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Subatomic particle
T mesons are hypothetical mesons composed of a top quark and one additional subatomic particle. The second subatomic particle can be either an up antiquark
T_meson
Subatomic particle; made of equal numbers of quarks and antiquarks
In particle physics, a meson (/ˈmiːzɒn, ˈmɛzɒn/) is a type of hadronic subatomic particle composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks, usually
Meson
Isosinglet meson made of quarks and antiquarks
and eta prime meson (η′) are isosinglet mesons made of a mixture of up, down and strange quarks and their antiquarks. The charmed eta meson (η c) and bottom
Eta_and_eta_prime_mesons
Subatomic particle; lightest meson
In particle physics, a pion (/ˈpaɪ.ɒn/, PIE-on) or pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi (π), is any of three subatomic particles: π0 , π+ , and
Pion
Hypothetical form of quarkonium
The theta meson (θ) is a hypothetical form of quarkonium (i.e. a flavourless meson) formed by a top quark (t) and top antiquark (t). As a P-odd and C-odd
Theta_meson
Meson with total spin 1 and odd parity
Vector mesons play a huge role in the study of the strong hadronic force. ρ meson ω meson φ meson K*(892) meson D* meson J/ψ meson ϒ meson θ meson List
Vector_meson
Particle in physics
D mesons are the lightest particles that contain charm quarks. They are often studied to gain knowledge on the weak interaction. The strange D mesons (Ds)
D_meson
Subatomic particle
μ− and antimuons by μ+ . Formerly, muons were called mu mesons, but are not classified as mesons by modern particle physicists (see ), and that name is
Muon
Quantum particle
In particle physics, a kaon, also called a K meson and denoted K, is any of a group of four mesons distinguished by a quantum number called strangeness
Kaon
Particle whose invariant mass is zero
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Massless_particle
Subatomic particle
The Upsilon meson (ϒ) is a quarkonium state (i.e. flavourless meson) formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was discovered by the E288 experiment
Upsilon_meson
Subatomic particle
In particle physics, B mesons are mesons composed of a bottom antiquark and either an up (B+ ), down (B0 ), strange (B0 s) or charm quark (B+ c). The
B_meson
Classification scheme for hadrons
prime meson was originally classified by itself as a singlet: η′ Under the quark model later developed, it is better viewed as part of a meson nonet,
Eightfold_way_(physics)
Meson particles which do not fit into the quark model
physics, exotic mesons are mesons that have quantum numbers not possible in the quark model; some proposals for non-standard quark model mesons could be: glueballs
Exotic_meson
Subatomic particle
meson (ω) is a flavourless meson formed from a superposition of an up quark–antiquark and a down quark–antiquark pair. It is part of the vector meson
Omega_meson
Subatomic particle
particle physics, the phi meson or ϕ meson is a vector meson formed of a strange quark and a strange antiquark. It was the ϕ meson's unexpected propensity
Phi_meson
Type of quark
Accelerator Center (SLAC) simultaneously announced the discovery of the J/ψ meson, it was soon after identified as a bound state of the missing charm quark
Top_quark
Atoms composed of exotic particles
(previously called a mu-mesic atom, now known to be a misnomer as muons are not mesons), an electron is replaced by a muon, which, like the electron, is a lepton
Exotic_atom
Elementary particle, fundamental constituent of matter
within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. For this reason, much of what is known about
Quark
vector mesons. See list of particles for a more detailed list of particles found in particle physics. This article contains a list of mesons, unstable
List_of_mesons
Subatomic particle having no substructure
confined in an envelope of gluons that confer vastly greater mass to the mesons and baryons where quarks occur, so values for quark masses cannot be measured
Elementary_particle
Something that has mass and volume
as well as the ordinary quark and lepton, and thus also anything made of mesons, which are unstable particles made up of a quark and an antiquark. In the
Matter
Composite subatomic particle
atom) are examples of baryons; pions are an example of a meson. A tetraquark state (an exotic meson), named the Z(4430)−, was discovered in 2007 by the Belle
Hadron
Hadron (subatomic particle) that is composed of three quarks
participate in the residual strong force, which is mediated by particles known as mesons. The most familiar baryons are protons and neutrons. These particles make
Baryon
Type of quark
Examples of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (K), strange D mesons (D s), sigma baryons (Σ), and other strange particles. According to the
