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Process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes
Technological change or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. Technological
Technological_change
Period of rapid technological change
of accelerated technological progress characterized by innovations whose rapid application and diffusion typically cause an abrupt change in society. A
Technological_revolution
Use of knowledge for practical goals
role in science, engineering, and everyday life. Technological advancements have led to significant changes in society. The earliest known technology is the
Technology
Theory describing technology development
The term "technological evolution" captures explanations of technological change that draw on mechanisms from evolutionary biology. Evolutionary biology
Technological_evolution
Hypothetical event
The technological singularity, often simply called the singularity, is a hypothetical event in which technological growth accelerates beyond human control
Technological_singularity
Reductionist theory
potential of technological change. Ayres' theory further solidified technological determinism, emphasizing the inevitable clash between technological progress
Technological_determinism
Practical implementation of improvements
and steady adoption of the innovation leading to waves of technological and institutional change that gain momentum more slowly.[additional citation(s) needed]
Innovation
Unemployment caused by technological change
Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs due to technological change. It is a key type of structural unemployment. Technological change typically
Technological_unemployment
Misconception in economics about allocation of work
United States, where a century of increasing productivity and technological improvements changed the percentage of Americans employed in the production of
Lump_of_labour_fallacy
End of the historical linkage between gross national product and wages
the emergence of "superstar" firms with very low labour shares. Technological change also appears to contribute to rising wage inequality. With given
Decoupling of wages from productivity
Decoupling_of_wages_from_productivity
Increase in the rate of technological change through history
accelerating change is the observed exponential nature of the rate of technological change in recent history, which may suggest faster and more profound change in
Accelerating_change
Technological momentum is a theory about the relationship between technology and society over time. The term, which is considered a fourth technological
Technological_momentum
technology produces other resources, including technological artifacts used in everyday life. Technological change affects, and is affected by, a society's
History_of_technology
Describes how technological innovations occur and are incorporated into society
and evolutionary economics. Alongside the technological advancement, TT considers wider societal changes such as "user practices, regulation, industrial
Technological_transitions
studies which serves to explain the nature and rate of technological change. A Technological Innovation System can be defined as ‘a dynamic network of
Technological innovation system
Technological_innovation_system
Academic journal
Technological Forecasting and Social Change (formerly Technological Forecasting) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier covering futures
Technological Forecasting and Social Change
Technological_Forecasting_and_Social_Change
Factors that shape technological innovation
Theories of technological change and innovation attempt to explain the factors that shape technological innovation as well as the impact of technology
Theories_of_technology
1969 book by David S. Landes
The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present is an economic history book by David
The_Unbound_Prometheus
British economist and politician (1772–1823)
national economies and was concerned about the short-term impact of technological change on labour. Born in London, England, Ricardo was the third surviving
David_Ricardo
Stance of active support for the convergence of technological and social change
active support for the convergence of technological change and social change. Techno-progressives argue that technological developments can be profoundly empowering
Techno-progressivism
Investment in new equipment
Investment-specific technological progress or Investment-specific technological change refers to progress that requires investment in new equipment and
Investment-specific technological progress
Investment-specific_technological_progress
New Zealand professor of ethics (born 1965)
Everything Agar challenges the view that great things will come from technological progress that will lead human flourishing. He describes a phenomenon
Nicholas_Agar
Philosophical movement
singularity, which may fundamentally change the nature of human beings. Transhumanists who foresee this massive technological change generally maintain that it
Transhumanism
Ideologies of change via capitalism and technology
Schullenburger attributes this change to the bursting of the dotcom bubble and the rise of Web 2.0; Land blamed the lack of technological revolution on the progressivism
Accelerationism
1970 book by Alvin Toffler
overwhelms people. He argues that the accelerated rate of technological and social change leaves people disconnected and suffering from "shattering stress
