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International postal service
Surface Air Lifted (SAL) is a postal service used to send international mail items. Thirty-nine postal authorities provide this service. It is a cost-effective
Surface_Air_Lifted
Topics referred to by the same term
Structural Adjustment Loan, or SAL, to developing countries Surface Air Lift/Surface Air Lifted, or SAL, a postal classification Finnish Shooting Sport Federation
Sal
Indian logistics company
with Gelco Express International, UK, for the operations of international air package express services from India. In 2010–11, it introduced ′cash on delivery
Blue_Dart_Express
Force perpendicular to flow of surrounding fluid
shape, air density, and airspeed. Pressure is the normal force per unit area exerted by the air on itself and on surfaces that it touches. The lift force
Lift_(force)
Ground-launched missile designed to attack aerial targets
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched
Surface-to-air_missile
Norwegian surface-to-air missile system
Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System, also known as Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System) is a short- to medium-range ground-based air defense
NASAMS
Accelerated mail delivery service
letter Mail Pony Express Postal administration S10 (UPU standard) Surface Air Lifted (SAL) "Express Mail Service (EMS) Cooperative". ems.post. Archived
Express_mail
Flight control surface meant to increase drag
In aeronautics, air brakes, or speed brakes, are a type of flight control surface used on an aircraft to increase the drag on the aircraft. When extended
Air_brake_(aeronautics)
System used to retrieve persons on the ground using an aircraft
Fulton surface-to-air recovery system (STARS), also known as Skyhook, is a system used by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States Air Force
Fulton surface-to-air recovery system
Fulton_surface-to-air_recovery_system
Mail transported by land and sea
Surface mail, also known as sea mail, is mail that is transported by land and sea (along the surface of the Earth), rather than by air, as in airmail.
Surface_mail
Fixed-wing aircraft with a main central wing plus fore and aft surfaces
A three-surface aircraft or sometimes three-lifting-surface aircraft has a foreplane, a central wing and a tailplane. The central wing surface always provides
Three-surface_aircraft
Surface that allows a pilot to adjust and control an aircraft's flight attitude
deflecting the air stream passing over them, to create the intended effect. Certain fixed-wing aircraft configurations may use different control surfaces however
Flight_control_surfaces
Airtight bag used for underwater buoyant lifting when filled with air
which will only lift a short distance before surfacing, after which the load can be lifted further by staged lifts or direct lift by close-coupled bags
Lifting_bag
Tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a surface of any form
air near an obstacle. Mark the dimple which a slender stream of air makes on the surface of water. Bring a convex body into contact with the side of the
Coandă_effect
Independent agency of the U.S. federal government
diplomatic posts. Alternatives to international surface mail include: International Surface Air Lift (ISAL). The service includes neither tracking nor
United_States_Postal_Service
Height at which an air parcel becomes saturated
The lifting condensation level or lifted condensation level (LCL) is the height at which the relative humidity (RH) of an air parcel will reach 100% with
Lifting_condensation_level
Missile type
lift and stability, although hyper-velocity or short-ranged missiles may use body lift or fly a ballistic trajectory. The first operational surface-to-surface
Surface-to-surface_missile
Gas used to create buoyancy in a balloon or aerostat
making it useful in lifting lighter-than-air aircraft. Only certain lighter-than-air gases are suitable as lifting gases. Dry air has a density of about
Lifting_gas
Deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude
within the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) the air near the surface of the Earth is warmer than the air above it, largely because the atmosphere is heated
Inversion_(meteorology)
Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold in the atmosphere
is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location. The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological
Atmospheric_temperature
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
of the surface, so air pressure on mountains is usually lower than air pressure at sea level. Pressure varies smoothly from the Earth's surface to the
Atmospheric_pressure
Self-propelled guided weapon system
based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. Missile is derived from Latin "missilis"
Missile
Measure of instability in the air as a buoyancy force
characteristics ascribed to the hypothetical air parcel, giving rise to specific versions of CAPE like surface-based CAPE (SBCAPE) or most-unstable CAPE
Convective available potential energy
Convective_available_potential_energy
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
\theta }{\rho gr}}} where h is the height the liquid is lifted, γla is the liquid–air surface tension, ρ is the density of the liquid, r is the radius
Surface_tension
Underwater diving breathing gas supplied from the surface
