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Forged 'Norse' map of North America
The Vinland Map is a 20th-century forgery purporting to be a 15th-century mappa mundi with unique information about Norse exploration of North America
Vinland_Map
Area of coastal Canada explored by Norse Vikings
Vinland, Vineland, or Winland (Old Norse: Vínland hit góða, lit. 'Vinland the Good') was an area of coastal North America explored by Vikings. Leif Erikson
Vinland
13th century Icelandic texts
The Vinland sagas are two Icelandic texts written independently of each other in the early 13th century—the Saga of the Greenlanders (Grænlendinga Saga)
Vinland_sagas
Earliest phase of European settlement in the Americas
controversial Vinland Map is a fake, new study confirms". NBC News. Cummings, Mike (1 September 2021). "Analysis unlocks secret of the Vinland Map — it's a
Norse settlement of North America
Norse_settlement_of_North_America
American chemist (1916–2002)
known for his work in forensic science, especially his analyses of the Vinland Map and the Shroud of Turin. In 2000, he received the American Chemical Society's
Walter_McCrone
List of early depictions of the world
European maps of the world Nebra sky disc, a Bronze Age "map" of the cosmos Terra incognita, uncharted territories documented in early maps Vinland Map, a claimed
Early_world_maps
11th century Icelandic explorer
Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010, he followed Leif Eriksson's route to Vinland in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with
Thorfinn_Karlsefni
Historical site in the south of Iceland, at the river Hvítá
marked places described in Norse texts on a map of the Atlantic. One of them was Vinland. Sigurd’s original map, made in 1570, is now lost, but a copy was
Skálholt
Peoples the Norse Greenlanders encountered in North America
Icelandic sagas, it is also used for the peoples of the region known as Vinland whom the Norse encountered and fought during their expeditions there in
Skræling
forged the Vinland Map. This world map, which emerged in 1957, is supposedly a pre-Columbian map that shows a portion of North America (Vinland); the authenticity
Joseph_Fischer_(cartographer)
Norwegian silver coin
Penobscot. While the date is around two hundred years after the last of the Vinland voyages (c. 1000) described in Norse sagas, it is well within the period
Maine_penny
World map made in the early 15th century
Retrieved February 24, 2012. Seaver, Kirsten A. (2004). Maps, myths, and men: the story of the Vínland map. Stanford University Press. pp. 210. Retrieved February
Borgia_map
Norse discovery in North America
pronunciation: [ˈhelːoˌlɑnd]) is one of the three lands, the others being Vinland and Markland, seen by Bjarni Herjólfsson, encountered by Leif Erikson and
Helluland
Norse archaeological site in Newfoundland, Canada
ISBN 0-415-32756-3 (paperback). Seaver, Kirsten A. (2004). Maps, Myths, and Men: The Story of the Vinland Map. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4962-0
L'Anse_aux_Meadows
Icelandic saga
names the three lands Helluland, Markland, and Vinland. Later, Thorvald, Leif's brother, sets sail to Vinland and lives there until he gets killed by the
Saga_of_the_Greenlanders
10th century Icelandic explorer and colonist
prominently in the Norse exploration of North America as an early colonist of Vinland, while her brother, Leif Erikson, is credited in early histories of the
Freydís_Eiríksdóttir
Area in North America
Eriksson around 1000 AD. It was located south of Helluland and north of Vinland. Although it was never recorded to be settled by Norsemen, there were probably
Markland
11th-century German historian and chronicler
In his chronicle, he included a chapter mentioning the Norse outpost of Vinland, and was thus the first European to write about the New World. Little is
Adam_of_Bremen
Norse explorer (c. 970–c. 1020)
According to the sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, which is usually interpreted as being coastal North America. There is
Leif_Erikson
Archivist, librarian and cartographer
cartography. He is known for his attempts to prove the authenticity of the Vinland map. An enigmatic personality, Skelton was always known to his friends as
