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Global adoption of western culture and values
(2): 34–67. Westernizer – Britannica Online Encyclopedia Howard F. Stein, "Russian Nationalism and the Divided Soul of the Westernizers and Slavophiles
Westernization
Political ideology in 19th-century Russian Empire
Pochvennichestvo, anti-Westernisation movement Slavophile Westernization Total Westernization Westernizer – Britannica Online Encyclopedia Howard F. Stein, "Russian
Westernizer
Pro-Western thoughts in mainland China
improvement, Chinese nationalism rose and the total westernization theory declined. Datsu-A Ron Westernizer Zhang Dainian and Cheng Yishan, "Chinese Culture
Total_Westernization
19th-century Russian nationalist movement
Church, rather than through the radical programs of (for example) the Westernizer intelligentsia. The Slavophiles and the Pochvennichestvo differed in
Pochvennichestvo
Country in East Asia
opened the country to widespread proselytism as part of a project of Westernization. The weakness of Korean shamanism, which—unlike Japanese Shinto and
South_Korea
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
378–380, 624. Buzpinar, Ş. Tufan (March 2007). "Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion". Middle Eastern Studies. 43 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1080/00263200601114091
Islam
Student-led demonstrations in China
Harsh Actions Threaten to Set Back 10-Year Reform Drive – Suspicions of Westernization Are Ascendant, and Army Has a Political Role Again – A Movement Unlikely
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre
Emperor of Russia from 1894 to 1917
they were increasingly alienated by the tsar's support of Stolypin's Westernizing reforms taken early in the Revolution of 1905 and especially by the political
Nicholas_II
Feelings and behaviors
Human male sexuality encompasses a wide variety of feelings and behaviors. Men's feelings of attraction may be caused by various physical and social traits
Human_male_sexuality
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796
Equality before the law Freedom Assembly Economic Press Religion Speech Westernizers Liberal democracy Popular sovereignty Rule of law Social justice History
Catherine_the_Great
Empire in East Asia (1897–1910)
Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform, a partial modernization and westernization of Korea's military, economy, land system, education system, and various
Korean_Empire
response, a number of scholars resisted the idea, saying democracy and Westernization had no place in traditional Chinese culture. Liang Shuming's opinion
Democracy_in_China
Males who function socially and sexually as women in Arabia
Khanith (also spelled Khaneeth or referred to as Xanith; Arabic: خنيث, romanized: khanīth) is a term originating from the Arabian Peninsula to denote a
Khanith
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Iranian political view of Western culture as toxic
Robert Wyatt. Sharqzadegi Intellectual movements in Iran Jahiliyyah Westernizer Tehran American School Hendelman-Baavur, Liora (2015). "The Odyssey of
Gharbzadegi
Royal chieftans, 1613–1956
2024. Abadi, Jacob (2022). Tunisia Since the Arab Conquest: The Saga of a Westernized Muslim State (Middle East Studies) (Kindle ed.). Ithaca Press.
