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Archaeological theory
The two layer hypothesis, or two layer model, argues that Eastern and Southeastern Asia was initially occupied by hunter-gatherer groups considered to
Two_layer_hypothesis
Hoabinhian culture, and therefore mark the beginning of the second layer. Two layer hypothesis THE DA BUT CULTURE: EVIDENCE FOR CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN. VIETNAM
Đa_Bút_culture
Model of the neural processing of vision and hearing
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in papers
Two-streams_hypothesis
Prehistoric inhabitants in Japan
culture Satsumon culture Emishi Indigenous peoples of the Americas Two layer hypothesis "Jomon". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University
Jōmon_people
Aspect of Thai history
of what is now central Vietnam around 2,500 BP. The controversial Two layer hypothesis proposes a later migration of agricultural populations from the Yangtze
Initial_states_of_Thailand
Archaeological period, last part of the Stone Age (New Stone Age)
religion Neolithic tomb Ötzi Rock art of the Djelfa region Tabon Man Two layer hypothesis Neolithic in China Neolithic in the Near East "Neolithic". Oxford
Neolithic
National park in Sarawak, Malaysia
resembling the indigenous people of Borneo rather than Tasmanians or the two layer hypothesis which stated that original population of Southeast Asia were emigrated
Niah_National_Park
Hypothesized depth at which phytoplankton growth is matched by losses
Under his hypothesis, net production in the mixed layer exceeds losses only if the mixed layer is shallower than the critical depth. His hypothesis has often
Critical_depth
Hinduism in Southeast Asia Islam in Southeast Asia Greater India Two layer hypothesis Spratly Islands History of ASEAN History of Brunei History of Cambodia
History_of_Southeast_Asia
Asteroid impact hypothesis
down the largest known layer of sand separated by grain size directly above the peak ring. These strongly support the hypothesis that the impactor was
Alvarez_hypothesis
Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing
Boundary_layer
Upwelling of abnormally hot rock within Earth's mantle
plume model, two alternative explanations for the observed phenomena have been considered: the plate hypothesis and the impact hypothesis. Since the beginning
Mantle_plume
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
The giant-impact hypothesis, sometimes called the Theia Impact, is an astrogeology hypothesis for the formation of the Moon first proposed in 1946 by Canadian
Giant-impact_hypothesis
Hypothetical source of gospel contents
oldest layer of Q, they propose that Jesus functioned as a wisdom sage, rather than a rabbi, though not all members affirm the two-source hypothesis. Kloppenborg
Q_source
Scientific hypothesis about Earth
The Gaia hypothesis (/ˈɡaɪ.ə/), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their
Gaia_hypothesis
Method of statistical inference
population can be a hypothesis (but not a statement about the sample). The test compares two hypotheses: a default "null" hypothesis (denoted H0) and its
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Burial site in Banteay Meanchey, Cambodia
Snay and other modern Southeast Asian areas lends itself to the two-layer hypothesis. The people at Phum Snay were less affected by the substantial gene
Phum_Snay
Layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld igneous complex, South Africa
The Merensky Reef is a layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in the North West, Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South
Merensky_Reef
Models for cell membranes
In comparing the two, they calculated an estimated ratio of 2:1 Mono-layer of lipids: Plasma membrane. This supported their hypothesis, which led to the
Membrane_models
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.