Raleigh_Ashlin_Skelton
Faked Viking runestone in Minnesota, US
an "Indian almanac". During this period, the journey of Leif Ericson to Vinland (North America) was being widely discussed and there was renewed interest
Kensington_Runestone
Phantom island
Major and Albania, was a land said by various Norsemen to be located near Vinland. In one report, in the Saga of Eric the Red, some skrælingar captured in
Great_Ireland
Icelandic explorer
Period source material available regarding Thorvald Eiriksson are the two Vinland sagas; the Greenland Saga and the Saga of Erik the Red. Although differing
Thorvald_Eiriksson
14th century Icelandic manuscript
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Hauksbók
Group of underwater plateaus south-east of Newfoundland
Project. Retrieved 2012-01-05. Seaver, Kirsten (2004). Maps, Myths, and Men: The Story of the Vinland Map. Stanford University Press. pp. 75–86. ISBN 978-0-8047-4962-6
Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland
American character actor (born 1961)
Episode: "Nixon's the One" Treasures Decoded Narrator (voice) Episode: "The Vinland Map" 2013 Nazi Mega Weapons Narrator (voice) Episode: "Fortress Berlin" Television
Corey_Johnson_(actor)
Norwegian explorer (1899–2001)
and is notable for its possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland established by Leif Ericson around the same time period or, more broadly
Helge_Ingstad
Norwegian historian and novelist (born 1934)
is known for her 2004 book, Maps, Myths, and Men: The Story of the Vinland Map, on the history of the Vinland Map – a map whose authenticity has been
Kirsten_Seaver
15th-century phantom island
reference to Antilia and Satanazes. The controversial and possibly fake Vinland map, dated by its supporters around 1440, shows the outlines of Antillia
Antillia
1247 ethnographic report
been bound with the Vinland map, a modern forgery. It is part of the Beinecke collection at Yale University Library. Unlike the map, the Relation was generally
Tartar_Relation
Extinct North Germanic language
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Greenlandic_Norse
Norwegian archaeologist (1918–1997)
her husband in the 1984 National Film Board of Canada documentary The Vinland Mystery. Anne Stine Ingstad died in November 1997 at the age of 79, leaving
Anne_Stine_Ingstad
Historic map of the Western hemisphere
least place it on an equal footing with the 1424 nautical map of Zuane Pizzigano). Vinland map Winter, 1938: p.151 Alexander von Humboldt (Examen critique
Weimar_map
15th-century codex in an unknown script
found on the Cascajal Block Rongorongo Undeciphered writing systems Vinland Map St. James: The Book of the 7 Dispensation The smallest estimated number
Voynich_manuscript
Norse explorer
Erik's son Leif Erikson became the first Norseman to explore the land of Vinland—part of North America, presumably near modern-day Newfoundland—and invited
Erik_the_Red
Area of Norse Greenland
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Eastern_Settlement
Historical work by Ari Þorgilsson
deduce that the people who lived there were related to the skrælingjar of Vínland. King Olaf I of Norway sends the missionary priest Þangbrandr to Iceland
Íslendingabók
American judge (1897–1968)
occurred on the basis that the alleged Vinland Map was a falsification. Subsequent scholars agree that the map is a forgery, but L'Anse aux Meadows is
Michael_Musmanno
Medieval Icelandic manuscript
Grœnlendinga saga ("History of the Greenlanders"), giving an account of the Vinland colony with some differences from the account contained in Eiríks saga
Flateyjarbók
Archive at Yale University in Connecticut
Brodsky Bryher Mary Butts Rachel Carson Cartography, including the "Vinland Map" Cary Collection of Playing Cards Ernst Cassirer Congregationalism Joseph
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Beinecke_Rare_Book_and_Manuscript_Library
Place in Greenland, Kingdom of Denmark
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Ivittuut
Icelandic clergyman and the first bishop of Greenland (11th–12th centuries)
Zeitschrift, p. 15. 03 January 2019. Seaver, Kirsten A. (2004). Maps, myths, and men : the story of the Vinland map. Stanford University Press. p. 32.