List_of_beys_of_Tunis
1972 Indian film
some problems associated with Westernization. The film was a hit and a star-making vehicle for Aman, who played a westernized hippie, and won the Filmfare
Haré_Rama_Haré_Krishna
Greek music genre
the notions of "westernized" and "genuine" may often be based on ideological and aesthetic grounds. Laïko interacted more westernized sounds in the late
Laïko
Political philosophy based on tradition
Pro-Americanism Royalism Qajar dynasty Pahlavi dynasty Secular state Westernization History Safavid conversion to Shia Islam 1953 coup d'état White Revolution
Conservatism
Pidgin term for child, also a racial slur
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Pickaninny
Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740
more than one son, one could now stay behind to run the family estate. Westernization continued after Peter the Great's reign in areas of prominent Western
Anna_of_Russia
Epistemological framework
Data universalism is an epistemological framework that assumes a single universal narrative of any dataset without any consideration of geographical borders
Data_universalism
Ethnic slur directed at Indians
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Pajeet
Derogatory word used for a Polish person
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Polack
Emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881
Equality before the law Freedom Assembly Economic Press Religion Speech Westernizers Liberal democracy Popular sovereignty Rule of law Social justice History
Alexander_II_of_Russia
English actress and singer
(2017–2018) as Alice Fitzwarren at Gracie Fields Theatre, Rochdale. Westernized (2018–2019) as Layla Layloo in an immersive theatre production (Death
Hannah_Hobley
Notation for expressing numbers in Thai
Thailand, although the Arabic numerals are more common due to extensive westernization of Thailand in the modern Rattanakosin period. Thai numerals follow
Thai_numerals
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Fatma Muge Gocek, Rise of the Bourgeoisie, Demise of Empire: Ottoman Westernization and Social Change (1996) pp 138–42 Kemal H. Karpat, "The transformation
Ottoman_Empire
Indian actress (1932–2006)
1990s, she mostly played supporting characters. Due to her image as a Westernized woman, she often played roles of Christian or Anglo-Indian ladies. Her
Nadira_(Indian_actress)
Sexuality in South Korea has been influenced by culture, religion, and westernization. Viewpoints in contemporary society can be viewed as a conflict between
Sexuality_in_South_Korea
Revolution in Iran from 1978 to 1979
and later Shia Islamic character include: A backlash against forced Westernization and imperialism; The 1953 Iranian coup d'état; A rise in expectations
Iranian_Revolution
1863 Japanese imperial edict
was an edict issued by the Japanese Emperor Kōmei in 1863 against the Westernization of Japan following the opening of the country by Commodore Matthew Perry
Order_to_expel_barbarians
Russian literary critic (1811–1848)
exceptional intellectual and moral passion, the central value of most of Westernizer intelligentsia: the notion of the individual self, a person (lichnost)
Vissarion_Belinsky
South Korean boy band
also influenced the group, with Forbes noting that Cortis sounded "more westernized or global than most rookie groups", while the members still identify
Cortis
American author and public speaker (born 1945)
Chesler, who was married to a Westernized Muslim man from Afghanistan Aurora Nilsson, was also married to another Westernized Afghan Muslim man Debbie Rodriguez
Betty_Mahmoody
Health conditions thought to be a result of increasing wealth in society
consumption of animal products and selected illnesses Urbanization Westernization Ezzati M, Vander Hoorn S, Lawes CM, Leach R, James WP, Lopez AD, Rodgers
Diseases_of_affluence
Person who removes animal carcasses
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Knacker
Entryway area in Japanese buildings
elevated-floor structures. It has continued to the present, even after the Westernization of the Japanese home, which began in the Meiji period (1868–1912). Engawa
Genkan
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Use_of_nigger_in_proper_names
1860–1917 Russian movement advocating negation and liberation
elements of the Age of Enlightenment into Russia while dropping the Westernizer approach of the previous generation. Russian nihilism developed an atmosphere
Russian_nihilist_movement
Music style; orchestral music with elements from Greek folk rhythm and melody
Greek poets. Éntekhno arose in the late 1950s, drawing on rebetiko's Westernization by Vassilis Tsitsanis and Manolis Chiotis. Mikis Theodorakis and Manos
Éntekhno
Public university in Shanghai, China
December, and Sheng became the school's first president. As a member of Westernization Movement, Sheng aimed to weaken the imperial examination while promoting
Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University
Indian television series
the twin worlds of conventional Indian society as well as the urban westernized ethos. The basic story is about five MBAs who reunite 13 years after
A_Mouthful_of_Sky
Pejorative English abbreviation of "Japanese"
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Jap
Racial slur against Black people
