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Underground education or clandestine education refers to various practices of teaching carried out at times and places where such educational activities
Underground_education
Topics referred to by the same term
Underground education in Poland may refer to: Education in Poland during World War II Flying University, an underground educational enterprise that operated
Underground education in Poland
Underground_education_in_Poland
Overview of education in occupied Poland during World War II
During World War II in Poland, education often took place underground. Secretly conducted education prepared scholars and workers for the postwar reconstruction
Education in Poland during World War II
Education_in_Poland_during_World_War_II
Critique of the U.S. education system by John Taylor Gatto
The Underground History of American Education: A Schoolteacher’s Intimate Investigation Into the Problem of Modern Schooling (ISBN 0-945700-05-9, pbk
The Underground History of American Education
The_Underground_History_of_American_Education
Polish government in exile during World War II in German-occupied Poland
Underground State encompassed not only military resistance, one of the largest in the world, but also civilian structures, such as justice, education
Polish_Underground_State
Urban park in Warsaw, Poland
Monument to the Underground Education Teachers by sculptor Antonina Wysocka-Jonczak. It is dedicated to the teachers of the underground education during the
Casimir_Park
Afghani teacher (born 1997)
Retrieved 2023-09-20. "My Organization Empowers Girls Through Education — By Running Underground Schools in Afghanistan". Global Citizen. 2023-02-07. Retrieved
Pashtana_Durrani
Social Education Company based in San Francisco, California, United States
Answer Underground was a social education company based in San Francisco, California. It developed an app for teachers and students to find information
Answer_Underground
Education in emergencies and conflict areas is the process of teaching and promoting quality education for children, youth, and adults in crisis-affected
Education in emergencies and conflict areas
Education_in_emergencies_and_conflict_areas
of enslaved individuals had escaped, often with the assistance of the Underground Railroad, to safe refuges in the Northern states and Canada. Literacy
Education during the slave period in the United States
Education_during_the_slave_period_in_the_United_States
Small informal illegal schools
which doubled as minor seminaries for the increasingly illegal and underground Catholic Church in Ireland. While the "hedge school" label suggests the
Hedge_school
Purported secret Greek Orthodox schools during Ottoman rule
(κρυφό σκολειό or κρυφό σχολείο, lit. 'secret school') was a supposed underground school for teaching the Greek language and Christian doctrine, provided
Krifo_scholio
American professor and activist
1969, Ayers co-founded the far-left militant organization the Weather Underground, a revolutionary group that sought to overthrow the United States government
Bill_Ayers
American left-wing militant organization (1969–1977)
The Weather Underground was an American Marxist militant organization active from 1969 until 1977. Originally known as the Weathermen, or simply Weatherman
Weather_Underground
Czech philosopher (born 1938)
involvement with the Jan Hus Educational Foundation, which ran an underground education network in the former Czechoslovakia, offering seminars in philosophy
Julius_Tomin
Music perceived as outside or opposed to mainstream popular music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial
Underground_music
2000 studio album by The Union Underground
...An Education in Rebellion is the only studio album by American nu metal band The Union Underground. Released on July 18, 2000, through Columbia, the
...An_Education_in_Rebellion
student ID Technikum Timeline of Polish science and technology Underground education in Poland during World War II Also called "zerówka" in Polish (0th
Education_in_Poland
quality of education at the government schools was low; most students needed additional tutoring before they could continue their education at gymnasiums
Clandestine Lithuanian schools
Clandestine_Lithuanian_schools
Network for fugitive slaves in 19th-century U.S.
