite
Capillary flow effect
particle was equal to the thickness of the wetting layer at the meniscus location. Such thickness transitions were established with spherical particles
Coffee_ring_effect
Chemical element with atomic number 49 (In)
symbol is In and its atomic number is 49. It is a silvery-white post-transition metal and one of the softest elements. Chemically, indium is similar to
Indium
English actor (born 1935)
stay at the house, one boy died of pneumonia and another was beaten for wetting the bed. Eventually, their mother came and took the boys and moved back
Melvyn_Hayes
Chemical mechanism of spontaneous passivation
The strength of metal oxide adhesion effectively determines the wetting of the metal-oxide interface. The strength of this adhesion is important, for
Metal_oxide_adhesion
Dark fantasy television series (2005–2020)
the environment directly, such as by controlling artificial smoke, or wetting down floors to create darker areas and convey a sense of loneliness and
Supernatural (American TV series)
Supernatural_(American_TV_series)
transitions Structure – property relations: Neumann's law, melting point, mechanical properties (hardness, slip, cleavage, elastic moduli), wetting,
Crystal_chemistry
Phenomenon in fluid dynamics
when pouring, but this is prevented by gravity. The flow can thus resist wetting even when pouring slowly and the liquid does not reach the downwardly inclined
Teapot_effect
Physical phenomenon
developed a model for Leidenfrost phenomenon which includes transient wetting and microlayer evaporation. Since the Leidenfrost phenomenon is a special
Leidenfrost_effect
Synthetic materials with properties similar to natural resins
Polyesters can withstand a temperature up to 80 °C. Polyesters have good wetting to glass fibres. Relatively low shrinkage at between 4–8% during curing
Synthetic_resin
Initial step in the phase transition or molecular self-assembly of a substance
gas-liquid surface is maintained or spots on the heating surface with lower wetting properties. Substantial superheating of a liquid can be achieved after
Nucleation
Training an infant or toddler to use the toilet
higher risk for certain disorders, such as urological problem or daytime wetting. There is no evidence of any psychological problems resulting from initiating
Toilet_training
However, the household dynamic shifts when Max suddenly starts frequently wetting the bed. Discovering the accidents, Vic leaps to a wild conclusion based
List_of_George_Lopez_episodes
Inorganic salt: MgCl2 and its hydrates
sprayed directly onto salt as it is being spread onto roadway pavement, wetting the salt so that it sticks to the road; and pretreating, when magnesium
Magnesium_chloride
The lower the η, the better the RW Regarding sessile drop technique, wetting is characterized by degree of interfacial contact and quantified via contact
Rheological_weldability
Wafer bond with glass central layer
ceramic substrates) occurs. The usual temperature of achieving flowing and wetting is between 450 and 550 °C (840 and 1,020 °F). Glass frit bonding can be
Glass_frit_bonding
Refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with formula BN
Borocarbonitrides Boron suboxide Superhard materials Wide-bandgap semiconductors Here wetting refers to the ability of a molten metal to keep contact with solid BN for
Boron_nitride
Type of energy transfer
Franklin and fellow scientist John Hadley experimented by continually wetting the ball of a mercury thermometer with ether and using bellows to evaporate
Heat
Chemical compound
resistance. It also exhibits properties like zero moisture absorption and non wetting. It does not absorb visible light. When subjected to high-energy radiation
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
Airtight seal which joins glass and metal surfaces
a seal, two properties must hold: The molten glass must be capable of wetting the metal, in order to form a tight bond, and The thermal expansion of
Glass-to-metal_seal
Sweet and viscous substance made by bees
of Honey" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2009. Wetting of Real Surfaces by Edward Yu. Bormashenko – Walter D Gruyter 2013 Page
Honey
Loss of ductility when exposed to liquid metals
sharp crack propagation difficult, but no solubility condition prevents wetting of the solid surfaces by liquid metal and prevents LME. The presence of
Liquid_metal_embrittlement
Loss of ductility of a material, making it brittle
hydrogen sulfide. Adsorption embrittlement is the embrittlement caused by wetting. Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) is the embrittlement caused by liquid