Cerebral_cortex
Purported ancient tribal confederation of the Late Bronze Age
Mediterranean regions around 1200 BC during the Late Bronze Age. The hypothesis was proposed by the 19th-century Egyptologists Emmanuel de Rougé and Gaston
Sea_Peoples
American evolutionary biologist (1938–2011)
symbiotic mergers of bacteria. Margulis was the co-developer of the Gaia hypothesis with the British chemist James Lovelock, proposing that the Earth functions
Lynn_Margulis
Hypothesized source document containing sayings attributed to Jesus
established two layers in the Gospel of Thomas, a Sapiential Layer and Gnostic Layer. The Sapiential Layer contains wisdom speeches and the Gnostic Layer contains
Common_Sayings_Source
1937 airship fire in the US
Fabric Hypothesis". Archived from the original on December 2, 2002. Retrieved June 30, 2008. Two Articles Rejecting the Flammable Fabric Hypothesis "An article
Hindenburg_disaster
Discontinuity where the bottom of the planet's mantle meets the outer layer of the core
lower mantle was the D layer. In 1949, Bullen found his 'D' layer to actually be two different layers. The upper part of the D layer, about 1,800 km thick
Core–mantle_boundary
Conceptual theory of cerebral cortex development
The Radial Unit Hypothesis (RUH) is a conceptual theory of cerebral cortex development, first described by Pasko Rakic. It states that the cerebral cortex
Radial_unit_hypothesis
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
feedforward layers. There are two major types of transformer layers: encoder layers and decoder layers, with further variants. Un-embedding layer, which converts
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Volcanism away from plate margins
regions seemed to require, Morgan modified the hypothesis, shifting the source to a thermal boundary layer. Because of the perceived fixity of some volcanic
Intraplate_volcanism
in two editorial phases: the Deuteronomic and the Priestly phases. By contrast, scholars such as John Van Seters advocate a supplementary hypothesis, which
Composition_of_the_Torah
Worldwide glaciation episodes during the Proterozoic eon
exposed. This global glaciation hypothesis is most commonly associated with the Cryogenian Period, which included two major glacial episodes: the Sturtian
Snowball_Earth
Phylum of gelatinous marine animals
species. Their bodies consist of a mass of jelly (mesoglea) with a two-cell-thick layer on the outside, and another lining the internal cavity. The phylum
Ctenophora
Hypothesis that complex extraterrestrial life is improbable and extremely rare
In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as sexually
Rare_Earth_hypothesis
Seabed feature of the North Sea
the crater and the impact hypothesis were reported in the journal Nature in 2002. The structure currently lies below a layer of sediment up to 1,500 m
Silverpit_crater
Hypothesis that decreased glutamatergic signalling is involved in schizophrenia
negate the dopamine hypothesis, and the two may be ultimately brought together by circuit-based models. The development of the hypothesis allowed for the
Glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia
Glutamate_hypothesis_of_schizophrenia
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
secretion layer may or may not have pores. Below the cortex layer is a layer called the photobiontic layer or symbiont layer. The symbiont layer has less
Lichen
Scientific study of language
work, the uniformitarian principle is generally the underlying working hypothesis, occasionally also clearly expressed. The principle was expressed early
Linguistics
Text used by the mid-2nd-century Marcion of Sinope
illustrate this point of view. Scholars who reject the Patristic hypothesis defend either of the two hypotheses. One group argues that both gospels are independent
Gospel_of_Marcion
Hypothetical climatic effect of nuclear war
became clear that an earlier hypothesis predicting that fireball generated NOx emissions would devastate the ozone layer was losing credibility. It was
Nuclear_winter
Computational model used in machine learning
layers. Each layer performs a transformation on its inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer)
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Step Pyramid of 3rd dynasty
The Layer Pyramid (known locally in Arabic as el haram el midawwar, Arabic: الهرم المدور, meaning 'rubble-hill pyramid') is a ruined step pyramid dating
Layer_Pyramid
Paradox by d'Alembert on fluid dynamics
using his hypothesis (and backed up by experiments) Prandtl was able to derive an approximate model for the flow inside the boundary layer, called boundary-layer
D'Alembert's_paradox
Type of neuron found in the thalamus of primates
Parvocellular cell List of human cell types derived from the germ layers Blindsight Two-streams hypothesis Hendry, Stewart H. C.; Reid, R. Clay (2000). "The koniocellular
Koniocellular_cell
Thin-film deposition technique that deposits one 1-atom thick layer at a time
(2015). "From V. B. Aleskovskii's "Framework" Hypothesis to the Method of Molecular Layering/Atomic Layer Deposition". Chemical Vapor Deposition. 21 (10–11–12):
Atomic_layer_deposition
Scholarly study of biblical writings
looking for the multiple sources of a single set of texts. The two-source hypothesis stands among one of the most influential and well-known theories
Biblical_criticism
Claim of past rapid changes of the Earth's axis
shift hypothesis (up to 1° per thousand years). Analysis of the evidence does not lend credence to Hapgood's hypothesized rapid displacement of layers of
Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis
Oceanographic Phenomenon
the idea that after a period of active internal wave motion, layers appear. This hypothesis was motivated by laboratory experiments in which staircases
