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of the "Upper Satrapies" was created already during the late Achaemenid Empire, where superior military commands covering several satrapies are attested
Upper_Satrapies
Greek general, satrap and Diadoch (361–315 BC)
satraps of the upper satrapies. These letters ordered the satraps, in the kings' names, to join him with all their forces. The upper satraps had already
Eumenes
Hellenistic state in West Asia (312–63 BC)
power, Seleucus was easily able to establish control and conquer the Upper Satrapies. Antigonos sent his son Demetrius to Babylon with a very large army
Seleucid_Empire
Macedonian general, founder of Antigonid dynasty (382–301 BC)
threatening the upper satrapies. Eumenes wanted to march westward, and cut Antigonus's lines of supply, but the satraps refused to abandon their satrapies and forced
Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus
4th century BCE Macedonian officer, Antigonid governor of Media
satrap of Media and the adjoining provinces, commonly termed the "Upper Satrapies", which he continued to hold until 311 BCE when Seleucus made himself
Nicanor_(satrap)
Ancient Macedonian military commander
Empire), Peithon tried to expand his power over the eastern satrapies. He invaded the satrapy of Parthia, killed its satrap Philip, and made his brother
Peithon
following years, Tlepolemus joined a coalition formed by governors of Upper Satrapies with the purpose of fighting Peithon, later assisting Eumenes in his
Tlepolemus_(general)
Historical region in the south-east of the Caspian sea
appointed Nicanor satrap of Hyrcania and Parthia, also known as the upper satrapies, in 315 BC and continued in this office until his death during the
Hyrcania
3rd-century BC Seleucid satrap
his court, induced the two brothers to form the plan of causing the upper satrapies of the kingdom to revolt. It seems to have been the secret wish of
Alexander_(satrap)
Antiochus IV Epiphanes leaves to the east for an expedition to the Upper Satrapies (Babylonia and Persia). Battle of Emmaus: Judas Maccabeus defeats a
Timeline of the Second Temple period
Timeline_of_the_Second_Temple_period
Macedonian general and regent (355–320 BC)
improving his own position in Asia. During the winter of 323 BC in the Upper Satrapies, specifically in Bactria (in modern-day Afghanistan), a rebellion had
Perdiccas
Ancient Cypriot general
hetairoi of Alexander the Great and rose to govern several of the eastern satrapies of his empire. Appointed satrap of Aria in 329 BC, with Drangiana added
Stasanor
King of the Seleucid Empire, 261–246 BC
known about any Antiochus II's activities in regards to the eastern Upper Satrapies such as Media, Parthia, Bactria or Persis. Chiefly preoccupied with
Antiochus_II_Theos
Period of Yervanduni kingdom
region controlled by the Orontid dynasty (570–201 BC), was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC that later became an independent
Satrapy_of_Armenia
Battle in 309 BC
Antigonus managed to escape and gave up on the idea of reconquering the upper satrapies leaving the east to Seleucus. Richard A. Billows, Antigonos the One-Eyed
Battle_of_the_25_of_Abu
315 BCE land battle of the Second War of the Diadochi
Syria into Mesopotamia, with the idea of gathering support in the upper satrapies. When Antigonus arrived in Syria, he found out Eumenes had left his
Battle_of_Gabiene
Seleucid King of Syria from 150 to 142 BC
been overstated. Meanwhile, the Seleucid positions in the eastern Upper Satrapies, already weakened by the previous kings' failure to contain the Parthians
Alexander_Balas
Persian defeat, Barsaentes accompanied Darius III in his flight to the Upper Satrapies. There he conspired against Darius III with other Persian grandees
Barsaentes
Battle between Seleucid and Ptolemaic forces as part of the Fifth Syrian War
he had at the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC. Having re-conquered the Upper Satrapies in the previous years, he could draw upon a larger resource base than
Battle_of_Panium
Satrap of Commagene from 163 to 130 BC
this period is unclear. Seleucid satrapies were composed of smaller units called eparchies, which functioned as satrapies in miniature, each governed by
Ptolemaeus_of_Commagene
Calendar year
manages to take it by storm. Nicanor, Antigonus' commander of the Upper Satrapies, marches against Seleucus from Media (where he was stationed) with
311_BC
Rock statue on Mount Behistun, Iran
son of Pantauchos, for the safety of Kleomenes, Commander of the Upper Satrapies, of the satraps. ἔτους δξρ᾽, μηνὸς Πανήμου, Ἡρακλῆν Καλλίνικον Ὑάκινθος
Statue of Hercules in Behistun
Statue_of_Hercules_in_Behistun
Calendar year
conquest of the eastern provinces of the Macedonian Empire; the so-called Upper Satrapies. Ptolemy crosses from Asia Minor into Greece, where he takes possession
308_BC
Military action in 309 BC