The Underground Railroad was an organized network of secret routes and safe houses for fugitive slaves to escape to the abolitionist Northern United States
Underground_Railroad
American nu metal band
drummer Josh Memolo and bassist John Moyer. The Union Underground released its debut album, ...An Education in Rebellion, on July 18, 2000. The disc spent four
The_Union_Underground
Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina, US
Dismal Swamp, some of whom had never seen a White man. The Underground Railroad Education Pavilion, an exhibit set up to educate visitors about the fugitive
Great_Dismal_Swamp
fact, with support of the Polish Underground State, used his position to organize much of the Polish underground education in occupied Kraków. He resumed
Mieczysław_Małecki
Underground education network in the former Czechoslovakia
philosophers at the University of Cambridge. The group operated an underground education network in Czechoslovakia, then under Communist Party rule, running
Jan Hus Educational Foundation
Jan_Hus_Educational_Foundation
Member of the Polish and Jewish resistance movements in World War II
gentile and risked her life to visit ghettos, first to organize underground education and later to warn them of the impending mass extermination of Jews
Tosia_Altman
Former gymnasium in Pruzhany, Belarus
Republic, providing education at the level of an eight-year secondary school from 1922 to 1939 and in the form of underground education during World War
Adam_Mickiewicz_Gymnasium
the Nazis and Soviets, Polish underground cultural activities, including publications, concerts, live theater, education, and academic research, continued
Polish culture during World War II
Polish_culture_during_World_War_II
Index of lists with the same name
in Papua New Guinea Education in Paraguay Education in Peru Education in the Philippines Education in Poland Underground Education in Poland During World
List of education articles by country
List_of_education_articles_by_country
Welsh Roman Catholic priest and martyr
Cavalier poet Gwilym Puw, Davies turned the manor into a center of underground education, an illegal minor seminary, and the Welsh equivalent to Eilein Bàn
William_Davies_(priest)
American rock musician (1942–2013)
Velvet Underground and had a solo career that spanned five decades. Although not commercially successful during its existence, the Velvet Underground came
Lou_Reed
Polish activist, politician, and historian
a member of the Polish Underground State, responsible for organizing underground education. He was the Minister of Education in the Council of National
Czesław_Wycech
Open university in Iran
Institute for Higher Education (BIHE), is a unique open university in Iran, which has been incorrectly portrayed as an underground university, established
Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education
Baháʼí_Institute_for_Higher_Education
Underground Polish educational organization
Organization) was an underground Polish educational organization created in 1939 after the German invasion of Poland to provide underground education in occupied
Secret_Teaching_Organization
Polish educator (1890–1994)
special education in Poland" and worked particularly with orphans and children with special needs. She also participated in the underground education movement
Wanda_Szuman
1973 studio album by the Velvet Underground
Squeeze is the fifth and final studio album by the Velvet Underground, recorded in the autumn of 1972 and released in February 1973 by Polydor Records
Squeeze (The Velvet Underground album)
Squeeze_(The_Velvet_Underground_album)
Polish philosopher, poet, and diplomat (1919–2011)
He resumed his studies in philosophy during the World War II in underground education. His teachers were, among others: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Władysław
Andrzej_Nowicki_(philosopher)
2006 British animated children's television series
is set in the International Underground, a fictional worldwide underground railway network based on the London Underground, and focuses on the everyday
Underground_Ernie
Founder and former CEO of Operation Underground Railroad
Timothy Ballard is the founder and former CEO of Operation Underground Railroad (O.U.R.), an anti-sex trafficking organization. The 2023 thriller film
Tim_Ballard
Polish linguist
He fought in World War I and World War II, and took part in the underground education in WWII occupied Poland. He was one of the founders of the Polish
Zenon_Klemensiewicz
Underground laboratory in Lead, South Dakota
The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), or Sanford Lab, is an underground laboratory in Lead, South Dakota. The deepest underground laboratory
Sanford Underground Research Facility
Sanford_Underground_Research_Facility
study while others remained in Scotland. In what is now termed underground education, many attended illegal seminaries. An early seminary upon Eilean
Catholic_Church_in_Scotland
Polish politician
years hence." Member of the Polish Secret State, he took part in underground education in Poland during World War II. After the war, when Lwów was annexed
Stanisław_Kulczyński
Welsh musician (born 1942)
was a founding member of the influential American rock band the Velvet Underground, with whom he recorded two studio albums. Over his six-decade career
John_Cale
Polish historian and politician
concentration camp. After being freed in 1940, he took part in the underground education. In 1945, he was deputy to the State National Council. His works
Stanisław_Kutrzeba
Polish teacher, rebel, and Roman Catholic martyr
notice. She became involved in the underground education of children in Kraków and was a member of the Polish Underground State. In 1943, she volunteered
Natalia_Tułasiewicz
Human fed to typhus-infected lice
gathering in one place under the pretense of lice feeding and research, underground education and research often took place. The actual feeding time took only
