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Specialized plant cells
Transfer cells are specialized parenchyma cells that have an increased surface area, due to infoldings of the plasma membrane. They facilitate the transport
Transfer_cell
Method of creating a cloned embryo by replacing the egg nucleus with a body cell nucleus
biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists
Somatic_cell_nuclear_transfer
Medical therapy involving transplant of cells expanded ex vivo
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the transfer of cells into a patient. The cells may have originated from the patient or from another individual. The cells are
Adoptive_cell_transfer
First cloned mammal (1996–2003)
adult somatic cell. She was cloned by associates of the Roslin Institute in Scotland, using the process of nuclear transfer from a cell taken from a mammary
Dolly_(sheep)
Form of cloning
(2013). "Human Embryonic Stem Cells Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell. 153 (6): 1228–38. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.006. PMC 3772789. PMID 23683578
Nuclear_transfer
Basic unit of life forms
A biological cell basically consists of a semipermeable cell membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains genetic material. Most cells are only visible
Cell_(biology)
Type of bacterium
Hfr cell can transfer a portion of the bacterial genome. Despite being integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the bacteria, the F factor of Hfr cells can
Hfr_cell
variation in usage of this term. Transferred components are immune cells and autologous as above. Transfer of immune cells is made between different individuals
Adoptive_immunity
Sugar transport tissue in vascular plants
cells. Ordinary companion cells, which have smooth walls and few or no plasmodesmatal connections to cells other than the sieve tube. Transfer cells,
Phloem
Movement of whole mitochondria between cells
Horizontal transfer of mitochondria is the movement of whole mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA between cells. Mitochondria from donor cells are transported
Horizontal transfer of mitochondria
Horizontal_transfer_of_mitochondria
Process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes
somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. In 1996, Dolly the sheep
Cloning
Epigenetic phenomenon
into an embryonic state after somatic cell nuclear transfer, so that a new organism can be developed from such cell. Reprogramming is distinct from development
Reprogramming
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
involves the transfer of DNA via a plasmid from a donor cell to a recombinant recipient cell during cell-to-cell contact. Gene transfer agents, virus-like
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Type of eukaryotic cell present in green plants
(transfer cells). Apart from the xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed mainly of parenchyma cells. Some parenchyma cells, as
Plant_cell
Creation of a genetically identical copy of a human
cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. Reproductive cloning would involve
Human_cloning
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
Wang X, Gerdes HH (July 2015). "Transfer of mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes rescues apoptotic PC12 cells". Cell Death & Differentiation. 22 (7):
Mitochondria
Use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition
embryonic stem cells, to create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer, and their use of techniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells. This controversy
Stem-cell_therapy
Topics referred to by the same term
area, referred to as a cell or Basic Service Set Cell, a fixed-length data frame used in the Asynchronous Transfer Mode protocol Cell (network), area of radio
Cell
Type of pluripotent blastocystic stem cell
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. Human
Embryonic_stem_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Microchannel (microtechnology), used in fluid control, heat transfer cell migration observation Micro Channel architecture, a proprietary parallel
Microchannel
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
mark abnormal cells for immune destruction, and active methods, such as cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, and cytokine
Immunotherapy
Photochemical energy transfer mechanism
resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism
Förster resonance energy transfer
Förster_resonance_energy_transfer
Genes necessary for transfer of genetic material
plasmid to move from one cell to another: An origin of transfer – A plasmid with no origin of transfer is non-mobilizable. The transfer genes – Though a functioning
Transfer_gene
Transfer process in genetics
by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence
Transduction_(genetics)
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
The Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) multi-core processor and microarchitecture developed by Sony
Cell_(processor)
Genetically engineered T cell
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells)—also known as chimeric immunoreceptors, chimeric T cell receptors or artificial T cell receptors—are receptor
CAR_T_cell
Female reproductive cell
The egg cell or ovum (pl.: ova) is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms (organisms that reproduce sexually with a larger
Egg_cell
Digital telecommunications protocol for voice, video, and data
layer (layer 2), the basic transfer units are called frames. In ATM, these frames are of a fixed length (53 octets) called cells. This differs from approaches
Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode
Chinese-American biochemist
spermatogenesis, metabolism, cancer, iPSC generation, and somatic cell nuclear transfer reprogramming. The last finding overcomes a major barrier in SCNT
Yi_Zhang_(biochemist)
Failure of bacterial reproduction
Unsuccessful transfer or abortive transfer is any bacterial DNA transfer from donor cells to recipient cells that fails to be replicated during cell division
Unsuccessful_transfer
Any biological cell forming the body of an organism
doing this is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" and involves removing the nucleus from a somatic cell, usually a skin cell. This nucleus contains all
Somatic_cell
DNA-containing virus-like particles produced by bacteria and archaea