Thermohaline_staircase
Experiment methodology
same variable. It includes application of statistical hypothesis testing or "two-sample hypothesis testing" as used in the field of statistics. A/B testing
A/B_testing
One of the four sources of the Torah in the documentary hypothesis
scholars as the latest of all sources, and "meant to be a kind of redactional layer to hold the entirety of the Pentateuch together," it includes a set of claims
Priestly_source
White part of an eyeball
as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. In
Sclera
Phylum of aquatic animals
Epitheliozoa hypothesis, the ventral and dorsal cell layers of the Placozoa are homologs of endoderm and ectoderm — the two basic embryonic cell layers of the
Placozoa
1908 air burst explosion in Siberia, Russia
they identified a layer of radionuclide contamination from mid-20th century nuclear testing at Novaya Zemlya. The depth of this layer gave an average annual
Tunguska_event
Neural structure
to the center the layers are: Glomerular layer External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer Granule cell layer The olfactory bulb
Olfactory_bulb
Biogeochemical cycle
keeping the ozone layer in stable balance, and protecting the lower atmosphere from harmful UV radiation, the cycle also provides one of two major heat sources
Ozone–oxygen_cycle
Model of cell membranes
According to this biological model, there is a lipid bilayer (a two-molecule-thick layer consisting primarily of amphipathic phospholipids) in which protein
Fluid_mosaic_model
Rapid flow of a mass of snow down a slope
in two general forms, or combinations thereof: slab avalanches made of tightly packed snow, triggered by a collapse of an underlying weak snow layer, and
Avalanche
Myth in which a great flood destroys civilization
region-wide effect. The Black Sea deluge hypothesis offers a controversial account of long-term flooding; the hypothesis argues for a catastrophic irruption
Flood_myth
Study of the biology and evolution of language
language is surprising. The Integration hypothesis posits that it is the combination of these two types of layers that results in such a rich hierarchical
Biolinguistics
Large sill-like body of igneous rock
A layered intrusion is a large sill-like body of igneous rock which exhibits horizontal layering or differences in composition and texture. These intrusions
Layered_intrusion
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
phytoplankton must receive sunlight, so they live in the well-lit surface layers (euphotic zone) of oceans and lakes. Compared with terrestrial plants, phytoplankton
Phytoplankton
Atmospheric electrical phenomenon
fractal aerogel hypothesis. M. I. Zelikin proposed (2006) an explanation (with a rigorous mathematical foundation) based on the hypothesis of plasma superconductivity
Ball_lightning
forming layers of cool volcanic materials. Newly erupted materials deposit on top of and bury older layers. The accumulation of volcanic layers on the
Heat-pipe_tectonics
Extinct class of jawless fishes
together, these two taxa of jawless vertebrates are the sister-group of gnathostomes. Several synapomorphies support this hypothesis, such as the presence
Osteostraci
Component of the visual system in the brain's thalamus
distinctive layers. The inner two layers, (1 and 2) are magnocellular layers, while the outer four layers, (3, 4, 5 and 6), are parvocellular layers. An additional
Lateral_geniculate_nucleus
Layer of a turbulent fluid affected by interaction with a surface
The surface layer is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where
Surface_layer
1987 treaty to protect the ozone layer
Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous
Montreal_Protocol
Phanerozoic accretionary orogen
are two major evolutionary hypotheses that could potentially explain the geological history of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. One of the hypothesis stated
Central_Asian_Orogenic_Belt
Aquatic animal phylum having cnidocytes
two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick. Many cnidarian species can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Cnidarians mostly have two
Cnidaria
Neural network that learns efficient data encoding in an unsupervised manner
to measure how much two sparsities differ. For each input x {\displaystyle x} , let the actual sparsity of activation in each layer k {\displaystyle k}
Autoencoder
Atmospheric phenomenon
and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the
Ozone_depletion
Animals of the phylum Porifera
multicellular organisms consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells, and usually have tube-like bodies full of pores and channels
Sponge
Largest pyramid in the Giza Necropolis, Egypt
increases to 1.68 m (5.5 ft) high. Half of the west wall consists of two layers that have atypically continuous vertical joints. Dormion suggests the
Great_Pyramid_of_Giza
Meteorological hypothesis
The clathrate gun hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the periods of rapid warming during the Quaternary. The hypothesis is that changes in fluxes
Clathrate_gun_hypothesis
State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle
Henry Pratt. The Airy hypothesis was later refined by the Finnish geodesist Veikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen and the Pratt hypothesis by the American geodesist
Isostasy
Field of linguistics
distributions of similar words. The distributional hypothesis suggests that the more semantically similar two words are, the more distributionally similar they
Distributional_semantics
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
lysosome, as well as endosymbiont-derived organelles (which are bound by two or more layers of membrane) such as mitochondria and various plastids. Eukaryotes