Strange_quark
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
bind with other quarks. Hadrons can contain either a quark-antiquark pair (mesons) or three quarks (baryons). The lightest baryons are the nucleons: the proton
Standard_Model
Meson with total spin 0 and odd parity
physics, a pseudoscalar meson is a meson with total spin 0 and odd parity (usually notated as JP = 0− ). Pseudoscalar mesons are commonly seen in proton–proton
Pseudoscalar_meson
Type of quark
with strange baryons (e.g. Λ0 b). Quark model B-factory B meson Kobayashi, M.; Maskawa, T. (1973). "CP-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak
Bottom_quark
Elementary particle or quantum of light
protons and neutrons are substantially different. A theory called vector meson dominance (VMD) was developed to explain this effect. According to VMD,
Photon
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
{\displaystyle N} will be far smaller, at the level of N ∼ 10 4 ( M 25 k t o n ) ( 10 k p c d ) 2 , {\displaystyle N\sim 10^{4}\left({\frac {M}{25\,{\mathsf
Neutrino
Elementary particles that are force carriers
of bosons: first, fundamental scalar bosons (the Higgs boson); second, mesons, which are composite bosons, made of quarks; third, larger composite, non-force-carrying
Gauge_boson
Elementary particle that mediates the strong force
between hadrons. The force mediators for these are other hadrons called mesons. Although in the normal phase of QCD single gluons may not travel freely
Gluon
Baryon made of specific quark combinations
correctly distinguishing it as a baryon, rather than a meson, i.e. different in kind from the K meson discovered in 1947 by George Rochester and Clifford
Lambda_baryon
Antiparticle of the electron
F. D.; Davenne, T.; Efthymiopoulos, I.; Froula, D. H.; Goillot, A.; Gudmundsson, J. T.; Haberberger, D.; Halliday, J. W. D.; Hodge, T. (12 June 2024)
Positron
Type of strange baryon
contributions to cosmic-ray physics". Physics Today. 66 (6): 8. Bibcode:2013PhT....66f...8D. doi:10.1063/PT.3.1989. ISSN 0031-9228. Ravel, Olivier (2013)
Hyperon
Type of quark
calculations give a more precise value: 2.01±0.14 MeV/c2. When found in mesons (particles made of one quark and one antiquark) or baryons (particles made
Up_quark
Subatomic particle made of a charm quark and antiquark
(J/psi) meson /ˈdʒeɪ ˈsaɪ ˈmiːzɒn/ is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. Mesons formed by
J/psi_meson
Hypothetical faster-than-light particle
"Particles beyond the Light Barrier". Physics Today. 22 (5): 43–51. Bibcode:1969PhT....22e..43B. doi:10.1063/1.3035574. Feinberg, G. (1967). "Possibility of faster-than-light
Tachyon
Elementary subatomic particle with negative electric charge
because the energy to produce the τ+τ− pair is similar to the threshold for D meson production. The mass and spin of the tau were subsequently established by
Tau_(particle)
Subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Tau_neutrino
Elementary particle with negative charge
magneton, which is a physical constant that is equal to 9.2740100657(29)×10−24 J⋅T−1. The orientation of the spin with respect to the momentum of the electron
Electron
Class of elementary particles
classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved
Lepton
Short-lived hadronic particle that is an isospin triplet
omega mesons, the rho meson carries the nuclear force within the atomic nucleus. After the octet consisting of the pions, kaons, and eta meson, the rho
Rho_meson
Type of quark
calculations give a more precise value: 4.79±0.16 MeV/c2. When found in mesons (particles made of one quark and one antiquark) or baryons (particles made
Down_quark
Physics term for multiple concepts
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Exotic_matter
Particle with opposite charges
antiparticle and the particle coincide: pairs of photons, Z0 bosons, π0 mesons, and hypothetical gravitons and some hypothetical WIMPs all self-annihilate
Antiparticle
Hypothetical particle composed of gluons
difficult to identify in particle accelerators, because they mix with ordinary meson states. In pure gauge theory, glueballs are the only states of the spectrum
Glueball
Type of quark
found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and the charmed baryons created in particle accelerator collisions. Several
Charm_quark
Fermionic superpartner of the axion
John (2013). "Axion Mediation". JHEP. 1307 (7): 096. arXiv:1301.0829. Bibcode:2013JHEP...07..096B. doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2013)096. S2CID 119109120. v t e
Axino
Study of subatomic particles and forces
an even number are called mesons. Two baryons, the proton and the neutron, make up most of the mass of ordinary matter. Mesons are unstable and the longest-lived