frequency of cells with new combinations of genes. The factor responsible was distinct from known gene-transfer mechanisms in being independent of cell contact
Gene_transfer_agent
2000 film by Tarsem Singh
The Cell is a 2000 science fiction psychological horror film directed by Tarsem Singh in his feature directorial debut, written by Mark Protosevich, and
The_Cell_(film)
followed by strand transfer of the HIV DNA into the host DNA. The integration of HIV DNA can occur either in dividing or resting cells, and the HIV integrase
HIV_integration
Molecules involved in immune response
Transfer factors (which come from white cells called "T cells") are essentially small immune messenger molecules that are produced by all higher organisms
Transfer_factor
Type of artificial cell
nucleotide bases and liposomes which contain transfer RNA derived from E. coli, sugars, lipids, and enzymes. SpudCells divide using a mechanism that does not
SpudCell
given environment, and competence is the ability of a cell to participate in the transfer. If one cell in a population living in an unfavorable environment
Competence_factor
Electrochemical device
A galvanic cell or voltaic cell, named after the scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, respectively, is an electrochemical cell in which an electric
Galvanic_cell
Temporary anatomical structure in plants and fungi
haustorium. The haustorium has wall ingrowths similar to those of a transfer cell. The last of the suspensors at the end of the embryo is known as hypophysis
Suspensor
Unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
All prokaryotes are single-celled microorganisms that reproduce asexually via binary fission, although horizontal gene transfer is also common. Some prokaryotes
Prokaryote
Biological process
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which
Cell_division
Method of bacterial gene transfer
conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. This typically
Bacterial_conjugation
Network of inward-growing hyphae
extend between cells in the root cortex. The hyphae in the Hartig net formed by some ECM fungi are described as having transfer-cell like structures
Hartig_net
Device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity
Fuel_cell
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
when it grew three-stemmed. Presumably horizontal gene transfer has decreased with growing cell stability. A modified version of the tree, based on several
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Domain of organisms
occurred before the evolution of cells, when the lack of a typical cell membrane allowed unrestricted lateral gene transfer, and that the common ancestors
Archaea
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
progeny of any cell, whether somatic or reproductive, the copying from DNA to DNA arguably is the fundamental step in information transfer. A complex group
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
"Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell. 172 (4): 881–887.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020. PMID 29395327. Briggs, Helen
List_of_cloned_animals
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
case of dendritic cells). Whichever pathway is used, infection by cell-to-cell transfer is reported to be much more efficient than cell-free virus spread
HIV
Type of DNA in bacterial genomes
essential regions required for DNA transfer to the host cell. The T-DNA is bordered by 25-base-pair repeats on each end. Transfer is initiated at the right border
Transfer_DNA
Domain of microorganisms
ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically
Bacteria
Microbiological technique
selective plate is due to the selection itself and not a problem with transferring cells. If one sees growth on the third (nonselective) plate but not the
Replica_plating
Plant physiologist
University of Western Australia. He was the co-discoverer of the function of transfer cells. He worked on carbon-nitrogen relationships, particularly in legumes
John_Stewart_Pate
Cancer capable of infecting other individuals
A transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious
Clonally_transmissible_cancer
Genus of Old World monkeys
"Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell. 172 (4): 881–887.e7. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020. PMID 29395327. Normile, Dennis
Macaque
mass transfer properties. The sample is placed into an extraction cell which is heated to 80–200°C. The solvent is pumped into the extraction cell and
Microbial_oil
Pluripotent stem cell generated directly from a somatic cell
pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell. The iPSC technology
Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell
Unspecialized biological cell that can become specialized
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a cloning method that can be used to create a cloned embryo for the use of its embryonic stem cells in stem cell therapy
Stem_cell
Power supply with electrochemical cells
Other primary wet cells are the Leclanche cell, Grove cell, Bunsen cell, Chromic acid cell, Clark cell, and Weston cell. The Leclanche cell chemistry was
Electric_battery
Method to provide a measured amount of ink
dimples, known as anilox cells. In the printing process, the anilox roll is coated in a precise layer of ink that is then transferred to the raised portions
Anilox
vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO) in endothelial and perhaps other cell types. Another form of transfer of pieces of membrane around junctions is called trans-endocytosis
Intercellular_communication
World's first cloned primates (born 2017)
referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep
Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua
Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link
A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable wireless telephone that allows users to make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while moving within
Mobile_phone
Chemical reaction with oxidation state changes
chemistry, as do the reactions that power batteries and other electrochemical cells. Industry uses redox reactions to extract metals from their ores by smelting
Redox
Primary cell of the nervous system
A neuron (American English), neurone (British English), or nerve cell, is a cell that is excitable, firing electric signals called action potentials.