Erik_Gnupsson
Icelandic explorer who saw North America in 986
crew and set off to find him. But in that summer of 986, Bjarni, who had no map or compass, was blown off course by a storm. He saw a piece of land that
Bjarni_Herjólfsson
Farms in Greenland by Norsemen
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Western_Settlement
Group of islands between Iceland and Greenland
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Gunnbjörn's_skerries
Month of 1965
Alabama from 1939 to 1943 Hans Nielsen, 53, German film actor The Vinland Map, a map claiming to be created by 15th-century Vikings which would indicate
October_1965
Speculative historical theories
the indigenous peoples of the Americas Pre-Columbian rafts Vinland Map – Forged 'Norse' map of North America Westford Knight – Pattern on a rock in the
Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories
English writer (1914–2005)
Italian (1965), French (1966), Spanish (1967), and Polish (1972) 1965: The Vinland Map and the Tartar Relation (with R. A. Skelton and Thomas E. Marston). New
George_D._Painter
Danish historian, translator and antiquarian (1795–1864)
exploration. At the time of Rafn's research, the Norse sagas concerning Vinland were considered by most scholars to be mere legends. The ideas advanced
Carl_Christian_Rafn
Archaeological site in Nunavut, Canada
Iceland. It may be in the region of Helluland, spoken of in the Icelandic Vinland sagas (Saga of the Greenlanders and Saga of Erik the Red). Moreau Maxwell
Tanfield_Valley
American skeptic and paranormal investigator (1944–2025)
forgeries of Daniel Boone's musket, Mark Hofmann's Mormon papers, and the Vinland Map. According to Publishers Weekly, Crime Science: Methods of Forensic Detection
Joe_Nickell
Stones with alleged runic inscriptions
intended to suggest that the Vinland of the sagas was associated with Maine. An entry in Medieval Scandinavia: an Encyclopedia says map and text 'include a cluster
Spirit_Pond_runestones
Unincorporated community in Kansas, United States
Vinland is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is located south of Lawrence and north of Baldwin City. The first
Vinland,_Kansas
Fjord in Vinland in the Sagas of Icelanders
Straumsfjord or Straumfjord, is according to the Sagas of Icelanders a fjord in Vinland where Thorfinn Karlsefni set up a temporary settlement. It is described
Straumfjörð
Type of evidence of physical contact
The Vinland Map identified as a forgery through chemical analysis in 2018
Trace_evidence
1994 British television series
Codes: Writings, Runes and Other Riddles" 1994-11-04 Topics include Vinland Map, Robert McGhee (archaeologist), Kensington Runestone, Birgitta Wallace
Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe
Arthur_C._Clarke's_Mysterious_Universe
Canadian historian
Treasures Decoded, in which he argued against the authenticity of the Vinland Map. He is a cricket enthusiast, and has published a popular article on the
Richard_Raiswell
Town in Connecticut, United States
sculptor Laurence Witten, antiquarian collector and dealer who sold the Vinland map—later found to be a forgery—to Yale University Jimmy Destri founding
Madison,_Connecticut
American book dealer and collector of antiquities (1926 - 1995)
This dedication was most evident in his acquisition and sale of the Vinland Map, and its associated manuscripts, between 1957 and 1959. Even after he
Laurence_Claiborne_Witten_II
Library system of Yale University
000 volumes, including a Gutenberg Bible, the Voynich manuscript, the Vinland map, and the papers and manuscripts of major authors and artists, with particular
Yale_University_Library
Calendar year
236. ISBN 9781101502006. Seaver, Kirsten A. (2004). Maps, Myths, and Men: The Story of the Vinland Map. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 292
1124
Historic site on the Atlantic coast of Canada
Labrador Markland Norse colonization of the Americas Skálholt Vinland Map Thorfinn Karlsefni Vinland Parcak, Sarah; Mumford, Gregory (November 8, 2017). "Point
Point_Rosee