Future_Shock
Thought experiment about timing interstellar missions
distant destination, given the assumption of continuous, exponential technological change and growth in propulsion systems. The core concept that later ships
The_Wait_Equation
Business analysis method
January 19). Is technological change creating a new global economy? Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/is-technological-change
Competitive_landscape
Measure of increase in market value of goods
"Micro Foundations for Aggregate Technological Change." The Micro Foundation claimed that endogenous technological change had the concept of Intellectual
Economic_growth
American economist (born 1946)
interaction with technological advancement in the book The Race Between Education and Technology (2009). The book argues that technological change, education
Claudia_Goldin
Italian-American economist and professor (born 1968)
Public Purpose (IIPP). She is best known for her work on dynamics of technological change, the role of the public sector in innovation (including modern "mission-oriented"
Mariana_Mazzucato
Topics referred to by the same term
personal change, activities that improve awareness and identity Social change, an alteration in the social order of a society Technological change, invention
Change
Strategy of technology governance
Differential technological development is a strategy of technology governance aiming to decrease risks from emerging technologies by influencing the sequence
Differential technological development
Differential_technological_development
Technological change
disruptive technology continues a long tradition of identifying radical technological change in the study of innovation by economists, and its implementation
Disruptive_innovation
Process of using materials to produce something
adaption of technology at the frontier of the production function. Technological change is a significant determinant in advancing economic production results
Production_(economics)
Late 19th-century European cultural phenomenon
geopolitics had its origins in fin de siècle Europe in response to technological change ... and the creation of a "closed political system" as European imperialist
Fin_de_siècle
Technological stage
paradigm itself. In this sense, a technological paradigm entails strong prescriptions on the direction of technological change, that is the direction toward
Technological_paradigm
Information systems theory
of even more powerful software. The TAM model has been used in most technological and geographic contexts. One of these contexts is health care, which
Technology_acceptance_model
common explanation for income inequality in America was "skill-biased technological change" (SBTC) – "a shift in the production technology that favors skilled
Causes of income inequality in the United States
Causes_of_income_inequality_in_the_United_States
1760–1840 agrarian to industrial era shift
of the [19th] century." The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description
Industrial_Revolution
Overview of AI's possible effects on the human state
Kurzweil posits that the goals of communism will be realized by advanced technological developments in the 21st century, where the intersection of low manufacturing
AI_aftermath_scenarios
Technological changes at the Paralympic Games have had major impacts on the types of sports that are played and how those sports are played. Assistive
Technological changes at the Paralympic Games
Technological_changes_at_the_Paralympic_Games
Information systems user theory
applied to the use of just-in-time knowledge interventions to development technological knowledge within the museum sector. They found that UTAUT was useful
Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
Unified_theory_of_acceptance_and_use_of_technology
Process by which a change can be accepted through happening slowly
the end)' Salami slicing tactics Shifting baseline Slippery slope Technological change as a social process Tyranny of small decisions Zionism as settler
Creeping_normality
Any ideology based on the premise that advances in technology could bring a utopia
of death. Technological utopianism is often connected with other discourses presenting technologies as agents of social and cultural change, such as technological
Technological_utopianism
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
to Moore's law. These ongoing changes in digital electronics have been a driving force of technological and social change, productivity, and economic growth
Moore's_law
Italian economist (born 1953)
and editor of several works, include economics of innovation and technological change, industrial organization and industrial dynamics, theory of the firm
Giovanni_Dosi
Aspect of technological change
Technological convergence is the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop
Technological_convergence
Standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone
made public, is thoroughly documented and neutral with regard to the technological tools needed to peruse the same data. The E-Government Interoperability
Open_standard
Theory on how and why new ideas spread
(1971). "A simple substitution model of technological change". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 3: 75–88. doi:10.1016/S0040-1625(71)80005-7
Diffusion_of_innovations