Neuron
Type of bacterial reproduction by DNA transfer
the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria. Conjugation, the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via cell-to-cell contact. The final
Bacterial_recombination
Device used to produce electricity from light
A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by using
Solar_cell
Cellular process
were involved in this transfer process came when fluorescent probes incorporated in the plasma membrane of the antigen-presenting cell as well as non-MHC
Trogocytosis
Scheme where multiple sites share a precise reference time or frequency
Time transfer solves problems such as astronomical observatories correlating observed flashes or other phenomena with each other, as well as cell phone
Time_and_frequency_transfer
Process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions
Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. After
Cell_culture
Bio-electrochemical system
early 20th century, used a mediator: a chemical that transfers electrons from the bacteria in the cell to the anode. Unmediated MFCs emerged in the 1970s;
Microbial_fuel_cell
Evolutionary theory
evolves into an organelle, most of its genes are transferred to the host cell genome. The host cell and organelle therefore need to develop a transport
Symbiogenesis
Genetic alteration of a cell by uptake of genetic material from the environment
starvation and cell density, and may also be induced in a laboratory. Transformation is one of three processes that lead to horizontal gene transfer, in which
Genetic_transformation
Chromosome Transfer (or MMCT) is a technique used in cell biology and genetics to transfer a chromosome from a defined donor cell line into a recipient cell line
Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer
Microcell-mediated_chromosome_transfer
Altered nuclear transfer is an alternative method of obtaining embryonic-like, pluripotent stem cells without the creation and destruction of human embryos
Altered_nuclear_transfer
reprogramming, and Somatic cell nuclear transfer or SCNT for short. Recent studies have also shown that cytoplasts from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have reprogramming
Cytoplast
2013 video game
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist is a 2013 action-adventure stealth game developed by Ubisoft Toronto and published by Ubisoft. The game is the sequel
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist
Tom_Clancy's_Splinter_Cell:_Blacklist
Transmission of self-antigens
transfer in the thymus is the transmission of self-antigens between thymic antigen-presenting cells which contributes to the establishment of T cell central
Antigen transfer in the thymus
Antigen_transfer_in_the_thymus
Cell line
Jurkat cells are an immortalized line of human T lymphocyte cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia, T cell signaling, and the expression of
Jurkat_cells
Basic structure in power electronics
to transfer energy. As mentioned above, a commutation cell must be placed between a voltage and current sources. Depending on the state of the cell, both
Commutation_cell
Organism that consists of only one cell
as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Organisms
Unicellular_organism
electroporation-based transfection method which enables transfer of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA into cells by applying a specific voltage and reagents. Nucleofection
Nucleofection
Outermost layer of some cells
A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes
Cell_wall
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
in the cell that need to transfer hydrogen atoms to their substrates. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two related forms in the cell, NADH and
Metabolism
Spanish senior research associate
Valencia for her work studying mitochondrial replacement using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) under the direction of Shoukhrat Mitalipov. While working
Nuria_Martí_Gutiérrez
Sequence of DNA
during bacterial conjugation. The transfer of DNA is a critical component for antimicrobial resistance within bacterial cells and the oriT structure and mechanism
Origin_of_transfer
Introduction of foreign genetic material into a host
require live transgenic offspring for testing, embryonic cell transfer can be tested at the cell stage. Pharming, a portmanteau of "farming" and "pharmaceutical"
Transgenesis
Method in plant biotechnology
plant cells immobilised on a porous support (plant cell packs), whereafter the bacteria transfer the desired gene into the plant cells via transfer of T-DNA
Agroinfiltration
Process of introducing nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells
used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells, including plant cells. In animal cells, transfection is the preferred
Transfection
Process of manufacturing
location and relocation, part routing, cell load variation, inter and intracellular material transferring, cell reconfiguring, dynamic part demands, and
Cellular_manufacturing
Porous material made from a metal
portion of the volume. The pores can be sealed (closed-cell foam) or interconnected (open-cell foam). The defining characteristic of metal foams is a
Metal_foam
Network scheduling algorithm used in ATM
generic cell rate algorithm (GCRA) is a leaky bucket-type scheduling algorithm for the network scheduler that is used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Generic_cell_rate_algorithm
Biological structure
between cells. These structures have shown involvement in cell-to-cell communication, transfer of nucleic acids such as mRNA and miRNA between cells in culture
Tunneling_nanotube
Type of battery
are capable of reversible lithium insertion, thus forming a Li-ion transfer cell. In order to construct a thin-film battery it is necessary to fabricate
Thin-film_lithium-ion_battery
Plastic surgery
Fat transfer, also known as fat graft, lipograft, lipomodelling, or fat injections, is a surgical process in which a person's own fat is transferred from
Fat_transfer
Non-penetrative symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
Hartig net hyphae lack internal divisions, creating a multinuclear transfer cell-like structure that facilitates interhyphal transport. The hyphae have
Ectomycorrhiza
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gag Protein that Mediates Intercellular RNA Transfer". Cell. 172 (1–2): 275–288.e18. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.024. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 5923900. PMID 29570995
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein
Activity-regulated_cytoskeleton-associated_protein
Federal supermax prison in Fremont County, Colorado, US
a circle. Correctional officers generally deliver food to the cells. Inmates transferred to Florence from other prisons may be allowed to eat in a shared
ADX_Florence
insulating outer membranes of whole cells impedes electron transfer from the sites of electron generation inside the cell to the anode. As a result, conversion
Biological_photovoltaics
RNA that facilitates the addition of amino acids to a new protein
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), formerly referred to as soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA), is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides
Transfer_RNA
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