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Nigger
Indian Hindi-language film
Bharatbala, ‘Hari Om' emerges a pleasant but formulaic effort that may be too Westernized for Indian auds and too commercially superficial for Western arthouses"
Hari_Om_(film)
Portable, round tent covered with skins or felt
A yurt (/jɜːrt/; from the Turkic languages) or ger (/ɡɛər/; from the Mongolic languages) is a portable, round tent covered and insulated with skins or
Yurt
Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979
Pro-Americanism Royalism Qajar dynasty Pahlavi dynasty Secular state Westernization History Safavid conversion to Shia Islam 1953 coup d'état White Revolution
Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi
Khan of Crimea from 1777 to 1783
cross-religious integration as contradicting the laws of Islam. Sahin's westernization policies led to rebellion in 1777. He was only able to resume control
Şahin_Giray
Capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina
were built at this time, and a large number of institutions were both Westernized and modernized. For the first time in history, Sarajevo's population
Sarajevo
1973 novel by Jean Raspail
Calguès, an old man who has chosen to remain at his home, and Hamadura, a Westernized Indian who is terrified of his "filthy, brutish" countrymen and prides
The_Camp_of_the_Saints
Turkish fighter pilot and astronaut (born 1979)
frames the pursuit of aerospace and technological dominance not as Westernization, but as a "reclamation" of the science and technology heritage of the
Alper_Gezeravcı
Zulu religious leader and founder of the Nazareth Baptist Church
Oosthuizen was attacked by Bengt Sundkler and Absolom Vilakazi as being too westernized to understand Zulu culture, and claimed that the movement remained Christian
Isaiah_Shembe
American government agency
The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom
Conjectured era without Western dominance
and Southernization respectively are sometimes applied (analogous to Westernization). Proponents often argue in favor of a post-Western era by pointing
Post-Western_era
Jewish ethnonym of Yiddish origin
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Yid
Iranian nationalist and monarchist ideology
response to growing societal and intellectual criticism of Pahlavi Westernization. These adjustments emphasized Iranian cultural authenticity and contributed
Pahlavism
1858–1947 Crown rule in India
Chunder Bonerjee as the first president. The membership consisted of a Westernized elite, and no effort was made at this time to broaden the base.[citation
British_Raj
American filmmaker (born 1946)
Tara Chong Stone (b. 1995) with his wife, Chong son Chong (Korean: 정순중, Westernized as Sun-jung Jung), to whom he has been married since 1996. He credits
Oliver_Stone
Eleventh and penultimate conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars
believed was the historic mission of Russia, while their opponents, westernizers, inspired by Ivan Turgenev, denied the importance of religion and believed
Russo-Turkish_War_(1877–1878)
Leader of China since 2012
pp. 223–246. Düben 2020, pp. 111–128. Fenby 2019, p. 32. "Xi Rejects Westernization in Show of Faith in Self Reliance". Bloomberg News. 8 February 2023
Xi_Jinping
Mystic practices in Islam
reforms, as well as new forms of taxation, which were instituted by Westernizing national governments, undermining the economic foundations of Sufi orders
Sufism
Political party in the Republic of China
Life Movement, which promoted Confucianism, and it was also against westernization. KMT leaders also opposed the May Fourth Movement. Chiang Kai-shek,
Kuomintang
Ethnic slur against people from Spanish-speaking countries
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Spic
Scottish exonym for an English person
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Sassenach
Political and social philosophy emphasizing the individual
PMID 30369633. Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Modernization does not mean westernization: Emergence of a different pattern. In W. Friedlmeier, P. Chakkarath
Individualism
Indigenous Polynesian people of Hawaii
Russo, Carla Herreria (May 31, 2018). "Land, Loss And Love: The Toll Of Westernization On Native Hawaiians". HuffPost. Archived from the original on October
Native_Hawaiians
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
List of ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity
List_of_ethnic_slurs_and_epithets_by_ethnicity
Aesthetic assessment of physical traits
Fabienne (December 2004). "Sites of attractiveness: Japanese women and westernized representations of feminine beauty". Critical Studies in Media Communication
Physical_attractiveness
Gender identity term used in some Latin American countries
travesti identities has been considered by some to be colonizing and westernizing in nature and has been met with resistance by the community. Originally
Travesti_(gender_identity)
Province in Ilocos Region, Philippines
and Chinese influences as well as American influences. Pangasinan is westernized yet retains a strong native Austronesian background. The main centers
Pangasinan
Ethnic slur against East and Southeast Asians
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Gook
Slur for Italians or people of Italian descent
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Wop