compressors were used. Air-line diving uses an air line hose in place of a full diver's umbilical to supply breathing air from the surface. If any of the required
Surface-supplied_diving
Topics referred to by the same term
assist a caregiver for a disabled patient Rack lift, a type of elevator Ski lift, an aerial or surface lift for uphill transport Space elevator, a hypothetical
Lift
Military transportation of materials and personnel using aircraft
are fitted with defensive aids systems to protect them from attack by surface-to-air missiles. The earliest Soviet tactical airlift occurred in 1929, in
Airlift
Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile
Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile (ASRAAM), also known by its United States designation AIM-132, is an imaging infrared homing air-to-air missile, produced
ASRAAM
Anti-aircraft and aerial defense service branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army
aerial threats. the IRIADF utilizes various air defense systems and technologies, such as surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft artillery, and radar
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force
Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Defense_Force
State-owned postal service of China
can be divided into three categories: Air Parcel, Surface Air Lift (SAL) Parcel, and Surface Parcel. China Post air mail/parcel is the most popular because
China_Post
Type of whirlwind
form when a pocket of hot air near the earth surface rises quickly through cooler air above it, forming an updraft. The hot air rises because it is less
Dust_devil
Tabletop sport
plastic puck. The air hockey table has raised edges that allow the puck to reflect off horizontally, and a very smooth, slippery surface that further reduces
Air_hockey
Pneumatic lifting device used to move heavy loads on flat, non-porous surfaces
An air caster is a pneumatic lifting device used to move heavy loads on flat, non-porous surfaces. Its operation is similar to a hovercraft, as it uses
Air_caster
Lighter-than-air aircraft
air (hence the name "lighter-than-air"). Its main component is one or more gas capsules made of lightweight skins, containing a lifting gas (hot air,
Aerostat
Special vehicle to fly in air just above sea or ground
wingship, flarecraft, or surface effect vehicle, is a hybrid surface vehicle/aircraft that makes use of wings to generate minimal lift and ground effect, to
Ground-effect_vehicle
Wing surface area adjuster, typically for shortening take-off and landing
flaps. Blown flaps take "bleed air" from the jet engine's compressor or engine exhaust and blow it over the rear upper surface of the wing and flap, re-energising
High-lift_device
Atmospheric altitude at which condensation occurs
the surface temperature, in the mid-afternoon, it may be the same. Compare this to the Lifting Condensation Level (LCL) where the air is lifted and cooled
Convective_condensation_level
Calima or Kalima (Saharan sand)
layer of the atmosphere, warming and drying the air near the surface and cooling while humidifying the air near the top of the layer through convective mixing
Calima_(Saharan_sand)
Tethered objects which fly by aerodynamic forces
objects which fly by using aerodynamic lift, requiring wind (or towing) for generation of airflow over the lifting surfaces. Various types of kites exist, depending
Kite_types
is the approximate temperature that air near the surface must reach for cloud formation without mechanical lift. In such case, cloud base begins at the
Convective_temperature
1948–1966 United States Armed Forces unified command
(each year) a job that would have taken surface transportation several months. During Deep Freeze III, a C-124 air-dropped a seven-ton tractor to an isolated
Military Air Transport Service
Military_Air_Transport_Service
Type of high-speed train
use steel wheels on steel rails, hovertrains use air-based lifting systems and a smooth paved surface known as the track or guideway. The concept aims
Hovertrain
Type of weather map
fronts because cold air is denser, and is only pushed along (not lifted from) the Earth's surface. The warm air mass overrides the cold air mass, so temperature
Surface_weather_analysis
Heavier-than-air aircraft with rotating wings
aircraft or rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft with rotary wings that spin around a vertical mast to generate lift. The assembly of several rotor blades
Rotorcraft
Principle relating to fluid dynamics
The curved surface of the tongue creates unequal air pressure and a lifting action. ... Lift is caused by air moving over a curved surface. d. Anderson
Bernoulli's_principle
Missile program of the United States Army
12 Nike Ajax missiles, each magazine had an elevator that lifted the missile to the surface in a horizontal position. Once above ground, the missile could
Project_Nike
Appendage used for flight
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and
Wing
Man-portable surface-to-air missile
The General Dynamics FIM-43 Redeye is a man-portable surface-to-air missile system. It uses passive infrared homing to track its target. Production began
FIM-43_Redeye
Aircraft configuration in which the fuselage produces significant lift
maximize cruise efficiency at subsonic speeds by eliminating non-lifting surfaces, lifting bodies generally minimize the drag and structure of a wing for
Lifting_body
Boundary separating two masses of air of different densities