Technology still to be fully developed
history (genes change very slowly), all relevant change is rather a direct or indirect result of technological innovation (memes change very fast) since
Emerging_technologies
Technological somnambulism is a concept used when talking about the philosophy of technology. The term was used by Langdon Winner in his essay Technology
Technological_somnambulism
Type of technical change in a production function
and finds that in addition to labor-augmenting technological change, Hicks-neutral technological change causes output to grow, on average, in the vicinity
Hicks-neutral technical change
Hicks-neutral_technical_change
Sociological model
people with sufficient understanding of the technology available and the technological needs of a community to steward the community through the technology
Technology adoption life cycle
Technology_adoption_life_cycle
economic growth that identifies the necessary functional form of technological change for achieving a balanced growth path in the Solow–Swan and Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
Uzawa's_theorem
Theory within social science
technology, the approach drew on existing work in STS, on studies of large technological systems, and on a range of French intellectual resources including the
Actor–network_theory
Italian-American economist (born 1956)
and economist specializing in economic growth, business cycles, technological change, and intellectual property. He is the Joseph Gibson Hoyt Distinguished
Michele_Boldrin
European vessels from the Middle Ages
those in the south by classical or Roman vessels. However, there was technological change. The different traditions used different construction methods; clinker
Medieval_ships
Fundamental change in ideas and practices within a scientific discipline
way in which theories are evaluated. Accelerating change – Increase in the rate of technological change through history Attitude polarization – Tendency
Paradigm_shift
Economic model of endogenous growth
sustained economic growth driven by behavioral factors. In the model, technological change is the result of purposeful activity by economic agents investing
Aghion–Howitt_model
Building that occupants can reconfigure
account of the possible need to change or adapt the building during its lifetime, in line with social or technological change. Open building design seeks
Open_building
Concept in economics
economic recovery will occur when some key technological opportunities are identified and sustained. Technological opportunities do not enter into economic
Creative_destruction
Science fiction novels by Dan Simmons
associated with this. It deals with the concept of technological singularity where technological change starts to occur beyond the ability of humanity to
Ilium/Olympos
Type of furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals
iron' in G. Magnusson, The Importance of Ironmaking: Technological Innovation and Social Change I (Jernkontoret, Stockholm 1995), 143–153 and other papers
Blast_furnace
Methodology on technology control
time-consuming." In "The Pacing Problem, the Collingridge Dilemma & Technological Determinism" by Adam Thierer, a senior research fellow at the Mercatus
Collingridge_dilemma
Accelerating change proposed by Ray Kurzweil
have and will continue to become increasingly common, leading to "technological change so rapid and profound it represents a rupture in the fabric of human
The Law of Accelerating Returns
The_Law_of_Accelerating_Returns
Any significant alteration in societal order
movement. Social change may be driven through cultural, religious, economic, environmental, scientific or technological forces. Change arises from two
Social_change
Adage referring to time estimates
Kasparov. Law of Accelerating Returns – Increase in the rate of technological change through historyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Hofstadter's_law
Study of the markets for wage labour
inequality and discrimination, collective bargaining and trade unions, technological change and unemployment, ownership and monopsony, and public policies such
Labour_economics
School of thought emphasizing tech innovation
the term creative destruction for the continuous introduction of technological change that drives growth by replacing old, less productive structures with
Neo-Schumpeterian_economics
Paleolithic site in Southern India
environmental change on lithic technological change. At Jwalapuram Locality 9, five stratigraphic units provide a record of technological change through time
Jwalapuram
Mid-17th to late 19th century revolution centred around agriculture
result of the complex interaction of social, economic and farming technological changes. Major developments and innovations include: Norfolk four-course
British Agricultural Revolution
British_Agricultural_Revolution
Photovoltaic pricing observation
Doyne Farmer; François Lafond (2 November 2015). "How predictable is technological progress?". Research Policy. 45 (3): 647–665. arXiv:1502.05274. doi:10
Swanson's_law
Overview of and topical guide to technology
processes Technological convergence – Aspect of technological change Technological determinism – Reductionist theory Technological dualism Technological escalation
Outline_of_technology
2010s–present technological convergence era
mathematical formulas Technological convergence – Aspect of technological change Technological singularity – Hypothetical event Technological unemployment –
Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
Ability to read and write
invention and spread of writing systems, the expansion of education, and technological change. Literacy rates have increased substantially worldwide since the
Literacy
Legislative strategy to disincentivize the replacement of workers by machines
2017, citing an essay by Quincy Larson about the accelerating pace of technological unemployment. Tax law professor Xavier Oberson has called for robots
Robot_tax
Philosophy opposing modern technology
neo-Luddites tend to have a broader and more holistic distrust of technological improvement. Neo-Luddism is a leaderless movement of non-affiliated
Neo-Luddism
another study in rural India, Foster and Rosenzweig later assess how technological change during the Green Revolution affected returns to human capitals and
Mark_Rosenzweig_(economist)
Employment practice of overhiring workers
seen by economists as a solution to "who should bear the burden of technological change?" Labor economists often argue that featherbedding can be construed
Featherbedding
Region in the U.S. affected by industrial decline
findings reflect the broader impact of economic disruptions, including technological change and recessions, rather than trade alone. They do not dispute the
Rust_Belt
Use of various control systems for operating equipment
distribution of automation's effects. A study published in Technological Forecasting and Social Change examining Chile found that a one-standard-deviation increase
Automation
Concept of fast advancement
leapfrogging as a response to occasional major changes in technology. In times of small and incremental technological change, increasing returns to scale tend to
Leapfrogging
the social impact of the technological age. The phrase considers the fears associated with technological evolution and change, and acknowledges the possibility
Digital_phobic
Scientific field
It studies the process of technological change. Under the field of Technology Dynamics the process of technological change is explained by taking into
Technology_dynamics
2003 book by Rebecca Solnit
and inventor Eadweard Muybridge, a history of the development of technological change in the West during the later half of the nineteenth century that
River_of_Shadows
Technologies that can affect an entire economy at large scale
Dual-use technology Landes, David S. (1976). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from ... At the University
General-purpose_technology
Catchphrase and internet meme
The phrase has developed into a retort for resistance to technological change, climate change denial, marginalization of members of minority groups, or
OK_boomer
Predicting the future of technology
useful technological machines, procedures or techniques. Researchers create technology forecasts based on past experience and current technological developments
Technology_forecasting
Former physical asset, now a liability
further climate change mitigationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Disruptive innovation – Technological change Environmental stewardship –
Stranded_asset
Executive-level position
large technology component in their work and want to better manage technological change. The term "chief innovation officer" was first coined and described
Chief_innovation_officer
Term used in economics
inputs. A technical change is not necessarily technological as it might be organizational, or due to a change in a constraint such as regulation, input prices
Technical_change
Person who is not in education, employment, or training
ping – Chinese neologism, "lying flat" Technological unemployment – Unemployment caused by technological change Waithood – Stage of life; unemployed college
NEET
Technological advancement theory
a term coined by R. Buckminster Fuller in 1938, is the ability of technological advancement to do "more and more with less and less until eventually
Ephemeralization
American economist
University. His areas of expertise include industrial organization, technological change and innovation, law and economics, and environmental economics. The
Adam_B._Jaffe
Metallurgical preheating of air
Hyde, Technological change and the British iron industry 1700-1870 (Princeton University Press, 1977), 154-5. C.K. Hyde, Technological change and the
Hot_blast
Lowering of skill levels by new technology
pro-capitalist ideology supported by Charles Babbage argues that technological change embodied by inducement mechanisms support the skill-enhancing opportunities
Deskilling
American economist and Nobel laureate (born 1964)
also pursued research on the link between population growth and technological change. In a paper in The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Kremer empirically
Michael_Kremer
Organized force intended for warfare
cognitive abilities. The study found that technological, tactical, operational and doctrinal changes have led to a change in the demand for personnel. Furthermore
Military
Branch of the discipline of sociology
sociology of work, examines "the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices
Industrial_sociology
Efficiency leads to increased demand
JEV-ənz) or Jevons effect is an economic phenomenon said to occur when technological improvements that increase the efficiency of a resource's use lead to
Jevons_paradox
