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Method of takeoff and landing used by rockets; vertical takeoff, vertical landing
takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) is a form of takeoff and landing for rockets. Multiple VTVL craft have flown. A notable VTVL vehicle was the Apollo Lunar
VTVL
Method used by an aircraft to depart and return to the ground
landing (VTVL) is a form of takeoff and landing for rockets. Multiple VTVL craft have flown. The most widely known and commercially successful VTVL rocket
Takeoff_and_landing
Chinese private space launch company. Developing New Line 1
April 2, 2019. LinkSpace has built flying vertical-takeoff/vertical-landing (VTVL) prototype test rockets, to develop its reusable rocket technology. By July
LinkSpace
Partly reusable Orbital launch vehicle by Deep Blue Aerospace of China
(VTVL) tests. On October 13, 2021, Deep Blue completed a 100-meter level launch and landing test with its Nebula M1 VTVL test stage. On
Nebula-1
American spaceflight and AI company
The landing of a Falcon 9 Block 5 first stage at Cape Canaveral in July 2019. VTVL technologies are used in many of SpaceX's launch vehicles.
SpaceX
Orbital recoverable launch vehicle of the European company ArianeGroup
developed under the EU-funded Project SALTO's VTVL demonstrator Themis programme, the joint CNES-DLR-JAXA VTVL demonstrator CALLISTO project, and the ESA-funded
Ariane_Next
Landing that does not result in significant damage to the vehicle or its payload
into water. Vertical rocket power using retrorockets, often referred to as VTVL (vertical landing referred to as VTOL, is usually for aircraft landing in
Soft_landing
Chinese medium-lift reusable carrier rocket
conducted its first VTVL test article for CZ-12A at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, likely the same test pad used for iSpace's VTVL experiments. The
Long_March_12A
Aircraft takeoff and landing class
an altitude of 744 metres (2,441 ft) before making its eighth successful VTVL landing. This was the last scheduled test for the Grasshopper rig; next up
V/STOL
Vehicles that can go to space and return
successful 300 m high VTVL flight of a liquid-propellant demonstrator rocket equipped with grid fins and landing legs. Another Japanese VTVL demonstrator, JAXA's
Reusable_launch_vehicle
Partly reusable Orbital launch vehicle by LandSpace of China
conducted a successful vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL) test using the Zhuque-3 VTVL-1 test vehicle at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC).
Zhuque-3
American aerospace company
California) that was developing a line of vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) rockets, initially for uncrewed research sub-orbital spaceflights and eventually
Masten_Space_Systems
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
projects ongoing at ISRO. One is the ADMIRE test vehicle, conceived as a VTVL system and another is RLV-TD programme, being run to develop an autonomous
ISRO
Reusable rocket demonstrator
Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss-back Operations) is a reusable VTVL demonstrator propelled by a small 40 kN Japanese LOX-LH2 rocket engine. It
CALLISTO
Uncrewed re-usable spaceplane technology demonstrator for the VentureStar
McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle.[citation needed] The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly
Lockheed_Martin_X-33
Japanese orbital vehicle design
Kankoh-maru (観光丸, Kankōmaru) is a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft)
Kankoh-maru
guest speaker in Sheldon's science class and does not take his idea about VTVL technology seriously, making Sheldon go to great lengths to prove him wrong
List of Young Sheldon episodes
List_of_Young_Sheldon_episodes
Launch vehicles developed and operated by SpaceX
vehicle – both of which are powered by SpaceX Merlin engines and employ VTVL technologies to reuse the first stage. As of 2024, the company is also developing
SpaceX_launch_vehicles
without wings, usually using rocket-assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that
Philip_Bono
Rocket launch complex at Vandenberg Space Force Base in the United States
in February 2015 in order to use that area as a landing pad to bring back VTVL return-to-launch-site (RTLS) first-stage boosters of the reusable Falcon
Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 4
Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_4
Launch facilities used by SpaceX
SpaceX rocket engines are tested on rocket test stands, and low-altitude VTVL flight testing of the Falcon 9 Grasshopper v1.0 test vehicle are done at
SpaceX_facilities
American aerospace company
for "Propulsion Module". The first flight was a short hop (low altitude, VTVL takeoff and landing mission) flown on May 6, 2011. The second flight, August
Blue_Origin
Experimental spaceplane/booster (2013–2020)
with their Xombie, Xoie, and Xaero vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) designs having already met or exceeded the 10 flights in 10 days objective
XS-1_(spacecraft)
Effort by SpaceX to make rockets that can fly multiple times
recovery of both Falcon 9 stages—a fully vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) rocket. The company produced an animated video of the first stage returning
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program
Lunar lander variant of SpaceX Starship
Starship HLS (Human Landing System) is a lunar lander variant of the Starship spacecraft that is slated to transfer astronauts from a lunar orbit to the
Starship_HLS
Rocket developed by Blue Origin