Antigonus managed to escape and gave up on the idea of reconquering the upper satrapies, leaving the east to Seleucus. Richard A. Billows, Antigonos the One-Eyed
Third_siege_of_Babylon
conquest of Parthia Greco-Bactrian Revolt by Didotus I Seleucid Empire Upper Satrapies Parthia-Hyrcania led by Andragoras Bactria led by Diodotids Arsacid
List of wars involving Iran (before 1979)
List_of_wars_involving_Iran_(before_1979)
Wars of succession
or Parthian excursion was defeated decisively by the viceroy of the Upper Satrapies, Kleomenes, in the summer of 148, his victory being commemorated by
Seleucid_Dynastic_Wars
Decade
conquest of the eastern provinces of the Macedonian Empire; the so-called Upper Satrapies. Ptolemy crosses from Asia Minor into Greece, where he takes possession
300s_BC_(decade)
Region of Near East between 539–330 BC
Achaemenid Empire in Upper Mesopotamia from 539 to 330 BC as a military protectorate state. Although sometimes regarded as a satrapy, Achaemenid royal inscriptions
Achaemenid_Assyria
Achaemenid satraps of Cappadocia
331 BCE. Cyrus the Younger, 408–401 BCE. Son of Darius II who held the satrapies of Lydia (including Ionia), Greater Phrygia, and Cappadocia. He died in
List of Achaemenid satraps of Cappadocia
List_of_Achaemenid_satraps_of_Cappadocia
525–404 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)
Eisenbrauns. p. 215. ISBN 9781575061207. electricpulp.com. "ACHAEMENID SATRAPIES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-09-30
Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt
343–332 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)
Dynasty or Dynasty 31), also known as the Second Egyptian Satrapy, was effectively a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC. It was
Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt
Historical region of Georgia
retreated near the shores of the Upper Sea. Later, Tiglath-Pileser I went to fight the kings of the shores of the Upper Sea. In the Yonjalu inscription
Colchis
Province of the Achaemenid Empire
Olmstead's Hindush is the Punjāb east of the Indus - as his first Map, "Satrapies of the Persian Empire ", makes perfectly clear. M. A. Dandamaev. "A Political
Hindush
Decade
manages to take it by storm. Nicanor, Antigonus' commander of the Upper Satrapies, marches against Seleucus from Media (where he was stationed) with
310s_BC
Ancient Persian conquest in the Indian subcontinent
Several satrapies were founded by the Achaemenid empire in the Indian subcontinent, including; Gandāra satrapy Hindush satrapy Sattagydia satrapy Other
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley
Region of the Seleucid Empire
Laodiceia (xvi. p. 749). It also comprehended, according to Strabo, four satrapies; and it is clear that he uses the name in a much wider sense than Ptolemy
Seleucis_of_Syria
Conflicts of Alexander the Great (336–323 BC)
Darius, meanwhile, dispatched letters to his eastern satrapies asking them to remain loyal. The satrapies, however, had other intentions, and quickly capitulated
Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great
Calendar year
the treaty, Caucasian Albania will follow suit. Rome also gains five satrapies beyond the Tigris, which are perhaps given to Tiridates to administer
299
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
relations with his new satrapies, Alexander turned to the Indian subcontinent. He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara (in the present-day
Alexander_the_Great
Geographical region in Turkey
speakers until the early 1st millennium AD. Like in the rest of the western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, Persians had moved in Cilicia, and archaeological
Cilicia
Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
more rarely Transeuphratena; French: Transeuphratène). Functioning as a satrapy, it was originally administered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire before being
Eber-Nari
Ancient Greek military campaign in Indus Valley
Iranian) in 326 BC to cement his relations with his new Central Asian satrapies, Alexander was finally free to turn his attention to India. For Alexander
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
Indian_campaign_of_Alexander_the_Great
Persian ruler from 522 to 486 BCE
provinces called satrapies (or archi) which were each assigned to a satrap (archon) and specified fixed tributes that the satrapies were required to pay
Darius_the_Great
Historical region in modern Turkmenistan
historical region centred on the oasis of Merv and was a minor satrapy within the Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid
Margiana
Central Asian historical region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers
the Syr Darya to its north. The region of Transoxiana was one of the satrapies (provinces) of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia under the name Sogdia.