Embrittlement
Class of materials
self-cleaning surface. Young and colleagues proposed Young's model of wetting that relates the contact angle of a water droplet on a flat surface to
Self-cleaning_surfaces
Method of preserving human remains
separation of the fields of embalming by undertakers and embalming (anatomical wetting) for medical and scientific purposes. Dr Thomas Holmes received a commission
Embalming
Brittle failure of thermoplastic polymers
can reduce the energy required to create new surfaces in the polymer by wetting the polymer's surface and hence aid the formation of voids, which is thought
Environmental_stress_cracking
German bolt-action rifle
or corrosion, unless also treated with a water-displacing oil to reduce wetting and galvanic corrosion. From 1944 onwards phosphating/Parkerizing was introduced
Karabiner_98k
Dutch physicist (born 1967)
to understanding phase transitions, flow behavior, and surface interactions of these materials. He has also published on wetting and friction phenomena
Daniel_Bonn
Imprint of mouth tissue
two weeks Good hydrophilicity Compatible with gypsum products Superior wetting characteristics ensuring gypsum working cast is hard with smooth surface
Dental_impression
in front of his friends at a YMCA over a game of foosball, eventually wetting his pants. Unbeknownst to either of them at the time, the girl who beat
List_of_Community_characters
Species of plant
by tying leaves to the forehead or by rubbing the leaves in water and wetting the hair and head with it; leaves were also carried inside hats to feel
Artemisia_californica
by Salman Rushdie. Midnight's Children is an epic book about India's transition from British colonialism to independence. It is notable for the large
List of Midnight's Children characters
List_of_Midnight's_Children_characters
management, combining dry seeding and one drawdown, or executing a sequence of wetting and drying. This results in emission reductions of up to 90% compared to
Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_agriculture
Lauren; Ward, Myah; Ukenye, Lawrence (September 28, 2023). "The case for wetting the bed". Politico. Retrieved October 5, 2023. Timotija, Filip; Robertson
2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates
2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates
American political organization (1966–1982)
" She was "shoved" into the pool when she refused to swim for fear of wetting her hair, while a White teacher who taught Afro-American history would
Black_Panther_Party
Technique of electroplating
surface and pop. This requires a frequent cycle of treating the bath with a wetting agent fume suppressant and confirming the effect on surface tension. Usually
Chrome_plating
British television sitcom
his girlfriend. At school, a male pupil of Sharon's has repeatedly been wetting himself in her class. Sharon later finds out from his parents that he is
Catastrophe_(2015_TV_series)
Result of a liquid droplet striking a solid or liquid surface
outcome is representative of impact of small, low-velocity drops onto smooth wetting surfaces. The "prompt splash" outcome occurs when the drop strikes a rough
Drop_impact
(C) Great is the drying of the wind, a trouble for sailing, Great is the wetting of rain when a shower comes, Great is the strength of the water on the
Traditional Welsh poetic metres
Traditional_Welsh_poetic_metres
Lizards belonging to the suborder Gekkota
gecko skin micro/Nano structure – A low adhesion, superhydrophobic, anti-wetting, self-cleaning, biocompatible, antibacterial surface". Acta Biomaterialia
Gecko
Modifying a combustion engine's intake and exhaust ports to optimize airflow
speed is zero (see boundary layer and laminar flow). This is due to the wetting action of the air and indeed all fluids. The first layer of molecules adheres
Cylinder_head_porting
Class of perfluorinated chemical compounds
(August 2014). "Fluoro- vs hydrocarbon surfactants: why do they differ in wetting performance?". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 210: 65–71. doi:10
PFAS
Abstract state of being clean and free from dirt
well as tests for cleanliness. The most commonly used tests rely on the wetting behaviour of a clean hydrophilic metal surface. Cleanliness is important
Cleanliness
Smoke-like, fog-like air pollutions
really not fog at all, but cloud of pure white mist, warmer and much less wetting than a "Scotch mist," and differing entirely from the true British fog
Smog
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