Louse-feeder
American author and school teacher (1935–2018)
the Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling, and The Underground History of American Education: A Schoolteacher’s Intimate Investigation Into the Problem
John_Taylor_Gatto
Polish sociologist and ethnographer
in Pawiak for several months; he was one of the teachers in the underground education in Poland during World War II. After the war, Bystroń was a member
Jan_Stanisław_Bystroń
Polish photographer (1929–2025)
started education at the elementary school (Szkoła Heleny Chełmońskiej). After the outbreak of World War II he continued underground education. He took
Tadeusz_Rolke
Polish architect (1923–2023)
escape. During the occupation, she studied architecture through underground education. She graduated from the Building School in Warsaw. Immediately after
Wanda_Janicka
during the 1944 uprising. However, post-secondary education continued in Poland (see underground education in Poland during World War II). Following the war
Education in the Polish People's Republic
Education_in_the_Polish_People's_Republic
Polish Roman Catholic priest and martyr (1880–1943)
for days on end. Despite his hardships, he continued to conduct underground education, soon becoming a chaplain for the Home Army. On 15 July 1943, Beszta-Borowski
Antoni_Beszta-Borowski
Non-governmental organization
Committee on operational safety of underground facilities, committee for education and training, committee on underground space (ITACUS) and committee on
International Tunneling and Underground Space Association
International_Tunneling_and_Underground_Space_Association
Polish historian, professor, and politician (born 1958)
history at the University of Warsaw in 1979–1984, as well as in an underground education society [pl]. As a student, he engaged with anti-Communist movements
Jan_Żaryn
Darnton, Robert, 1982. The Literary Underground of the Old Regime. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. "Education Overview (1754–1783)." American Eras
Education in the Enlightenment
Education_in_the_Enlightenment
Math problem notebook in Lwów (1930s–1941)
in the Underground Warsaw University) Sergei Sobolev Hugo Steinhaus (spent World War II in hiding, teaching in illegal underground education) Ludwig
Scottish_Book
Country in South Asia
inaugurated in 2020, spans 27.1 km (16.8 mi), and includes both elevated and underground sections, accommodating over 250,000 passengers daily. Lahore also boasts
Pakistan
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
the Japanese occupation of the Philippines was opposed by large-scale underground guerrilla activity. Atrocities and war crimes were committed during the
Philippines
During World War Two, Pr. J. Pieter was an active participant in the Underground Education System that allowed students to follow a school and university curriculum
Józef_Pieter
Educational philosophy
Waldorf education, also known as Steiner education, is based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy. Its educational
Waldorf_education
Israeli Jewish right-wing militant group
The Jewish Underground (Hebrew: המחתרת היהודית HaMakhteret HaYehudit), or in abbreviated form, simply Makhteret, was a radical right-wing fundamentalist
Jewish_Underground
First black nurse during the American Civil War (1848-1912)
her and her brother to be educated through what was known as an "underground education". Under Georgia state law in the 1850s, it was illegal for enslaved
Susie_King_Taylor
2001 documentary film by Edet Belzberg
Children Underground is an American 2001 documentary film directed and produced by Edet Belzberg. The film which is set in Bucharest, Romania, explores
Children_Underground
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
Aydar, Erkan. "A Fascinating Gift from Volcanoes: The Fairy Chimneys and Underground Cities of Cappadocia". In Kuzucuoğlu, Çiner & Kazancı (2019), pp. 535–549
Turkey
Soviet-Israeli dissident and rabbi
Jewish Community. He created a network of Torah studies, children underground education and summer camps. In January 1986, after political deals between
Eliyahu_Essas
British philosopher (1926–2024)
was a founding member of the Jan Hus Educational Foundation, an underground education network, dedicated to providing philosophy books, seminars, and
Alan_Montefiore
Polish historian and politician
Poland by Nazi Germany he worked in Polish underground opposing German genocide of Poles by providing underground teaching, which was banned by German state
Zygmunt_Wojciechowski
American rock musician
The Union Underground, who played on Ozzfest 2001 and released an album An Education in Rebellion, which sold 350,000 copies. Union Underground broke up
Patrick_Kennison
"lice feeders" (1941–1944). During this time she took part in the underground education in Poland during World War II. In 1945 she became a member of the
Stefania_Skwarczyńska
World War II underground courts in occupied Poland
The underground courts (Polish: Sądy podziemne) were World War II secret courts in occupied Poland, organized by the Polish government-in-exile. The courts
Underground_court
1998 EP by Mogwai
No Education = No Future (Fuck the Curfew) is an EP by Scottish post-rock group Mogwai, released in the UK through Chemikal Underground in 1998. No Education
No Education = No Future (Fuck the Curfew)
No_Education_=_No_Future_(Fuck_the_Curfew)
American actor (born 1973)
Fargo. Woodbine also portrayed Daniel in season 2 of the WGN series Underground, Herman Schultz / Shocker in the film Spider-Man: Homecoming, and saxophonist
Bokeem_Woodbine
Failure. Praeger, 1996. 167 pp. Gatto, John Taylor. The Underground History of American Education: An Intimate Investigation into the Prison of Modern Schooling
Education in the United States
Education_in_the_United_States
American actor