California, Irvine opens its doors. October 9 – Yale University presents the Vinland map. October 10 – The first group of Cuban refugees travels to the U.S. October
1965_in_the_United_States
1245–1247 report by Giovanni da Pian del Carpine
"Notes and Remarks on the Newly Discovered Tartar Relation and the Vinland Map". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 86 (4): 373–376. doi:10.2307/596494
Ystoria_Mongalorum
Month of 1974
of the Office of Military History Yale University announced that the Vinland map, which purportedly showed the portion of North America explored by Leif
January_1974
Foreign explorer in the Norse discovery of America
are vines in plenty.” This caused Leif to give the country the name of Vinland.[citation needed] Tyrker's origin has often been claimed by various nationalist
Tyrker
British archaeology television series
travels to North America in the wake of the 1965 publication of the Vinland Map. Magnusson examines the Flatey Book at Denmark's Royal Library. 2 "Nimrud:
Chronicle (British TV programme)
Chronicle_(British_TV_programme)
Italian monk and chronicler (1283–1344)
the Manipolus florum seu Historia Mediolanensis; he is also known for a map of Milan c. 1330. Fiamma was born in 1283 to a family of notaries in Milan
Galvano_Fiamma
Italian prelate (1205–1266)
English translation in R.A. Skelton, T.E. Marston, and G.D. Painter, The Vinland Map and the Tartar Relation (New Haven 1965) 54–101. William of Rubruck,
Roger_of_Torre_Maggiore
American writer (1889-1991)
North America, Einar Haugen points out that Pohl's interpretation of the Vinland Map, now proven to be a hoax, "puts the Vikings in Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico
Frederick_J._Pohl
Month in 1916
paranormal historical artifacts including the Shroud of Turin and the Vinland map; in Wilmington, Delaware, United States (d. 2002)[citation needed] Jurij
June_1916
University of Chicago Press: Washburn, Wilcomb (1971). Proceedings of the Vinland Map Conference. Newberry Library. ISBN 0-226-87394-3. Medina, Pedro (1972)
Society for the History of Discoveries
Society_for_the_History_of_Discoveries
Icelandic merchant brothers
of a voyage to newly discovered Vinland. Each agreed to take 30 crewmembers, but Freydis secretly took more. In Vinland, there was tension between the
Helgi_and_Finnbogi
Danish geographer (1388–?)
ISBN 978-0-226-31633-8. Seaver, Kirsten A. (2004). Maps, Myths, and Men : the Story of the Vinland Map. Stanford University Press. pp. 226–230. ISBN 0-8047-4962-0
Claudius_Clavus
1990 novel by William T. Vollmann
a Ship among Ships / the Norse Ship-berths** the Voyage to Vinland -- ca. 1007 / the Map of Sigurdur Stefansson / Waves and Loneliness / Ginnunga Gap
The_Ice-Shirt
Silverberg, Karen Haber, ISBN 0-385-26771-1. "Vinland the Dream" (in Remaking History, later in Vinland the Dream) Originally published in Asimov's Science
Kim Stanley Robinson bibliography
Kim_Stanley_Robinson_bibliography
Icelandic explorer
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Snæbjörn_galti
10th-century Norse explorer
Valley Straumfjörð Alleged artifacts Maine penny Skálholt Map Kensington Runestone Vinland Map Explorers Erik the Red Leif Erikson Thorvald Eiriksson Freydís
Gunnbjörn_Ulfsson
Primordial void mentioned in the Gylfaginning
Skrellingsland; from thence it is not far to Vinland the Good, which some think goes out from Africa; between Vinland and Greenland is Ginnungagap, which flows
Ginnungagap
expert in microscopy, best known for work on the Shroud of Turin and the Vinland map Fred McLafferty (Ph.D. 1950; Peter J. W. Debye Professor of Chemistry)
List of Cornell University alumni (natural sciences)
List_of_Cornell_University_alumni_(natural_sciences)
Type of Norse merchant ship used by the Vikings
and horses, and stores to Norse settlements in Iceland, Greenland and Vinland as well as trading goods to trading posts in the British Isles, Continental
Knarr
Overview of and topical guide to forgery