Eukaryote
Theory of early hominid migration
likely developed in Africa between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago, with one hypothesis arguing that diverse morphological features of H. sapiens appeared locally
Recent African origin of modern humans
Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans
Geological and geophysical feature in Western Australia
based on the reported age of volcanic rocks in Lagrange-1. The impact hypothesis was developed further by Luanne Becker (University of California) and
Bedout
3D combination puzzle
middle layer u (Up two layers): the top side and the corresponding middle layer d (Down two layers): the bottom layer and the corresponding middle layer l
Rubik's_Cube
Speakers of Austronesian languages
Masbateño, Waray) The broad consensus on Austronesian origins is the "two-layer model", where an original Paleolithic indigenous population in Island
Austronesian_peoples
Astronomical theory about the Solar System
The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well
Nebular_hypothesis
mixed layer. Source: The dilution-recoupling hypothesis is an ecosystem-based view of the North Atlantic annual phytoplankton bloom. This hypothesis focuses
North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study
North_Atlantic_Aerosols_and_Marine_Ecosystems_Study
Prehistoric impact crater in Mexico
the layer of iridium-enriched clay. At the time, there was no consensus on what caused the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction and the boundary layer, with
Chicxulub_crater
Outer germ layer of embryonic development
primary germ layers formed in early embryonic development. It is the outermost layer, and is superficial to the mesoderm (the middle layer) and endoderm
Ectoderm
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
from the granular layer, that penetrate the Purkinje cell dendritic trees at right angles. The molecular layer also contains two types of inhibitory
Cerebellum
English scientist (1919–2022)
environmentalist and futurist. He is best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, which postulates that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system
James_Lovelock
Mammalian structure involved in higher-order brain functions
(myelinated axons) in the cerebrum. This is a very thin layer though, about 2–4 mm thick. There are two types of cortex in the neocortex, the proisocortex
Neocortex
Theoretical conditions under which life on the Earth might have begun
aspect of the heterotrophic theory (also known as the Oparin–Haldane hypothesis) concerning the origin of life, first proposed by Alexander Oparin in
Primordial_soup
Steep-sided canyon in Arizona, US
Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after
Grand_Canyon
to simulated values of particle hypothesis. The maximum likelihood method is used to evaluate which particle hypothesis fits the best to the measured data
Détecteur à Grande Acceptance pour la Physique Photonucléaire Expérimentale
Détecteur_à_Grande_Acceptance_pour_la_Physique_Photonucléaire_Expérimentale
Structures of the Earth's mantle
velocity as slow features at the D″ layer beneath Africa and the Pacific. The global spherical harmonics of the D″ layer are uniform throughout most of the
Large low-shear-velocity provinces
Large_low-shear-velocity_provinces
Model used in risk analysis
studies, with multiple thin layers of cheese representing subtle components of deception which hide the study hypothesis. Chain of events (accident analysis)
Swiss_cheese_model
Concept in evolution theory
The turnover-pulse hypothesis, formulated by paleontologist Elisabeth Vrba as part of her broader Habitat Theory, suggests that major changes to the climate
Turnover-pulse_hypothesis
Advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system
and utilized two separate drug layers with different concentrations of methylphenidate in addition to the (now quite robust) push layer. OROS medications
Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system
Osmotic-controlled_release_oral_delivery_system
Temple in Tamil Nadu, India
with two different halves or in boon boon-giving posture. The second hypothesis is that this is an early bas-relief of Ardhanarishwara. This hypothesis is
Karpaka_Vinayakar_Temple
Fringe theory on the age of the Great Sphinx of Giza
The Sphinx water erosion hypothesis is a fringe claim, contending that the Great Sphinx of Giza and its enclosing walls show erosion consistent with precipitation
Sphinx water erosion hypothesis
Sphinx_water_erosion_hypothesis
Pattern of dentition with high-crowned teeth
hypothesized to be the primary driver of hypsodonty, a hypothesis termed the grit, not grass hypothesis. Hypsodont dentition is characterized by: high-crowned
Hypsodont
Aspect of human history
Critics of the hypothesis argue that cooking with controlled fire was insufficient to start the increasing brain size trend. The cooking hypothesis gains support
Control of fire by early humans
Control_of_fire_by_early_humans
Study of lichen taxonomy and evolution
might pinpoint lineages of interest, but microscopy, spot tests, and thin-layer chromatography are still routinely used to characterize and confirm the
Lichen_systematics
Theory of origin of Proto-Indo-Europeans
The Anatolian hypothesis, also known as the Anatolian theory or the sedentary farmer theory, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in
Anatolian_hypothesis
Hypothesis on the interstellar spreading of primordial life
(from Ancient Greek πᾶν (pan) 'all' and σπέρμα (sperma) 'seed') is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the universe, distributed by cosmic dust,
Panspermia
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