Jackson in the 2016 film Hidden Figures, Noah in the WGN America series Underground, Matthew in Girlfriends, Jim Brown in the 2020 film One Night in Miami
Aldis_Hodge
2014, "Miami Ad School students teamed up with Pandora to create the "Underground Stations" campaign highlighting subway musicians." In 2012, Miami Ad
Miami_Ad_School
Public school in Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
the occupation period Stefan Batory Gymnasium teachers organized underground education for its students. In the post World War II period the name of the
Stephen Báthory 2nd Secondary School (Warsaw)
Stephen_Báthory_2nd_Secondary_School_(Warsaw)
Polish nun (1925–2010)
her parents' house in Kraków. There, Irena Popiel attended the underground education with a natural profile, organized by the Adam Mickiewicz High School
Irena_Popiel
United States historic place
has seven floors of gallery and exhibition space as well as an underground education studio and conservation lab. Warhol's primary artistic technique
Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh
Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh
Polish historian (1882–1945)
he took an active part in underground education in Poland during World War II and served as a professor in the underground Warsaw University. After 1942
Marceli_Handelsman
American rapper
underground hip-hop collective Living Legends and has built a multidisciplinary career spanning independent music, film, literature, youth education,
Sunspot_Jonz
University in Kraków, Poland
concentration camps. In spite of wartime repressions and deaths, underground education was carried out. In 1945 the teaching staff of the Faculty included
Pontifical University of John Paul II
Pontifical_University_of_John_Paul_II
university. During the Second World War, the association joined the underground education and made its library (i.e. the part which has not been requisitioned
Association of Law Students' Library of the Jagiellonian University
Association_of_Law_Students'_Library_of_the_Jagiellonian_University
Country in Southern and Western Europe
education are preschool education, primary education, secondary education and post-16 education. In regards to the professional development education
Spain
Technical university in Kraków, Poland
assistants were also involved in underground education, lecturing, and teaching classes for academic students. During the underground schooling action, 278 examinations
AGH_University_of_Kraków
American artist (1941–2021)
2021-10-13. Zucker, Adam (2020-01-01). "Underground Education". Artfully Learning. Retrieved 2021-10-13. "Downtown Underground: A Look at Subway Art". Village
Lee_Brozgol
United States historic place
One Nation Underground: The Fallout Shelter in American Culture. London: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-7522-5. "Education: Underground School".
Abo_Elementary_School
U.S.-based nonprofit organization
Our Rescue, previously known as Operation Underground Railroad (abbreviated O.U.R., previously styled as “OUR Rescue”), is a United States–based non-governmental
Our_Rescue
British actress (born 1996)
persuades fellow student Otis Milburn (Asa Butterfield) to start an underground sex therapy business at their school. She said, "For me, this is my first
Emma_Mackey
Polish economist and statistician
continued his research. He participated in underground education programs and worked with the Polish Underground State, preparing reports on the status of
Ludwik_Maurycy_Landau
Musical artist
Directorate of State Art Collections. During World War II, she organized underground education. From 1945, she worked as an assistant and lecturer in musicology
Alicja_Simon
Historic house in Ohio, United States
National Register of Historic Places and the Ohio Underground Railroad Association's list of Underground Railroad sites. This home featured many new and
Prospect_Place
Country in Central Europe
encompassed a range of clandestine activities, which functioned as an underground state complete with degree-awarding universities and a court system.
Poland
War Studies University Education in Poland List of universities and colleges in Kraków Open access in Poland Underground Education in Poland During World
List of universities in Poland
List_of_universities_in_Poland
American entrepreneur, automotive mechanic and television personality (born 1969)
TV. He also appeared in the 2004 skateboarding video game Tony Hawk's Underground 2. Born in Long Beach California in 1969 James played as an outside linebacker
Jesse James (television personality)
Jesse_James_(television_personality)
American artist and filmmaker (1928–1987)
Blow Job (1964) and Empire (1965). He subsequently directed a number of underground films—including Chelsea Girls (1966), Four Stars (1967), and Blue Movie
Andy_Warhol
African American educator (born c. 17989)
assisted freedom seekers through the Underground Railroad in Canada. After moving to Coshocton, Foster received an education, a valuable concept to his father
Prior_Foster
American radical political activist
American far-left radical activist, formerly a member of the Weather Underground and the May 19th Communist Organization (M19). Her mother was the researcher
Judith_Alice_Clark
American rapper (1963–2021)
the lead vocalist of the hip-hop group Digital Underground. He was responsible for Digital Underground's "The Humpty Dance", 2Pac's breakthrough single
Shock_G
Tabletop superhero role-playing game
Underground is a satirical "grim and gritty"-style superhero role playing game set in the near future. It was released by Mayfair Games in 1993 as a commentary
Underground (role-playing game)
Underground_(role-playing_game)
Building in Louisville, Kentucky
2015. "Louisville Mega Cavern". Minerals Education Coalition. Retrieved 2025-05-09. "Taking Surveying Underground". xyHt. 2024-04-02. Retrieved 2025-05-09
Mega_Cavern
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