created it Vinland map — an allegedly 15th-century map of the world, which would have been be the earliest map to depict America (or "Vinland") Amarna Princess
Outline_of_forgery
Phantom island allegedly off Newfoundland
Gastaldi map as "Bacalaos". Brasil (mythical island) Cape Cod Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories Sacred Cod of Massachusetts Vinland Diffie, Shafer
Bacalao_(phantom_island)
United States historic place
Vinland Grange Hall, located in Vinland, Kansas, United States, was built in 1884. It historically served as a meeting hall and as a business.[clarification
Vinland_Grange_Hall
Historic church in Kansas, United States
Vinland Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Baldwin, Kansas. Its Gothic Revival style building was constructed in 1879 and added to the National
Vinland_Presbyterian_Church
Italian navigator and explorer (c. 1450 – c. 1500)
European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary
John_Cabot
Continent
references to North America are in Norse sagas where it is referred to as Vinland. The earliest verifiable instance of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
North_America
Island portion of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Site by UNESCO, it is believed to be the Vinland settlement of explorer Leif Erikson. (The Icelandic Skálholt map of 1570 refers to the area as "Promontorium
Newfoundland_(island)
2020 video game
in the game include Winchester, London, and York. Parts of Norway and Vinland are also included, while dreamscapes of Asgard and Jotunheim also feature
Assassin's_Creed_Valhalla
Historical province of Sweden
Leif Erikson acquired about 15 years later for Leif's famed landing on Vinland. Christianization of Härjedalen took place after the Battle of Stiklestad
Härjedalen
Unincorporated community in Kansas, United States
(16 km) east of the Topeka city limit. Stull first appeared on territorial maps in 1857. During this time, the settlement was called Deer Creek. It is unclear
Stull,_Kansas
Names that speakers of Old Norse assigned to foreign places and peoples
shelters". A settlement in Vinland. Ljóðhús "song house"? Isle of Lewis in the United Kingdom. Madksjo "Sea of worms". Sea near Vinland. Markland "Forest Land"
List_of_Old_Norse_exonyms
Township in Kansas, United States
cemeteries: Baldwin City, Brumbaugh, Oakwood, Old Black Jack, Prairie City and Vinland. The stream of Wymore Creek runs through this township. Wakarusa Township
Palmyra Township, Douglas County, Kansas
Palmyra_Township,_Douglas_County,_Kansas
Neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota
centered on Duluth's Vinland Street, where the elementary school, affiliated with Proctor's school district, is located. Vinland Street begins in Proctor
Bayview_Heights_(Duluth)
Landmass comprising North and South America
ISBN 978-0-8020-9401-8. "Vinland". Canadian Museum of Civilization. Archived from the original on November 10, 2010. Curran, James Watson (1939). Here was Vinland: The Great
Americas
United States historic place
Santa Fe Railway Following station Nowhere toward Ottawa Ottawa – Lawrence Vinland toward Lawrence Preceding station Missouri Pacific Railroad Following station
Downs_station
Historic railroad depot in Kansas, US
Preceding station Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Following station Nowhere toward Ottawa Ottawa – Lawrence Vinland toward Lawrence
Baldwin_City_station
Norse seafarers, merchants and raiders
far as the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, Greenland, and Vinland (present-day Newfoundland in Canada, North America). In their countries
Vikings
Species of tree
www.chronline.com. 2021-05-07. Wallace, B.L. "L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland: an abandoned experiment," Contact, Continuity, and Collapse: the Norse
Juglans_cinerea
Venetian cartographer
This island may represent elements of the Norse sagas of Greenland and Vinland, which had begun to filter south around this time; the indigenous Skrælings
Zuane_Pizzigano
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