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Area of unfrozen sea within an ice pack
dynamics. One of the most famous mid-sea polynyas is the Weddell Polynya, also known as the Maud Rise Polynya, which occurs in the Lazarev Sea over the
Polynya
Gap in sea ice in the Southern Ocean
The Weddell Polynya, or Weddell Sea Polynya, is a polynya, or irregular area of open water surrounded by sea ice, in the Weddell Sea of the Southern Ocean
Weddell_Polynya
Sea ice specialist and climate scientist
were unknown. Major research of the polynya question began in earnest by 1981. Comiso studied the Weddell Polynya in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica
Josefino_Comiso
McMurdo Sound Polynyas in McMurdo Sound Riiser-Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Spencer Gulf Weddell Sea Weddell Polynya/Maud Rise Polynya While all
List_of_seas_on_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
of the Atlantic Ocean Weddell Gyre, an ocean current in the Weddell Sea Weddell Plain, an undersea abyssal plain Weddell Polynya, an area of water surrounded
Weddell
Subset of Antarctic Bottom Water mass that is at -0.7 °C or colder
Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) is a subset of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) that is at a temperature of -0.7 °C or colder. It consists of a higher salinity
Weddell_Sea_Bottom_Water
Oceanic plateau in the Southern Ocean
Rise (near South Georgia Island off South America), and Maud Rise. Weddell Polynya "GEBCO Gridded Bathymetry Data". "Maud Rise". Geographic Names Information
Maud_Rise
Cold, dense, water mass originating in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica
water is formed in the Weddell and Ross Seas, off the Adélie Coast and by Cape Darnley from surface water cooling in polynyas and below the ice shelf
Antarctic_bottom_water
Second-generation U.S. robotic spacecraft
a polynya, developed three years in a row in the seasonal ice that encases Antarctica each winter. Located in the Weddell Sea, each year the polynya vanished
Nimbus_program
Proposed name of a sea in the Southern Ocean
much as 137,700 km2. This polynya lasted for several weeks before disappearing on August 16, 1980. "The Cosmonaut Sea Polynya". www.atmosp.physics.utoronto
Cosmonauts_Sea
Southern half of the global ocean current system
Bottom Water production by intense sea-ice formation in the Cape Darnley polynya". Nature Geoscience. 6 (3): 235. Bibcode:2013NatGe...6..235O. doi:10.1038/ngeo1738
Southern Ocean overturning circulation
Southern_Ocean_overturning_circulation
Marginal sea between Greenland and Baffin Island, Canada
high density of floating ice and icebergs in the open areas. However, a polynya of about 80,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi), known as the North Water, opens in
Baffin_Bay
Family of fishes
nests across an area of approximately 92 square miles at the bottom of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. The majority of nests were occupied by one adult fish
Channichthyidae
Species of bear native to the Arctic
The species tends to frequent areas where sea ice meets water, such as polynyas and leads, to hunt the seals that make up most of its diet. Polar bears
Polar_bear
Part of large-scale ocean circulation
shelves will blow the newly formed sea ice away, opening polynyas in locations such as Weddell and Ross Seas, off the Adélie Coast and by Cape Darnley
Thermohaline_circulation
Mixing of seawater at different depths
losses and vertical deep mixing. The convection in the Weddell Sea is mostly associated with polynya. According to Akitomo et al. (1995), Arnold L. Gordon
Open_ocean_convection
Canadian zoologist
Officer of the Order of Canada (2000) Stirling I (1997) The importance of polynyas, ice edges, and leads to marine mammals and birds. Journal of Marine Systems
Ian_Stirling_(biologist)
Large formation of floating ice
recorded icebergs by area Polar ice cap Polar ice pack (disambiguation) Polynya Sea ice Seabed gouging by ice Shelf ice "Iceberg Formation: International
Iceberg
(2007-05-01). "Investigations of newly formed sea ice in the Cape Bathurst polynya: 1. Structural, physical, and optical properties". Journal of Geophysical
Sea_ice_growth_processes
Species of mammal
where they have been observed between belts of pack ice and in leads and polynyas – often in heavy ice cover. Some individuals have become trapped in the
Antarctic_minke_whale
American oceanographer
promoted to professor in 2014. Daly's early research was conducted in the Weddell Sea where she examined the abundance, growth, and feeding of krill. Subsequently
Kendra_Daly
Submarine of the United States
surface in." The closest was to make radio contact at the surface from a polynya around 30 nm away, but not to surface fully owing to the risk of damage
USS_Skate_(SSN-578)