cold front which usually follows because cold air is denser and harder to lift from the Earth's surface. This also forces temperature differences across
Weather_front
Air under a pressure greater than atmospheric
a high-pressure diving cylinder, or supplied from the surface at lower pressure through an air line or diver's umbilical. Similar arrangements are used
Compressed_air
Increased aircraft lift generated when close to fixed surface
when they are close to a surface (land or water). The principal benefit of operating in ground effect is to reduce its lift-induced drag. The closer the
Ground_effect_(aerodynamics)
Process to level concrete by levelling its underlying foundation
what causes the lifting. The expansion of the air bubbles in the injected material below the slab surface performs the actual lifting action as the liquid
Concrete_leveling
Air mass forced upwards as it moves over rising terrain
Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. Orography is the study of
Orographic_lift
Chamber for transporting divers vertically through the water
Diving bells are usually suspended by a cable, and lifted and lowered by a winch from a surface support platform. Unlike a submersible, the diving bell
Diving_bell
Air cushion vehicle
pressure ambient air above it produces lift, which causes the hull to float above the running surface. For stability reasons, the air is typically blown
Hovercraft
2025 aviation accident in India
for a full-length takeoff on runway 23, and lifted off at 13:38:39 IST after a 62-second takeoff roll. Surface winds were light at 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph)
Air_India_Flight_171
Airline of Kazakhstan
Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft. In 2018, European airspace restrictions were lifted for SCAT Airlines [citation needed] and in May 2018, Vilnius became their
SCAT_Airlines
Type of aerodynamic resistance against the motion of a wing or other airfoil
airplanes due to wings or a lifting body redirecting air to cause lift and also in cars with airfoil wings that redirect air to cause a downforce. It is
Lift-induced_drag
Aircraft which use flapping movement of the wings to generate lift
surface is also important. In DeLaurier's experiments, a smooth aerodynamic surface with a double-surface airfoil is more efficient at producing lift
Ornithopter
Condition where the Earth's atmosphere is generally considered to be unstable
For example, under unstable conditions, a lifted parcel of air will find cooler and denser surrounding air, making the parcel prone to further ascent
Atmospheric_instability
Solid object used in fluid mechanics
with air penetrating along the strut from the water surface to the foil – may occur. Both effects may have a substantial influence on the foil's lift. The
Foil_(fluid_mechanics)
Type of model aircraft
with ridge lift when explaining how walkalong gliders stay up. Ground effect involves a horizontal surface. Ridge lift requires a sloping surface. In ground
Walkalong_glider
Powered lighter-than-air aircraft
aerostat (lighter-than-air) aircraft that can navigate through the air flying under its own power. Aerostats use buoyancy from a lifting gas that is less dense
Airship
High supersonic Air-launched cruise missile
1970s for the United States Air Force. Intended for use in both the air-to-surface and anti-AWACS roles, the missile's development reached the stage of
ASALM
Iranian long range surface-to-air missile
رسولالله or O, Messenger of Allah!) is an Iranian long-range road-mobile surface-to-air missile system unveiled in August 2016. Iran describes it as a competitor
Bavar-373
Class of materials
contact angle of water on the surface γ SA {\displaystyle \gamma _{\text{SA}}} is the surface energy of the surface-air interface γ SL {\displaystyle
Self-cleaning_surfaces
Deflection of a spinning object moving through a fluid
lift acting on the cylinder. Streamlines are closer spaced immediately above the cylinder than below, so the air flows faster past the upper surface than
Magnus_effect
British hybrid airship prototype
Hybrid Air Vehicles (HAV). Comprising a helium airship with auxiliary wing and tail surfaces, it flies using both aerostatic and aerodynamic lift and is
Hybrid Air Vehicles Airlander 10
Hybrid_Air_Vehicles_Airlander_10
Powered aircraft with wings
bird's wing. Airplanes have flexible wing surfaces which are stretched across a frame and made rigid by the lift forces exerted by the airflow over them
Airplane
1988 aircraft shootdown over the Strait of Hormuz
Air Flight 655 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Tehran to Dubai via Bandar Abbas that was shot down on 3 July 1988 by two surface-to-air
Iran_Air_Flight_655
Electrohydrodynamic aircraft propulsion
2008 Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle (WEAV), a saucer-shaped EHD lifter with electrodes embedded throughout its surface, was studied by a team of researchers
Ion-propelled_aircraft
Vehicle or machine that can fly by gaining support from the air
fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, in a few cases
Aircraft
Comparison of swimming and flying, evolution and biophysics
to fly for extended periods in open air because land masses are distantly separated and floating on the surface of the water can be metabolically costly
Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
Tradeoffs_for_locomotion_in_air_and_water