1980 Soviet romantic-comedy-drama film
than her husband. As their romance progresses, Rudolf, who changed his westernized name for a now-fashionable Russified Rodion, but still works as a TV
Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears
Moscow_Does_Not_Believe_in_Tears
Vacation after the wedding to celebrate recent marriage
used to everyday life together. The custom in Western culture and some westernized countries' cultures of a newlywed couple going on a holiday together
Honeymoon
Hindu organization
The Divine Light Mission (Divya Sandesh Parishad; DLM) was an organization founded in 1960 by guru Hans Ji Maharaj for his following in northern India
Divine_Light_Mission
Derogatory and racially offensive word
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Wog
Traditional Japanese bedding
folded into a sofa on a sofabed-futon frame A shop in France selling westernized futons with frames In the mid-1970s, futons became fashionable in North
Futon
Right-wing political faction in Iran
Pro-Americanism Royalism Qajar dynasty Pahlavi dynasty Secular state Westernization History Safavid conversion to Shia Islam 1953 coup d'état White Revolution
Iranian_principlists
Hindu religious organisation
great economic success under British rule and were subject to Westernization. The Westernized non-Kulīna Brāhmanas and Kāyasthas were attracted to Western
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness
Racial slur directed at white people
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Cracker_(term)
development in the 19th century, defined initially by the opposition of Westernizers, advocating Russia's following the Western political and economical models
List_of_Russian_philosophers
Establishment for education of young children from about 2-6 years old
than academic programs. Academic programs tend to be more common among Westernized and Christian preschools. Boisterous play is accepted. Kids are allowed
Preschool
Cantonese term for white people
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Gweilo
Empress of Russia from 1855 to 1880
philosophical currents divided Russian politics of their time: Westernizers and Slavophiles. The Westernizers, led by Alexander Herzen, Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev
Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)
Maria_Alexandrovna_(Marie_of_Hesse)
Title of Russian monarchs from 1547 to 1721
inclined to underline their separation from Western Europe than to promote Westernization by using foreign titles. Following the expansion of his realm, the grand
Tsar_of_all_Russia
Japanese strategy board game
players from learning shogi has led to the development of different "Westernized" or "international" pieces which use more recognizable western style
Shogi
Indian-born Canadian film director and screenwriter (born 1950)
traditions, she has been seen to compare these practices with a more "Westernized" philosophy that has often resulted in controversy. The production of
Deepa_Mehta
Political party in Georgia
"Georgian Elections 2020: A strong mandate for democratization and Westernization". Middle East Institute. Almut Rochowanski; Sopo Japaridze (5 March
Georgian_Dream
Country in West Africa
intermediary group between French and Africans. After 1930, a small number of Westernized Ivorians were granted the right to apply for French citizenship. Most
Ivory_Coast
Ethnic slur for someone of African ancestry
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Sambo_(racial_term)
Ethnic group in the United States, pejorative term referring to an Oklahoman
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Okie
American Folklore character and metaphor
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Tar-Baby
Daughter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1919–2017)
rule in India. Jinnah's maternal family were rich, well-educated and westernized. They were Parsis who traditionally followed Zoroastrianism. Her great-grandfather
Dina_Wadia
Ethnic group
gradual change in the beauty standards of Native Hawaiian women to a more westernized standard, which was reinforced by the refusal of Westerners to marry
Multiracial_Americans
Term for a Canadian
Asians General Banana (westernized East Asians) Gook Sangokujin (Korean and Taiwanese) Toku-A (Chinese and Korean) Twinkie (westernized East Asians) Chinese
Canuck
Japanese writer (1862–1922)
rational, and spontaneous, and important point is to identify what to westernize and what to preserve as traditional Japanese culture. Ogai carried out
Mori_Ōgai
Concept relating Islamism and fascism
Western imperialists—had led to impoverished masses reacting against their Westernized elites for their lack of traditional piety. The term used much more broadly
Islamofascism
1868–1869 Japanese civil war
global commerce, initiating rapid development of foreign trade and Westernization. In large part due to the humiliating terms of the unequal treaties
Boshin_War
Autobiography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
independence from the British, but he dreaded the possibility that a westernized Indian elite would replace the British colonial government. He developed
The Story of My Experiments with Truth
The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth
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