Transoxiana
Macedonian general, Diadochus, and founder of the Seleucid Empire
part of Alexander's empire. Seleucus further made claim to the former satrapies in Gandhara and in northwest India. However these ambitions were contested
Seleucus_I_Nicator
King of the Achaemenid Empire from 405/4 to 359/8 BC
who assembled an army composed of troops from his Lydian and Ionian satrapies as well as Greek mercenaries in his bid for the throne. The forces of
Artaxerxes_II
Valley in Pakistan
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley, the region was incorporated as the satrapy of Gandāra. In 327 BCE, Alexander the Great fought his way to Odigram and
Swat_Valley
Ancient Indian empire (c. 321–185 BCE)
Kosmin, "Seleucus transferred to Chandragupta's kingdom the easternmost satrapies of his empire, certainly Gandhara, Parapamisadae, and the eastern parts
Maurya_Empire
Founder of the Achaemenid Empire
region of conquered kingdoms, achieved through retaining and expanding the satrapies. Further organization of newly conquered territories into provinces ruled
Cyrus_the_Great
King of the Achaemenid Empire from 336 to 330 BC)
Asia, and Darius may well have supposed that the satraps of the 'lower' satrapies could deal with the crisis, so he instead decided to remain at home in
Darius_III
Ancient Persian military campaign (525 BC)
History. Times Books. p. 79. ISBN 0723003041. electricpulp.com. "ACHAEMENID SATRAPIES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-09-30
First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
First_Achaemenid_conquest_of_Egypt
and Antigonus gladly seized this pretext to require him to resign his satrapy. Arrhidaeus, however, refused to resign and shut himself up in Cius. Justin
Arrhidaeus
Province of the Sasanian Empire
lands: Fars Persis, Pahlav (Parthia) (......) and all of Abarshahr (all the upper (eastern, Parthian) provinces), Kerman (Kirman), Sakastan, Turgistan, Makuran
Paradan
Ancient Armenian deity
such as Mihran, Mihrdat and Mehruzhan. After the fall of the Urartu, the Satrapy of Armenia had replaced it by the late 6th century, and the Armenian people
Mihr_(Armenian_deity)
Historical region in Central Asia
Inscription of Darius the Great as one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire; it was a special satrapy, ruled by a crown prince or an intended heir
Bactria
Ancient Iranian kingdom (c. 323 BC – 226 AD)
amongst the diadochi at the Partition of Babylon. The former Achaemenid satrapy of Media was divided into two states: The greater (southern) part – Media
Atropatene
Historical region in Central Anatolia, Turkey
later kings of the Persian Empire, the Cappadocians were divided into two satrapies, or governments, with one comprising the central and inland portion, to
Cappadocia
Spartan domination of parts of Greece (404–371 BC)
recruited a large army of 20,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry from their Satrapies and marched on Ephesus, Sparta's base of operations in Asia-Minor. Dercylidas
Spartan_hegemony
City in Turkey
consolidate the eastern Black Sea region into a single political entity (a satrapy). Trebizond's trade partners included the Mossynoeci. When Xenophon and
Trabzon
4th-century BC Macedonian general
BC Alexander appointed him governor of Lydia and the other parts of the satrapy of Spithridates, and also placed under his command an army of cavalry and
Asander
Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)
appointed a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the
Parthian_Empire
Series of conflicts in the 5th century BC
Minor in the summer and autumn of 481 BC. The armies from the Eastern satrapies were gathered in Kritala, Cappadocia and were led by Xerxes to Sardis
Greco-Persian_Wars
Province of the Sasanian Empire