NS-36 New Shepard is a fully reusable, vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) space vehicle composed of two principal parts: a pressurized crew capsule
New_Shepard
VTVL technology demonstrator
the Armadillo Aerospace Quad vehicle called Pixel is a computer-controlled VTVL rocket that was used in 2006 to compete in the Lunar Lander Challenge. The
Quad_(rocket)
Soviet orbital vehicle design
aiming to design and build a large crewed vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing (VTVL) reusable space capsule, a much larger replacement for the Soyuz (spacecraft)
Zarya_(space_capsule)
Topics referred to by the same term
"vl" , "v-l", or "vls" on Wikipedia. Vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL), for rockets V equals L VI (disambiguation) V&L, Dutch handball club All
VL
Rocket engine
2024. Jones, Andrew (19 January 2024). "China's Landspace conducts first VTVL test for reusable stainless steel rocket". SpaceNews. Retrieved 22 May 2024
BF-20
Reusable medium-lift launch vehicle
Nova is a fully reusable medium-lift launch vehicle developed by Stoke Space. Announced in October 2023, Stoke Space plans to use two stages with an expected
Stoke_Space_Nova
American aerospace startup company
reduce development costs. Another was the use of liquid propellants and VTVL to facilitate short launch-to-launch times.[citation needed] The company
Armadillo_Aerospace
Shepard launch system into space and lands it vertically, making it the first VTVL rocket to land on Earth from space. 25 November 2015 – President Barack Obama
Timeline of private spaceflight
Timeline_of_private_spaceflight
Spaceport in northern Sweden
reusable rocket was transported to Esrange to conduct in 2026 a series of VTVL, (Vertical takeoff, vertical landing) for the first time in European history
Esrange
Competition funded by NASA's Centennial Challenges program
series of prizes for teams that launch a vertical takeoff/vertical landing (VTVL) rocket that achieved the total delta-v needed for a vehicle to move between
Lunar_Lander_Challenge
for tests of certain rockets, such as vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL). Fixed wing scale models can be tested on a tether in a wind tunnel, simulating
Tethered_flight_test
Prototype single-stage-to-orbit rocket developed & flown between 1991-1996
OriginPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Quad (rocket) – VTVL technology demonstrator Zarya – Soviet orbital vehicle designPages displaying
McDonnell_Douglas_DC-X
NASA vertical landing and takeoff test vehicle
project that began in 2010 to develop a vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL) test vehicle called the Morpheus Lander. It is intended to demonstrate a
Project_Morpheus
Test vehicles developed by SpaceX
2012 that they were planning several vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing (VTVL) test flights during 2012, and confirmed in June 2012 that they continued
Falcon_9_prototypes
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
The Apollo Lunar Module (LM /ˈlɛm/), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar
Apollo_Lunar_Module
American aerospace engineer
(2014-03). "ADAPT demonstrations of onboard large-divert Guidance with a VTVL rocket". 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Big Sky, MT, USA: IEEE: 1–18. Mohan
Swati_Mohan
Mohney, Doug (September 26, 2011). "SpaceX Plans to Test Reusable Suborbital VTVL Rocket in Texas". Satellite Spotlight. Archived from the original on August
List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters
List_of_Falcon_9_first-stage_boosters
Indian rocket engine
Tests were conducted on the Vikas engine in 2025 for future applicability to VTVL technologies. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre ISRO Propulsion Complex Polar
Vikas_(rocket_engine)
a reusable launch system capable of vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing (VTVL), suborbital crewed spacecraft by Blue Origin, a company owned by Amazon
Human_spaceflight_programs
Chinese aerospace company
Pallas-1 with a significantly larger payload capacity while keeping reusable VTVL a feature. Based on the company statements Pallas-2 is projected to be more
Galactic_Energy
Class of Indian partially reusable launch vehicles under development by ISRO
to ten years. ISRO is seeking to add vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) capability in NGLV first stage and booster stage. Vikram Sarabhai Space
Next Generation Launch Vehicle
Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle
Chinese space launch company
is also planned by the company. On 2 November 2023, i Space performed a VTVL test of Hyperbola 3 and its JD 2 engine. The test article reached a maximum
I-Space_(Chinese_company)
Prototype robotic lander developed by NASA
is ~700 pounds (320 kg) Performs vertical take off and vertical landings (VTVL) For additional information see the Robotic Lunar Lander information pages
Mighty_Eagle
Partially-reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle by Blue Origin
New Glenn is a family of two-stage partially reusable launch vehicles developed and operated by the American company Blue Origin. The rocket has an operational
New_Glenn
5+) with runway recovery Operational (2/2) Stoke Space Hopper2 demonstrate VTVL with active regeneratively-cooled heat shield and differential-throttle thrust
List of private spaceflight companies
List_of_private_spaceflight_companies
History of a space corporation
low-altitude, low-speed Grasshopper vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) technology demonstrator rocket, and a high-altitude, high-speed Falcon 9