Particle_physics
Fluid Universe". Scientific American. Retrieved 2015-12-22. Testing gaussianity, homogeneity and isotropy with the cosmic microwave background v t e
Non-Gaussianity
Hypothetical field that may have driven cosmic inflation
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Inflaton
Quasiparticle of mechanical vibrations
have the solution Q k = A k e i ω k t ; ω k = 2 C m ( 1 − cos k a ) . {\displaystyle Q_{k}=A_{k}e^{i\omega _{k}t};\qquad \omega _{k}={\sqrt {{\frac {2C}{m}}(1-\cos
Phonon
Type of topological solutions in non-linear sigma models
doi:10.1098/rspa.1961.0018. S2CID 122604321. Skyrme, T. (1962). "A unified field theory of mesons and baryons". Nuclear Physics. 31: 556–569. Bibcode:1962NucPh
Skyrmion
Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)
and protons together in nuclei, and is due to virtual mesons such as the pi meson and rho meson. The weak nuclear force is the result of exchange by virtual
Virtual_particle
Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron
deflectormeter. Larger antimatter atoms such as antideuterium (D), antitritium (T), and antihelium (He) are much more difficult to produce. Antideuterium, antihelium-3
Antihydrogen
Bound state of a proton and antiprotron
through the strong interaction. Thus multiparticle interactions involving mesons in intermediate states may be important. Hence the production and study
Protonium
Smallest unit of a chemical element
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Atom
Bosons that mediate the weak interaction
collaboration observed the first exclusive decay of the Z boson to a ψ meson and a lepton–antilepton pair. Bose–Einstein statistics – Description of
W_and_Z_bosons
Meson whose constituents are a quark and its own antiquark of the same flavor
physics, quarkonium (from quark and -onium, pl. quarkonia) is a flavorless meson whose constituents are a heavy quark and its own antiquark, making it both
Quarkonium
Conceptual opposite of an electron
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Electron_hole
Subatomic particle
"The idea of the neutrino". Physics Today. 31 (9): 23–28. Bibcode:1978PhT....31i..23B. doi:10.1063/1.2995181. M.F. L'Annunziata (2007). Radioactivity
Electron_neutrino
Meson that oscillates between matter and antimatter
The B s meson is a type of unstable subatomic particle known as a meson. It is notable for its observed ability to spontaneously switch into its own antiparticle
Strange_B_meson
Family of subatomic particles
(5): 936. Bibcode:1952PhRv...85..936A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.85.936. Hahn, T. M.; Snyder, C. W.; Willard, H. B.; Bair, J. K.; Klema, E. D.; Kington, J
Delta_baryon
Spin 1 quasiparticle; quantum of a spin wave
( T ) = M 0 [ 1 − ( T T c ) 3 / 2 ] {\displaystyle M(T)=M_{0}\left[1-\left({\frac {T}{T_{\text{c}}}}\right)^{3/2}\right]} where T c {\displaystyle T_{\text{c}}}
Magnon
Class of subatomic particle
Higgs boson) contributes to the phenomenon of mass. Other bosons, such as mesons, are composite particles made up of smaller constituents. Outside the realm
Boson
Charmed particle
a Λ c + {\displaystyle \Lambda _{\rm {c}}^{+}} baryon and three lighter mesons, K–, π+ and π+. Physics portal List of baryons Sébastien Gavois (Nextinpact
Ξcc++
Type of subatomic particle
The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom" by Graham Farmelo Morii, T.; Lim, C. S.; Mukherjee, S. N. (1 January 2004). The Physics of the Standard
Fermion
Subatomic particle with positive charge
; Hoelbling, C.; Hoffmann, R.; Katz, S.D.; Krieg, S.; Kurth, T.; Lellouch, L.; Lippert, T.; Szabo, K.K.; Vulvert, G. (2008). "Ab Initio Determination of
Proton
Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms
Chemistry (3rd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 978-0-395-43302-7. Brown, T.L.; Kenneth C. Kemp; Theodore L. Brown; Harold Eugene LeMay; Bruce Edward
Molecule
Subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Antineutron
Concept in condensed matter physics
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Quasiparticle
Subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Antiproton
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.221101. PMID 28621973. S2CID 206291714. Rothman, T.; Boughn, S. (2006). "Can Gravitons be Detected?". Foundations of Physics
Graviton
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
no straight answer. [emphasis in original] The statement excludes spin-0 mesons, such as the pion, since they are known to be composites of pairs of spin-1/2
Higgs_boson
Fermion that is its own antiparticle
and right-handed antineutrinos have non-zero weak isospin, T 3 = ± 1 2 , {\displaystyle T_{3}=\pm {\tfrac {1}{2}},} a charge-like quantum number. However