lands: Fars Persis, Pahlav (Parthia) (......) and all of Abarshahr (all the upper (eastern, Parthian) provinces), Kerman (Kirman), Sakastan, Turgistan, Makuran
Turan_(Sasanian_province)
301 BC battle of the Wars of the Diadochi in Phrygia (modern Turkey)
territories of the Macedonian empire (Asia Minor, Syria and the vast eastern satrapies). This left Antigonus in prime position to claim overall rule over the
Battle_of_Ipsus
Ancient Egyptian city
the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods
Thebes,_Egypt
Kings of Armenia and later Sophene and Commagene
escape through Armenia. At this time, Armenia was organized into two satrapies, divided by the Teleboas River: one ruled by Orontes, and another, distinguished
Orontid_dynasty
Period of Egyptian history
which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule
History_of_ancient_Egypt
Residents of the ancient Near East until the end of antiquity
exist as geo-political entities, albeit as occupied satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire. In the satrapy of Assyria (Athura) the Imperial Aramaic language
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples
Country in West Asia
diplomatic languages of their empire, as well as the Assyrian name for the new satrapy of Aram/Syria Eber-Nari. Syria was conquered by the Macedonian Empire which
Syria
331 BC – 428 AD monarchy in Ancient Near East
(189 BC – 12 AD), and Arsacid (52–428). The root of the kingdom lies in the Satrapy of Armenia of the Achaemenid Empire of Iran, which was formed from the
Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)
Geopolitical region in Azerbaijan
(/nəˌɡɔːrnoʊ kərəˈbɑːk/ , nə-GOR-noh kər-ə-BAHK;[failed verification] lit. 'Upper Karabakh') is a region located within the territory of present-day Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
Indo-European people in ancient southeast Europe
through the valley-route of the Hebros river. Darius sought to create a new satrapy in the Balkans, and had sent emissaries to many Thracian tribes on the
Thracians
Country in North Africa
(Khēmía). Another name was ⟨tꜣ-mry⟩ "land of the riverbank". The names of Upper and Lower Egypt were Ta-Sheme'aw (⟨tꜣ-šmꜥw⟩) "sedgeland" and Ta-Mehew (⟨tꜣ
Egypt
Ancient Egyptian script
Demotic are dated to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty and the subsequent rule as a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, which was known as the Twenty-seventh Dynasty
Demotic_Egyptian_script
Body armour for a war horse
of cavalry originated in central Asia and was adopted by the eastern satrapies of the ancient Persian Empire. The Seleucid cataphract used scale armour
Barding
Historical name of the Turkish Biga Peninsula
poleis that coined money in their own names. The region was part of the satrapy (province) of Hellespontine Phrygia of the Achaemenid Empire until its
Troad
306; Clayton 2001, pp. 206–207. Tolley, Harry (2019). "The End of the Satrapies: The Date of Alexander IV's Death" (PDF). Athens Journal of History. 5
List_of_pharaohs
Ancient geopolitical region of Anatolia (Turkey)
were related to any satrap, probably not. Herodotus said that Satrapy 1 (the satrapies were numbered) consisted of Ionia, Magnesia, Aeolia, Caria, Lycia
Lycia
Cradle of civilization in North Africa
Egypt around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower Egypt were united by Menes, who is believed by the majority of
Ancient_Egypt
Hellenistic-era Greek state in Egypt (305–30 BC)
Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, conquered Egypt, which at the time was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire later called Egypt's Thirty-first Dynasty. He
Ptolemaic_Kingdom
Seleucid satrap (died 220 BC)
satrap of the Seleucid king Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC). He held the satrapy of Media at the accession of that monarch (223 BC); in addition to which