area on the sail from the air passing around it. The lift force results from the average pressure on the windward surface of the sail being higher than
Forces_on_sails
Chinese soybean product
milk heats, a protein-lipid film forms on the surface. This film is lifted with a stick and hung to air-dry. As it hangs, the sheet of tofu skin wrinkles
Fuzhu_(food)
Angle between the chord of a wing and the undisturbed airflow
attack increases, the air begins to flow less smoothly over the upper surface of the airfoil and begins to separate from the upper surface. On most airfoil
Angle_of_attack
Laser-guided battlefield missile (ASM, AAM, SAM and SSM)
Missile (LMM) is a lightweight air-to-surface, air-to-air, surface-to-air, and surface-to-surface missile developed by Thales Air Defence for the United Kingdom
Martlet_(missile)
Column of rising air in the lower altitudes of Earth's atmosphere
buoyant air, a convective current in the atmosphere, that transfers heat energy vertically. Thermals are created by the uneven heating of Earth's surface from
Thermal
Aerial service branch of the Indian Armed Forces
2022). "Indian 'Jugaad'! IAF Converts Obsolete Russian Air-To-Air Missiles Into Surface-To-Air Systems; Experts Perplexed". The Eurasian Times. Retrieved
Indian_Air_Force
U.S. Navy surface-to-air missile (1955–1979)
Bendix RIM-8 Talos was a long-range naval surface-to-air missile (SAM), among the earliest SAMs to equip United States Navy ships. The Talos used radar
RIM-8_Talos
Condensed water vapor that falls from clouds
called showers. Moisture that is lifted or otherwise forced to rise over a layer of sub-freezing air at the surface may be condensed by the low temperature
Precipitation
Small lifting surface of a fixed-wing aircraft
horizontal stabiliser, is a small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft. Gyroplanes
Tailplane
Aerial and space service branch of the Israel Defense Forces
began to deploy fighter aircraft units and surface-to-air missile units to Egypt. The Soviet surface-to-air missile units soon joined their Egyptian allies
Israeli_Air_Force
Raising a fluid by introducing bubbles of gas into the outlet tube
vaporized water to lift hot water Airlift pumps use compressed air to lift water Pulser pumps use a subterranean air chamber to lift underground water
Gas_lift
Nepomuceno, Priam. "PH Air Force gets another C-208B aircraft". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 25 April 2025. "Additional Light Lift Aircraft Acquisition
List of equipment of the Philippine Air Force
List_of_equipment_of_the_Philippine_Air_Force
Heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings generating aerodynamic lift
fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct
Fixed-wing_aircraft
Aircraft control surface used to control pitch
flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's pitch, and therefore the angle of attack and the lift of the wing
Elevator_(aeronautics)
Weather front
ground surface. These fronts are typically depicted on weather maps as a solid line with alternating blue spikes (pointing toward the warmer air) and red
Stationary_front
Equipment used specifically for surface supplied diving
self-contained breathing gas in an emergency. Thus, the surface-supplied diver is less likely to have an "out-of-air" emergency than a scuba diver using a single
Surface-supplied diving equipment
Surface-supplied_diving_equipment
Aircraft component
horizontal surface placed forward of the center of gravity e.g. In AIR International May 1999, p.311, Hoerner and Borst, Fluid Dynamic Lift, page 11-29
Stabilizer_(aeronautics)
System to limit ice on aircraft surfaces
aerodynamics of the surface by modifying the shape and the smoothness of the surface which increases drag, and decreases wing lift or propeller thrust
Ice_protection_system
Partially aero-static aircraft
aircraft that obtains some of its lift as a lighter-than-air (LTA) airship and some from aerodynamic lift as a heavier-than-air aerodyne. A dynastat is a hybrid
Hybrid_airship
Tethered aircraft
A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers
Kite
Short to medium range surface-to-air missile
The Umkhonto (Nguni: Spear) is a family of vertical-launched, surface-to-air missiles developed by Denel Dynamics. Umkhonto is designed to be a modern
Umkhonto_(missile)
Pump using density difference due to injected air in the liquid
least as deep under the water as the water is to be lifted. (If the water table is 50 ft below, the air should be pumped 100 feet deep). It is also sometimes
Airlift_pump
meta-defense.fr (in French). 2024-10-24. Retrieved 2025-02-21. "Diehl develops air-to-surface capability for IRIS-T AAM". Archived from the original on 2016-12-16
List of aircraft weapons in production and in development by the European defence industry
List_of_aircraft_weapons_in_production_and_in_development_by_the_European_defence_industry
One of the types of serves in the game of volleyball
During this serve, the ball is moving in the air without spin, allowing drag, lift, and turbulent air flow to have a big effect on its movement. When
Float_serve
Special forces unit of the British Army
The Special Air Service (SAS) is a special forces unit of the British Army. It was founded as a regiment in 1941 by David Stirling, and in 1950 it was
Special_Air_Service
Physics of heavier than air aircraft
9110 as, "a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed under given conditions
Aircraft_flight_mechanics
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