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva, Shapely, Diverse, Changed
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shapely, Diverse, Changed
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name GrÃmr, which remained popular as a personal name in the form Grim in Anglo-Scandinavian areas well into the 12th century. It was a byname of Woden with the meaning ‘masked person’ or ‘shape-changer’, and may have been bestowed on male children in an attempt to secure the protection of the god. The Continental Germanic cognate grÄ«m was also used as a first element in compound names. Compare Grimaud and Gribble, with the original sense ‘mask’, ‘helmet’. Some examples of the surname may derive from short forms of such names.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Mathew; a variant spelling of Matthews. In the U.S., this form has absorbed some European cognates such as German Matthäus.Among the earliest bearers of the name in North America was Samuel Mathews (c.1600–c.1657), who came to VA from London in about 1618. He established a plantation at the mouth of the Warwick River, which was at first called Mathews Manor; later its name was changed to Denbigh. He was one of the most powerful and influential men in the early affairs of the colony. He (or possibly his son, who bore the same name) was governor of the colony from 1657 until his death in 1660.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Breton personal name Aeruiu or Haerviu, composed of the elements haer ‘battle’, ‘carnage’ + vy ‘worthy’, which was brought to England by Breton followers of William the Conqueror, for the most part in the Gallicized form Hervé. (The change from -er- to -ar- was a normal development in Middle English and Old French.) Reaney believes that the surname is also occasionally from a Norman personal name, Old German Herewig, composed of the Germanic elements hari, heri ‘army’ + wīg ‘war’.Irish : mainly of English origin, in Ulster and County Wexford, but sometimes a shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hAirmheadhaigh ‘descendant of Airmheadhach’, a personal name probably meaning ‘esteemed’. It seems to be a derivative of Airmheadh, the name borne by a mythological physician.Irish (County Fermanagh) : shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hEarchaidh ‘descendant of Earchadh’, a personal name of uncertain origin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of unknown origin. The name was well established in the Carolinas by the mid 18th century. In one branch of the family the name was changed to Israel; this is a derivative, not the origin.Americanized form (under French influence) of German Esel, a nickname from Middle High German esel ‘donkey’.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : topographic name for someone who owned or lived by a meadow, or a metonymic occupational name for someone who made or sold hay, from Middle English gras, Middle High German gras ‘grass’, ‘pasture’, ‘grazing’.English : nickname for a stout man, from Anglo-Norman French gras ‘fat’, from Latin crassus (which was itself used as a Roman family name), with the initial changed under the influence of grossus (see Gross).Scottish : occupational name, reduced from Gaelic greusaiche ‘shoemaker’. A certain John Grasse alias Cordonar (Middle English cordewaner ‘shoemaker’) is recorded in Scotland in 1539.South German : nickname for an irascible man, from Middle High German graz ‘intense’, ‘angry’.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : occupational name for a peddler (see Haack 1).North German : topographic name for someone who lived by a hedge (see Heck 2).North German : perhaps also a topographic name from hach, hack ‘dirty, boggy water’.Frisian, Dutch, and North German : from a Frisian personal name, Hake.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name from Yiddish hak ‘axe’.English : variant of Hake 1.George Hack (c. 1623–c. 1665) was born in Cologne, Germany, of a Schleswig-Holstein family, and emigrated to New Amsterdam where he practiced medicine and entered the VA tobacco trade. Colony records show that he and his wife, Anna, were formally made naturalized citizens of VA in 1658. He had two daughters, neither of whom married, and two sons: George Nicholas Hack, the founder of the Norfolk branch of the family; and Peter, for many years a member of the VA House of Burgesses, the founder of the Maryland branch. Hack’s descendants eventually changed the spelling of the name to Heck.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of German Illig. One family bearing this name and known to have made this change in form came to OH from Alsace in the 19th century.English
Americanized form of German Illig. One family bearing this name and known to have made this change in form came to OH from Alsace in the 19th century.English : habitational name from either of two places called Elwick, in North Yorkshire and Northumberland, named with the Old English personal name Ella (or in the case of the first, possibly an unattested Ægla) + Old English wīc ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English nickname mǣw, mēaw ‘seagull’, or the same word used as a personal name, Mēawa. Compare Maw.English : metonymic occupational name for someone in charge of a mew, a cage for hawks and falcons, especially while moulting, from Old French mue, a derivative of muer ‘to moult’ (from Latin mutare ‘to change’).
