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Bond-like instrument
In the United States a contingent surplus note, also known as an emergency subordinated bond is a bond-like instrument issued by an insurance company,
Surplus_note
Concept in economics
In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to manufacture it:
Surplus_value
Concept in economics
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either
Economic_surplus
Three-volume work by Karl Marx, 1867–1894
Sismondi and Jean-Baptiste Say. His extensive notes on these thinkers, published as Theories of Surplus Value, demonstrate his method of deconstructing
Das_Kapital
Insurance type in the United States
which then form reciprocals by providing the initial capital (often as a surplus note), attracting subscribers, and managing the exchange. Reciprocals are
Reciprocal inter-insurance exchange
Reciprocal_inter-insurance_exchange
Economic concept theorised by Karl Marx
to work out his idea of surplus product in his 1844 notes on James Mill's Elements of political economy. Notions of "surplus produce" have been used in
Surplus_product
Book by Clay Shirky
Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into Collaborators is a 2010 non-fiction book by Clay Shirky, originally published in with the subtitle
Cognitive_Surplus
Economic concept
Surplus labour (German: Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. It means labour performed in excess of the labour
Surplus_labour
Difference between revenues and spending
capital assets excluded. A positive balance is called a government budget surplus, and a negative balance is a government budget deficit. A government budget
Government_budget_balance
Refinement of perfect matching theorems
it, the surplus of all graphs would always be 0. Note also that: def(G;X) = max[0, −sur(G; X)] In a bipartite graph G = (X+Y, E), the surplus function
Deficiency_(graph_theory)
Period of banking in U.S. history
discounted bonds with the same notes that they backed, draw the interest on the bonds, and circulate the surplus notes as he chose. Nebraska declared
Wildcat_banking
Type of financial instrument
variety of different forms such as a standby loan, a catastrophe bond, a surplus note, or a call option enhanced reverse convertible. Pricing contingent convertible
Contingent_convertible_bond
Multi-winner electoral system
preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated or elected with surplus votes, so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others
Single_transferable_vote
Health Insurance CO-OP
selling in Idaho. What helped them through this period was an $8 million surplus note given by St. Luke's Health System in Boise that was paid back in full
Mountain_Health_CO-OP
Record of imports, exports, and net capital transfers of a country
large surpluses while the United States carries "large and persistent current account deficits" which has created a trade imbalance. The authors note that
Current account (balance of payments)
Current_account_(balance_of_payments)
President of the United States from 1981 to 1989
in 1966, he raised state taxes, turned the state budget deficit into a surplus, and implemented crackdowns on university protests. Following his loss
Ronald_Reagan
Country in Southern and Western Europe
manufactured in Spain were exported worldwide in 2023; the total external trade surplus of vehicles alone reached €18.8bn in 2023. Overall, the automotive industry
Spain
Currency of Mexico
had been predicted to remain stable as the country was operating in a surplus between 1990 and 1994. This crisis[ambiguous] was seen as the fault of
Mexican_peso
Type of insurance
of the rehabilitation followed the successful completion of Ambac's surplus note exchange offers and consent solicitation, which, together with the satisfaction
Bond_insurance
Film director
three-year period.[citation needed] Surplus marked the start of a strong co-operation with composer-editor Johan Söderberg. Surplus premiered in competition at
Erik_Gandini
Commodity cheese controlled by American government
stabilized) price of milk through dairy industry subsidies, which produced a surplus that was in turn converted into cheese, butter, and powdered milk. The
Government_cheese
King of England from 1509 to 1547
war. Indeed, war and Henry's dynastic ambitions in Europe exhausted the surplus he had inherited from his father by the mid-1520s. Henry VII had not involved
Henry_VIII
1861–1865 conflict in the United States
postwar recovery. Cotton diplomacy proved a failure, because Europe had a surplus of cotton, while the 1860–62 crop failures in Europe made the North's grain
American_Civil_War
Economic concept
its balance of trade will improve (e.g., the U.S. will develop a trade surplus with Japan). The country's imports become more expensive and exports become
Marshall–Lerner_condition
Country in Southeast Asia
1994. Pincus 2015, p. 27; this article refers to the so-called "Vent for surplus" theory of international trade. Quang Vinh, p. 13. "WTO | Accessions: Viet
Vietnam
State in eastern India
significant increase in food production since the 1980s and the state now has a surplus of grains. The state's share of total industrial output in India was 9
West_Bengal
US government debt instruments
As the U.S. government used budget surpluses to pay down federal debt in the late 1990s, the 10-year Treasury note began to replace the 30-year Treasury
United States Treasury security
United_States_Treasury_security
President of the United States from 1993 to 2001
presidency, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus—the first and only such surplus since 1969. Clinton left office in 2001 with the joint-highest
Bill_Clinton
American actuary
their ability to pay claims, as well as the financial viability of surplus notes and other financial instruments issued by insurers. Born on August 3