Ability to see objects underwater
record Secchi depth of 79 m has been reported from a coastal polynya of the Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. In other sea waters, Secchi depths in the 50
Underwater_vision
Russian admiral and White movement leader (1874–1920)
Extracts from it were published under the title "The Arctic Pack and the Polynya" in the volume issued in 1929 by the American Geographical Society, Problems
Alexander_Kolchak
Species of whale
predators. Belugas also follow bowheads out of curiosity and to secure polynya feasibility to breathe, as bowheads are capable of breaking through ice
Beluga_whale
Body of water in the Arctic Ocean
0.9 and 2.2 m (3 and 7+1⁄5 ft), denotes the refreezing of the Lincoln Polynya ice. These helicopter measurements concur with satellite-based radar imagery
Lincoln_Sea
Deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica
the western edge of the Ross Sea. The Ross Sea circulation, dominated by polynya processes, is in general very slow-moving. Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW)
Ross_Sea
Species of gastropod
Limacina rangii is circumglobal south of 50°S. This species occurs in the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea in the Antarctic and in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia
Limacina_rangii
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
ice from beneath, forming historic polynyas (areas of open water, like the reappearance of the Maud Rise polynya, four times the size of Wales) 2024
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
O-class submarine of the United States
travelled only a short distance under the ice before resurfacing through a polynya, but her radios had been badly damaged, requiring days to repair. The scientific
USS_O-12
Russian explorer of Northern Siberia
very expedition. Gedenshtrom established the presence of the Siberian polynya – patches of open water in sea ice at the edge of the drifting ice and
Matvei_Gedenshtrom
(1995). Peracarid fauna (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Northeast Water Polynya off Greenland: documenting close benthic-pelagic coupling in the Westwind
List_of_Cumacea_literature
Glacier of Antarctica
icebergs from the calved glacier tongue has reduced the effectiveness of the polynya west of Mertz Glacier that acted as one of Antarctica's major areas for
Mertz_Glacier
2001 British nature documentary television series
and frozen seas that create the biggest challenge. However, there are polynyas in the Arctic, which are free of ice owing to the pressure of currents
The_Blue_Planet
Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean north of the Bering Strait
Exploration Niven, J., The Ice Master, The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk. Polynyas in the Chukchi Sea: [1] Polar bear protection in the Chukchi Sea: Polar
Chukchi_Sea
Outlet of the Great Lakes into the Atlantic
a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions including seasonal ice cover, polynyas, fronts, gyres, freshwater input and influences, and large seasonal variations
Gulf_of_St._Lawrence
Northernmost point on Earth
the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or Open Polar Sea. It was therefore hoped that passage could be found through
North_Pole
Marginal sea northwest of Russia, in the southeastern Barents Sea
fast ice covers the floor of the Sea's coastal zone. On top of it is flaw polynya. It supports a unique benthic ecosystem. The productive benthic environment
Pechora_Sea
Oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay, in Nunavut, Canada
winds keep the ice pack in constant motion and contribute to the numerous polynyas and shore leads which are found throughout the region. This same motion
Foxe_Basin
1872-74 Arctic expedition to find the North-East Passage
sometimes hauling the sledges and sometimes rowing the boats across a polynya. Weyprecht noted some complaints about Payer's behaviour in his diary,
Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition
Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition
Sea in the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia
band, and several polynyas are formed by the warm south winds around there. They have various names, such as the Great Siberian Polynya, and can stretch
Laptev_Sea
Marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia
of 2–3 m. The southern winter winds shift this ice northwards, making polynyas near the sea centre. There are no icebergs in the sea. Ice melting typically
East_Siberian_Sea
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to oceanography
term for the Arctic Ocean and the southern part of the Southern Ocean Polynya – An area of unfrozen sea within the ice pack Pressure ridge (ice) – A
Outline_of_oceanography
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