Boy/Male
Sikh
Gurus splendor, His banishment, The change of pilgrimage
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Gadhra
‘descendant of Gadhra’ (see O’Gara). See also McGeary.English : from a personal name derived from Germanic
gÄ“r, gÄr ‘spear’, a short form of any of various
compound names with this as a first element (see, for example
Garrett).English : nickname for a wayward or capricious
person, from Middle English ge(a)ry ‘fickle’, ‘changeable’,
‘passionate’ (a derivative of gere ‘fit of passion’, apparently
a Scandinavian borrowing).Possibly an altered spelling of
German Gehring or Gehrig.Most present-day Irish bearers of the name Geary and its variants
and derivatives are descended from a single 10th-century ancestor, a
nephew of Eadhra, who founded the family
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire)
English (chiefly Lancashire) : occupational name for a herdsman, a variant of Herdman (see Heard). (The change of -er- to -ar- was a regular phonetic pattern in Old French and Middle English.)English : from an unattested Old English personal name Heardmann, composed of the elements heard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’ + mann ‘man’. According to Reaney and Wilson, compound names with this second element became common in late Old English in eastern England.Irish : of English origin (see above), but sometimes confused with Harman.Dutch : variant of Hardeman 2.Americanized spelling of German Hartmann.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name Keikr (from Old West Scandinavian keikr ‘bent backwards’).German : nickname from Middle High German kec ‘lively’, ‘active’ (cognate of English quick), which later changed its meaning to ‘bold’, ‘forward’, ‘fresh’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an unpredictable, wayward person, from Middle English gerysshe ‘wild’, ‘changeable’. Compare Geary.Possibly an altered spelling of German Gerisch, a variant of Giersch.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name EirÃkr, composed of the elements eir ‘mercy’, ‘peace’ + rÃk ‘power’. The addition in English of an inorganic H- to names beginning with a vowel is a relatively common phenomenon. It is possible that this name may have swallowed up a less common Germanic personal name with the first element heri, hari ‘army’.Dutch : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements heri, hari ‘army’ + rÄ«c ‘power’, or from an assimilated form of Henrick, a Dutch form of Henry.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hEirc ‘descendant of Erc’, a personal name meaning ‘speckled’, ‘dark red’, or ‘salmon’. There was a saint of this name. The surname is born by families in Munster and Ulster, where it has usually been changed to Harkin.The English poet Robert Herrick (1591-1674) was from a prosperous family of goldsmiths, who had a long association with the city of Leicester. There is a family tradition that they were of Scandinavian origin, descended from Eric the Forester, who settled in the city in the 11th century. The initial aspirate came into the name in the late 16th cedntury; the name of the poet's great-grandfather is recorded in the corporation books of the city of Leicester in 1511 as Thomas Ericke.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a keeper of a lodging house, from late Old English herebeorg ‘shelter’, ‘lodging’ (from here ‘army’ + beorg ‘shelter’). (The change of -er- to -ar- is a regular phonetic process in Old French and Middle English.)Variant of French Arbour.A Harbour or Arbour, from Normandy, France, is documented in Quebec City in 1671.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly northern Ireland)
English (chiefly northern Ireland) : patronymic from the personal name Herbert. (The change from -er- to -ar- was a common one in Old French and Middle English.)
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval personal name Hodge, a short form of Roger. (For the change of initial, compare Hick.)English : nickname from Middle English hodge ‘hog’, which occurs as a dialect variant of hogge, for example in Cheshire place names.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly South Wales and southwestern England)
English (mainly South Wales and southwestern England) : from the medieval personal name Harry, which was the usual vernacular form of Henry, with assimilation of the consonantal cluster and regular Middle English change of -er- to -ar-.French : from the Germanic personal name Hariric, composed of the elements hari, heri ‘army’ + rīc ‘power(ful)’.
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