Molon
Period of eastern Mediterranean history from 323 to 30 BC
empire that was composed of many essentially autonomous territories called satrapies. Without a chosen successor, there were immediate disputes among his generals
Hellenistic_period
Historical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)
encompassed central Anatolia, southwestern Syria as far as Ugarit, and upper Mesopotamia. After 1180 BC, amid general turmoil in the Levant, which is
Bronze_Age
One of the twelve Tribes of Israel
their territory in the end lay northeast of that of Naphtali, east of the upper Jordan River, near its eastern sources, and defining the northern extent
Tribe_of_Dan
Land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece (479 BC)
marched in a day when Athens was attacked, concluded that 75,000 was the upper limit for the size of the Persian army, including the supply personnel and
Battle_of_Plataea
Province of Pakistan
modern-day Rohṛī. The Achaemenids conquered the region and established the satrapy of Hindush. The territory may have corresponded to the area covering the
Sindh
Ancient state in West Asia
This event was followed by a series of rebellions in the Achaemenid satrapies. When Darius suppressed these rebellions and stayed in Babylon, a certain
Median_kingdom
Ruler of the Achaemenid Empire from 530 to 522 BC
rebellion in Persia. Before he left the country, he made Egypt into a satrapy under the governorship of the Persian Aryandes. According to Herodotus
Cambyses_II
Period in ancient Egyptian history ( 664 BCE–332 BCE)
by the expansive Achaemenid Empire under Cambyses, and Egypt become a satrapy. The Persians came to dominate Egypt, but Egypt remained independent until
Late_Period_of_Egypt
Semi-desert coastal region in Iran and Pakistan
Seleucus made a peace settlement in 304 BCE. Seleucus I Nicator ceded the satrapies, including Gedrosia, to the expanding Mauryan Empire. The alliance was
Makran
Archeological site in Macedonia, Greece
Amphipolis, appointed joint military governor of Babylon and the other satrapies as far as Cilicia by Alexander the Great Xena – In the television series
Amphipolis
Country in West Asia
was part of the Maka satrapy of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. By the time of the conquests of Alexander the Great, the satrapy may have existed in some
Oman
Athens Sparta 372 BC 362 BC Revolt of the Satraps Achaemenid Empire Rebel satrapies 371 BC 371 BC First Spartan Revolt against the Boeotian League Boeotian
List_of_wars:_before_1000
Hebrew ethno-religious group in Canaan during the Iron Age
is located in lower Mesopotamia whilst others locate it further north in upper Mesopotamia, around northern Syria or southeastern Turkey. Theologians suggest
Israelites
Country in Central Asia
exerted control over the Amu Darya, incorporating Bactria and Chorasmia as satrapies. Historical Iranian texts later record the region as Turan. In 327 BC
Uzbekistan
Roman emperor from 284 to 305
between Persia and Rome; and Rome would exercise control over the five satrapies between the Tigris and Armenia: Ingilene, Sophanene (Sophene), Arzanene
Diocletian
Pre-independence history of Pakistan
introduced into the Indus Valley for the first time, establishing several satrapies: Gandāra around the general region of Gandhara, Hindush around Punjab
History_of_Pakistan
Writing system of the ancient Near East
the consonants m and n. Eugène Burnouf identified the names of various satrapies and the consonants k and z in 1833–1835. Christian Lassen contributed
Cuneiform
Ancient region and civilaztion in South Asia
Valley for the first time. Provinces or "satrapies" were established with provincial capitals. The Gandhara satrapy, established 518 BCE with its capital
Gandhara
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