Alfred_M._Best
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
Russian state-owned companies. To bypass sanctions and manage its currency surplus, Russia pays in rupees, supporting both civilian and military needs. Reuters
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Theory in classical and Marxian economics
explain the origin of surplus value and exploitation under capitalism, arguing that profit originates from the unpaid surplus labor of workers. From
Labor_theory_of_value
American actress and activist (born 1937)
part of the grounds of Fort Lawton, which was in the process of being surplussed by the United States Army and turned into a park. The group was attempting
Jane_Fonda
Country in Southern and Western Europe
Europe; as of 2024, it exported €612 billion in goods and had a trade surplus of €46 billion. A developed country ranked 30th on the Human Development
Italy
Country in Northwestern Europe and the Caribbean
exports. It employs about 4% of the Dutch labour force but produces large surpluses in the food-processing industry and accounts for 21% of the Dutch total
Netherlands
Chinese global infrastructure project
Compare: Chohan, Usman W. (7 July 2017), What Is One Belt One Road? A Surplus Recycling Mechanism Approach, SSRN 2997650, It has been lauded as a visionary
Belt_and_Road_Initiative
Argentine revolutionary (1928–1967)
Referring to Che's "restless" nature, his father declared "the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of the Irish rebels". Che Guevara
Che_Guevara
President of the United States from 1881 to 1885
Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. Arthur vetoed
Chester_A._Arthur
U.S. Founding Father, president from 1789 to 1797
to transition from tobacco to grain crops, which left him with a costly surplus of slaves, causing him to question the system's economic efficiency. In
George_Washington
rent and dividends." According to Central Intelligence Agency, "budget surplus (+) or deficit (−) records the difference between national government revenues
List of countries by government budget
List_of_countries_by_government_budget
Sectoral analysis framework
financial sector. The sum of the surpluses or deficits across these three sectors must be zero by definition. A surplus balance represents a net savings
Sectoral_balances
Rotorcraft with unpowered rotor
Air Force, which designated it the X-25. The B-8M was designed to use surplus McCulloch engines used on flying unmanned target drones. Ken Wallis developed
Autogyro
Prime Minister of Australia since 2022
government delivered a surplus of $22.1 billion (equivalent to 0.9% of Australia's GDP); this was Australia's first budget surplus in 15 years, and the
Anthony_Albanese
Literary work by Karl Marx
Theories of Surplus Value (German: Theorien über den Mehrwert) is a draft manuscript written by Karl Marx between January 1862 and July 1863. It is mainly
Theories_of_Surplus_Value
Country primarily in Western Europe
world's sixth-biggest exporter of agricultural products, generating a trade surplus of over €7.4 billion. Nicknamed "the granary of the old continent", over
France
Roman emperor from 138 to 161
Antoninus was an effective administrator, leaving his successors a large surplus in the treasury, expanding free access to drinking water throughout the
Antoninus_Pius
Country in Europe
exporter and third-largest importer, and it has the second-largest trade surplus after China. Its largest trading partners in 2025 were China, the United
Germany
in full or partially if a predetermined event happens. Contingent Surplus Notes: notes that supply holders with capital (money) when a loss occurs. Weather
Alternative_risk_transfer
1945 political allegorical novella by George Orwell
entertaining himself with cockfighting. Napoleon allies with Frederick to sell surplus timber that Pilkington also sought, but is enraged to learn Frederick paid
Animal_Farm
South African system of racial segregation
the families of workers living in townships close to the homelands, and "surplus people" from urban areas, including thousands of people from the Western
Apartheid
different job levels, was inaugurated. Universities and colleges with surplus professors and researchers were advised to grant them appropriate academic
Education_in_China
Indian actress and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1948–2016)
state is expected to have 11,649 million units of surplus power. Tamil Nadu became among the power surplus states while she was chief minister in this term
J._Jayalalithaa
Social class
factories, land, and technology. By employing the proletariat, they extract surplus value from the workers' labour, a process fundamental to the functioning
Bourgeoisie
President of Brazil from 2019 to 2023
than what the US needed for a "level playing field"—despite the US trade surplus with Brazil. This led to comparisons about federal prosecution of Donald
Jair_Bolsonaro
Country in Eastern Europe and West Asia
have increased fourfold and a once large budget deficit has turned into a surplus. As of 2001, 54 per cent of the population lived below the national poverty
Georgia_(country)
Island country in the Pacific Ocean
transformed Māori agriculture and warfare. Potatoes provided a reliable food surplus, which enabled longer and more sustained military campaigns. The resulting
New_Zealand
School of economic thought
analysis of crisis in capitalism, the role and distribution of the surplus product and surplus value in various types of economic systems, the nature and origin
Marxian_economics
U.S. Air Force facility in southern Nevada
August 1961, construction of the essential facilities was complete; three surplus Navy hangars were erected on the base's north side while hangar 7 was new
Area_51
Country in South America
Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and rapid GDP growth. Under his administration, Argentina restructured
Argentina
1995 terrorist bombing in Oklahoma City
handcuffed. Written on the back of the card, which was from a military surplus store in Antigo, Wisconsin, were the words "TNT at $5 a stick. Need more
Oklahoma_City_bombing
Governor of Illinois since 2019
pay without penalty. The governor's office had expected a $150-million surplus, which it planned to use to pay down the state's $6-billion backlog of
JB_Pritzker
Service rifle cartridge
bullets can be prohibitively expensive, costing much more than military surplus ammunition. Additionally, these heavy-for-caliber loadings sacrifice some
5.56×45mm_NATO
King of France from 1643 to 1715
Colbert achieved excellent results, with the deficit of 1661 turning into a surplus by 1666, with interest on the debt decreasing from 52 million to 24 million
Louis_XIV
Partially compensatory electoral system
vote transfer systems (used in Germany) have been under the "losers plus surplus" model, therefore, they inherently included "winner compensation". Under
Vote_linkage
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
Surplus Value, which discussed and critiqued the theoreticians of political economy, particularly Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Theories of Surplus Value
Karl_Marx
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
In May 1932, he introduced kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade surplus produce. However, penal sanctions became harsher; a decree in August 1932
Joseph_Stalin
Federal capital district of the United States
won election in 1998 and oversaw a period of urban renewal and budget surpluses.[citation needed] The district regained control over its finances in 2001
Washington,_D.C.
Locations where civilization emerged
marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, religious leaders
Cradle_of_civilization
Country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
2008. Between 2012 and 2013, the government achieved an overall fiscal surplus of 4.5%. In March 2002 the US Department of Commerce granted Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Main battle tank/medium tank family of Soviet origin, 1946
Regiment Museum has an operational T-54. There is a T-54 outside of K-W Surplus in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada Museum of Military Technology "Gryf" in Gdynia
T-54/T-55
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
Street, which, when combined with the Empire State Building, resulted in surplus of office space in a slow market during the 1930s. Aggressive marketing
Empire_State_Building
Concept in Lacanian psychoanalysis
for all other signifiers, but a surplus is always produced: this surplus is objet petit a, a surplus meaning, a surplus of jouissance. The object a is
Objet_petit_a
Country in East Asia
Japan. By 1980, foreign trade reached $39 billion per year and generated a surplus of $46.5 million. Along with Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea, Taiwan
Taiwan
Imperial dynasty of China (618–907)
throughout the country. The central government was able then to build a large surplus stock of foods to ward off the rising danger of famine and increased agricultural
Tang_dynasty
1982 film by Ridley Scott
Stanley Kubrick. Ridley Scott contacted Kubrick about using some of his surplus helicopter aerial photography from The Shining. "Spinner" is the generic
Blade_Runner
Supranational political and economic union
and is negotiating with many others. The European Union's services trade surplus rose from $16 billion in 2000 to more than $250 billion in 2018. In 2020
European_Union
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
which is used when additional winners have winning matches. Once this surplus amount reaches a specified value a special event "must be won" draw is
National Lottery (United Kingdom)
National_Lottery_(United_Kingdom)
King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975
was carried out to conserve water from springs and wells and make use of surplus water. Dams were also built in Abha, Al-Majma'ah, and along Wadi Hanifa
Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia
Roman emperor from 527 to 565
Egypt and Nubia. At the start of Justinian I's reign, he had inherited a surplus 28,800,000 solidi (400,000 pounds of gold) in the imperial treasury from
Justinian_I
Economic policy emphasizing exports
to reduce a possible current account deficit or reach a current account surplus, and it includes measures aimed at accumulating monetary reserves by a
Mercantilism
2014 South Korean television series
The Idle Mermaid (Korean: 잉여공주; lit. 'Surplus Princess') is a 2014 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Jo Bo-ah, On Joo-wan, Song
The_Idle_Mermaid
President of the United States from 1961 to 1963
increase would have caused a net gain for the GDP as well as a net budget surplus. The stock market, which had steadily declined since Kennedy's election
John_F._Kennedy
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
most popular candidates of the most popular parties. If quota is used, surplus votes of early winners can be put in the party pool of votes for determination
Proportional_representation
How choices are tallied under multi-winner ranked-choice voting
quota. Surplus votes (those exceeding quota) may be transferred from winners to the remaining candidates (hopefuls) according to the surplus ballots'
Counting single transferable votes
Counting_single_transferable_votes
Campaign fought in Libya and Egypt during WWII
but this did not begin until late in 1942. From February to May 1941, a surplus of 45,000 long tons (45,722 t) was delivered; attacks from Malta had some
Western_Desert_campaign
Series of Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs)