Majorana_fermion
Bound state of an electron and positron
Para-positronium lifetime in vacuum is approximately t 0 = 2 ℏ m e c 2 α 5 = 0.1244 n s . {\displaystyle t_{0}={\frac {2\hbar }{m_{\mathrm {e} }c^{2}\alpha
Positronium
Collective excitation in superfluid helium-4 (a quasiparticle)
gasses support state of supersolid properties". Henkel, N.; Nath, R.; Pohl, T. (11 May 2010). "Three-Dimensional Roton Excitations and Supersolid Formation
Roton
List of particles in matter including fermions and bosons
exotic baryons may also exist. Ordinary mesons are made up of a valence quark and a valence antiquark. Because mesons have integer spin (0 or 1) and are not
List_of_particles
Classification scheme of hadrons
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula individually, so any additive assembly of them will as well. Mesons are made of a valence quark–antiquark pair (thus have a baryon number of
Quark_model
Core of an atom composed of nucleons
C.; Blazhev, A.; Bönig, S.; Bree, N.; Cederkäll, J.; Chupp, T.; Cline, D.; Cocolios, T. E. (May 2013). "Studies of pear-shaped nuclei using accelerated
Atomic_nucleus
Boson with spin equal to zero
composite particles are scalar bosons, e.g. the alpha particle and scalar mesons. The φ4-theory or quartic interaction is a popular "toy model" quantum field
Scalar_boson
Field of physics that studies atomic interactions
together. In the Yukawa interaction a virtual particle, later called a meson, mediated a force between all nucleons, including protons and neutrons.
Nuclear_physics
Concept in quantum mechanics
Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Pr. ISBN 978-0-691-10250-4. Whittaker, Edmund T. (1989). A history of the theories of aether & electricity. 2: The modern
Wave–particle_duality
Tendency of matter subjected to an electric field to acquire an electric dipole moment
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Polarizability
Subatomic particle with no charge
The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium (D or 2H) and tritium (T or 3H) contain one proton bound to one and two neutrons, respectively. All
Neutron
Small localized object
English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. Lambe, T. W.; Whitman, R. V. (1969). Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-471-51192-2
Particle
Hypothetical scalar particle that couples to matter more weakly than gravity
22323/1.120.0446. Jenke, T.; Cronenberg, G.; Burgdörfer, J.; Chizhova, L. A.; Geltenbort, P.; Ivanov, A. N.; Lauer, T.; Lins, T.; Rotter, S.; Saul, H.;
Chameleon_particle
Effect in quantum electrodynamics
oscillating at ν, δ r ( t ) ≅ δ r ( 0 ) ( e − i ν t + e i ν t ) , {\displaystyle \delta r(t)\cong \delta r(0)(e^{-i\nu t}+e^{i\nu t}),} therefore ( δ r )
Lamb_shift
Type of atom
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Muonium
Hypothetical particles in physics
70.093009. S2CID 118616267. Demir, Durmus A.; Kane, Gordon L.; Wang, Ting T. (2005). "The Minimal U(1)′ extension of the MSSM". Physical Review D. 72
W′_and_Z′_bosons
Subatomic particle
1940s. The first paper on it may be Shoichi Sakata and Takesi Inoue's two-meson theory of 1942, which also involved two neutrinos. In 1962 Leon M. Lederman
Muon_neutrino
Subatomic particles consisting of quarks and gluons
"well-known" hadrons such as protons and neutrons contain three quarks and mesons pair a quark with an antiquark, exotic hadrons like pentaquarks contain
Exotic_hadron
Hypothetical superpartner to the graviton
possible channel of decay must include either a photon, a charged lepton or a meson, each of which would be energetic enough to destroy a nucleus if it strikes
Gravitino
Neutral mass eigenstate formed from superpartners of gauge and Higgs bosons
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Neutralino
Type of quasiparticle
Scientific American. Retrieved 26 February 2014. A. E. Almand-Hunter; H. Li; S. T. Cundiff; M. Mootz; M. Kira & S. W. Koch (26 February 2014). "Quantum droplets
Dropleton
Particle smaller than an atom
proton and neutron (the two nucleons) are by far the best known; and the mesons containing an even number of quarks (almost always 2, one quark and one
Subatomic_particle
Hypothetical elementary particles
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
X_and_Y_bosons
Field with an imaginary mass
those particles is positive. Now consider an initial condition where at time t=0, all the pendulums are pointing straight up. Clearly this is unstable, but
Tachyonic_field
Baryon made of specific quark combinations
τ = ħ/Γ is given instead. Delta baryon Hyperon Lambda baryon List of mesons List of particles Nucleon Omega baryon Physics portal Timeline of particle
Sigma_baryon
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