History_of_SpaceX
medium-lift liquid-fueled (methalox) launch vehicle with reusable first stage (VTVL) from private firm currently under development Jielong 3 small to medium-lift
Chinese_space_program
Spacecraft intended to land on the surface of the Moon
Several were produced for the Lunar Lander Challenge, a competition to produce VTVL vehicles with sufficient delta-v to fly from the Moon to orbit Mighty Eagle
Lunar_lander
Airport in the United States
activities at the Oklahoma Spaceport in 2004 through 2009, including tests of a VTVL Lander and a Rocket Racer for the now-defunct Rocket Racing League. One company
Infinity One Oklahoma Spaceport
Infinity_One_Oklahoma_Spaceport
Russian prototype reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle
CORONA is a single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle capable of performing vertical takeoff and landing. It was developed by OAO GRTs Makeyev from 1992 to
CORONA_(rocket)
Facility located in Mojave, California
completes the first ever flight of a vertical take-off, vertical landing (VTVL) vehicle with successfully re-light the rocket engine. October 10, 2010 —
Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port
Series of prizes for teams that launch a vertical takeoff/vertical landing (VTVL) rocket that achieved the total delta-v needed for a vehicle to move between
List_of_challenge_awards
Partially reusable orbital launch vehicle by Galactic Energy
The Pallas-1 (Chinese: 智神星一号; pinyin: Zhìshénxīng Yī-hào; lit. 'Zhishenxing-1') is a medium-lift orbital launch vehicle under development by Galactic Energy
Pallas-1
4 4 Active 2019 Hyperbola-3 CHN i-Space 8,500–13,400 -- -- 0 Devel. 2025 VTVL Jielong 1 CHN CALT 200 (SSO) -- -- 1 1 1 1 Active 2019 Jielong 3 CHN CALT
Comparison of orbital launcher families
Comparison_of_orbital_launcher_families
American space tourism company
Armadillo-developed technology was to have been a vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) suborbital vehicle carrying space tourists to at least 100 km (62 mi) altitude
Space_Adventures
Third version of the SpaceX medium-lift launch vehicle
over six decades. The autonomous system has been in use on some of SpaceX' VTVL suborbital test flights in Texas, and has flown in parallel on a number of
Falcon_9_Full_Thrust
Launch system that uses a single use launch vehicle
medium-lift liquid-fueled (methalox) launch vehicle with reusable first stage (VTVL) from private firm currently under development Jielong 3 small to medium-lift
Expendable_launch_system
Falcon 9 space launch that occurred on 22 December 2015 at 01:29:00 UTC
Apollo landing. Spaceflight portal List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches VTVL "2015 U.S. Space Launch Manifest". americaspace.com. AmericaSpace. 21 December
Falcon_9_flight_20
Rocket
Blue Origin Goddard is the name of the first development vehicle in Blue Origin's New Shepard program, which flew for the first time on November 13, 2006
Blue_Origin_Goddard
Chinese space launch company
(August 13, 2024). "Deep Blue Aerospace secures strategic funding, landmark VTVL rocket test soon". Andrew Jones (November 11, 2022). "Mini Starship? Chinese
Space_Epoch
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
the same dry weight. In the 1960s Philip Bono investigated single-stage, VTVL tripropellant rockets, and showed that it could improve payload size by around
Single-stage-to-orbit
Orbital launch vehicle by Space Pioneer
Tianlong-3 (Chinese: 天龙三号; pinyin: Tiānlóng sān hào; lit. 'Heavenly Dragon 3', TL-3) is a medium-lift orbital launch vehicle developed by the Chinese private
Tianlong-3
NASA space competition inducement prize contests
the XPrize Cup Expo and run by the XPrize Foundation, this prize is for a VTVL (vertical take-off, vertical landing) suborbital rocket that can achieve
Centennial_Challenges
Series of prizes for teams that launch a vertical takeoff/vertical landing (VTVL) rocket that achieved the total delta-v needed for a vehicle to move between
List of space technology awards
List_of_space_technology_awards
American rocketry company
Rotary Rocket Company was a rocketry company that developed the Roton helicopter-rocket hybrid concept in the late 1990s as a fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit
Rotary_Rocket
Second version of the SpaceX medium-lift launch vehicle
low-speed demonstration test vehicle, Grasshopper v1.0, had made seven VTVL test flights from late-2012 through August 2013, including a 61-second hover
Falcon_9_v1.1
Japanese reusable rocket testing project
The Reusable Vehicle Testing (RVT) project was conducted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) from 1998 until 2003. The project involved a
Reusable_Vehicle_Testing
SpaceX Dragon 2 spacecraft prototype
26 test flights were projected to be vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) test flights that would take off from a purpose-built pad: eight were to
Dragon_2_DragonFly
Ruhrstahl X-7 8-348 Not allocated 8-349 Bachem Ba 349 Natter (Adder or Viper), VTVL point-defense interceptor (rocket-engine) 8-352 Junkers Ju 352 Herkules,
List of RLM aircraft designations
List_of_RLM_aircraft_designations
Topics referred to by the same term
European Space Agency (ESA) Lunar Lander Challenge, a competition to produce VTVL vehicles with sufficient delta-v to fly from the Moon to orbit Lunar Lander
Lunar_lander_(disambiguation)
other robotic breakthroughs. Ondler then managed NASA's Project Morpheus, a VTVL rocket landing test platform and a project to send a humanoid robot to the
Matt_Ondler
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