Retrieved 2022-10-03. Tomkins, Richard (18 August 2016). "Lithuania receives surplus vehicles from the Netherlands". United Press International. Retrieved 18
Mercedes-Benz_G-Class
territories, only settlers have the right to vote. Two parties could sign a surplus vote agreement that allowed them to compete for leftover seats as if they
2022 Israeli legislative election
2022_Israeli_legislative_election
population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets
List_of_largest_cities
American industrialist and philanthropist (1835–1919)
I need ever earn, make no effort to increase my fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes! Let us cast aside business forever,
Andrew_Carnegie
bolstering foreign exchange reserves and contributing to a current account surplus. The table below displays key economic indicators from 1980 to 2025. Real
Economy_of_Pakistan
State in southern India
the Wayback Machine.) Virendra Kumar (1975). "Committee on Telangana surpluses, 1969 – Report by Justice Bhargava". Committees and commissions in India
Telangana
British colonies forming the United States
Spanish, or Dutch. The tactic used by mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its
Thirteen_Colonies
Wild cat species native to the Americas
confirmed to have been killed by cougars that year. Some instances of surplus killing have resulted in the deaths of 20 sheep in one attack. A cougar's
Cougar
Island country in the Indian Ocean
Seychelles imports three times more oil than is needed for internal uses: this surplus is strategically re-exported as bunker fuel for international shipping
Seychelles
1846–1848 conflict between Mexico and the United States
in raids against Mexican or American forces. The Mexican army was using surplus British muskets (such as the Brown Bess), left over from the Napoleonic
Mexican–American_War
Political party in India
Choudhury, in which Hare Krishna Konar played a leading role in getting surplus land held by big land owners in excess of land ceiling laws and kept 'benami'
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)
1949 dystopian novel by George Orwell
be partially correct since the purpose of perpetual war is to consume surplus industrial production. As "The Book" explains, society is in fact designed
Nineteen_Eighty-Four
1858–1947 Crown colonial rule in India
had the effect of erasing India's national debt; it ended the war with a surplus of £1,300 million. In addition, heavy British spending on munitions produced
British_Raj
Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois
emerging retail giants including Kmart, Kohl's, and Walmart. As a result of a surplus of office space that emerged in the 1980s, the tower did not draw as many
Willis_Tower
German philosopher and socialist (1820–1895)
on core concepts like constant and variable capital and the theory of surplus value. He also served as Marx's "man on the ground" for analysing economic
Friedrich_Engels
Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China
Communal farming was encouraged. The Jin Empire prospered and had a large surplus of grain in reserve. Poor Jurchen families in the southern Routes (Daming
Jin_dynasty_(1115–1234)
SURPLUS NOTE
SURPLUS NOTE
Girl/Female
Indian
Surplus, Overabundance
Girl/Female
Muslim
Excess, Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Surplus Bestowed by Allah
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Prayer; Surplus; Overabundance
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Place Name
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Abundant; Plentiful; Surplus
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Searles.
Boy/Male
Muslim
High, Excellent, Surplus, Abundance
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Addition; Surplus; Plenty
Boy/Male
Muslim
Excess, Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Excess; Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Addition; Surplus; Increase; Growth
Boy/Male
Indian
High, Excellent, Surplus, Abundance
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Excess; Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Girl/Female
Muslim
Surplus, Overabundance
Girl/Female
Arabic
Excess; Surplus
Boy/Male
Muslim
Surplus bestowed by Allah
SURPLUS NOTE
SURPLUS NOTE
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil
Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pure; True; Clear; Real
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Deliverance
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Pure (Originate from Lord Krishna)
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Sharon, SHARYN means "plain, level ground."
Male
English
Unisex pet form of English Frederick and Latin Frederica, both FREDDIE means "peaceful ruler."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Listener; In Order
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of wealth
Boy/Male
Indian, Parsi
Lucky
Boy/Male
Hindu
Red, Made of copper, Mars, Lord
SURPLUS NOTE
SURPLUS NOTE
SURPLUS NOTE
SURPLUS NOTE
SURPLUS NOTE
n.
The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus.
imp. & p. p.
of Surpass
n.
A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.
n.
Surplus.
n.
That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus.
n.
An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surpass
a.
Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
v. t.
To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
n.
An excess; a surplus.
n.
Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
v. t.
The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.
pl.
of Purple
n.
A syrphus fly.
n.
A sum or quantity over; surplus.
n.
That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
n.
Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus.
v. t.
To surfel.
n.
Increase; addition; surplus.