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Subjunctive possibility (also called alethic possibility) is a form of modality studied in modal logic. Subjunctive possibilities are the sorts of possibilities
Subjunctive_possibility
Topics referred to by the same term
logic Possibility theory, a mathematical theory for dealing with certain types of uncertainty and is an alternative to probability theory Subjunctive possibility
Possibility
Irrealis grammatical mood
attitude toward it. Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality, such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion
Subjunctive_mood
Spanish grammar
all dependent clauses require it. When the subjunctive appears, the clause may describe necessity, possibility, hopes, concession, condition, indirect commands
Subjunctive_mood_in_Spanish
English embedded clause type marking non-real possibilities
the English language lacks distinct inflections for mood, an English subjunctive is recognized in most grammars. Definition and scope of the concept vary
English_subjunctive
Concept in philosophy and modal logic
Epistemic possibility is often contrasted with subjunctive possibility (or alethic possibility), and although epistemic and subjunctive possibilities are often
Epistemic_possibility
Logical proposition that cannot be disproved
possible". Logical possibility is different from other sorts of subjunctive possibilities. The relationship between modalities (if there is any) is the
Logical_possibility
Grammatical mood in Latin
subjunctive. No subjunctive forms exist for future tenses; instead, a periphrastic construction with the future participle is used. The subjunctive appears
Subjunctive_mood_in_Latin
Conditionals that discuss what would have been if things were otherwise
conditionals, which are generally used to discuss live or open possibilities. The name subjunctive conditionals is sometimes preferred because counterfactuals
Counterfactual_conditional
Russian mathematician (1856–1922)
Markov property Stochastic matrix (also known as Markov matrix) Subjunctive possibility (Russian: Андре́й Андре́евич Ма́рков, first name also spelled "Andrei"
Andrey_Markov
Verb mood
The subjunctive in Dutch is a verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to express a wish, command, emotion, possibility, uncertainty, doubt, judgment
Subjunctive_in_Dutch
Grammatical feature of verbs
) Some examples of moods are indicative, interrogative, imperative, subjunctive, injunctive, optative, and irrealis/potential. These are all finite forms
Grammatical_mood
Object that exists in the imagination
hypothetical or subjunctive possibility which could or would be true, but might not be false. Conditional sequences involving subjunctives use intensional
Object_of_the_mind
Possible truths which are not necessary
necessity Indeterminism Logical possibility Metaphysical necessity Modal collapse Modal fallacy Modal logic Subjunctive possibility ^αWhen a statement is false
Contingency_(philosophy)
reason State State of nature Style Sub specie aeternitatis Subject Subjunctive possibility Sublime Substance theory Substantial form Substitution Suffering
List of philosophical concepts
List_of_philosophical_concepts
Verbs in the Spanish language
second or third T–V distinction: familiar or formal Mood: indicative, subjunctive, or imperative Aspect: perfective or imperfective (distinguished only
Spanish_verbs
In Old English, the subjunctive mood is a flexible grammatical instrument for expressing different gradients in thought when referring to events that
Old_English_subjunctive
Topics referred to by the same term
such as necessity, possibility or impossibility, as in: Alethic modality, a modality in linguistics Subjunctive or alethic possibility, a form of modality
Alethic
Part of speech in Proto-Italic grammar
as the subjunctive, whereas the original Proto-Indo-European subjunctive paradigm gave rise to the standard Latin future. If the PIE subjunctive is reconstructed
Proto-Italic_verbs
How verbs are conjugated in Italian
clauses of the present (il presente) to express possibility, opinion, desire, or doubt. The subjunctive is formed: for regular verbs in -are, by taking
Italian_conjugation
Tense used in the Latin language
'perhaps', the present subjunctive can mean 'may' or 'could', expressing a possibility. The first example below uses the present subjunctive, and the second
Latin_tenses
Linguistic modality that encourages or discourages an action
politely discouraged) That construction consists of might (a modal of possibility) + not (the negative marker) + want (a volitive lexical modal). Forms
Hortative
Parts of speech in French grammar
eight simple tense–aspect–mood forms, categorized into the indicative, subjunctive and imperative moods, with the conditional mood sometimes viewed as an
French_verbs
Grammatical system of a language that covers the expression of tense, aspect, and mood
is seldom used. The non-past subjunctive form expresses a wish or command; the past subjunctive form expresses possibility. The indicative mood form is
Tense–aspect–mood
Grammatical mood
is a superset of the cohortative mood and is closely related to the subjunctive mood but is distinct from the desiderative mood. English has no morphological
Optative_mood
Topics referred to by the same term
true, given what we know Subjunctive impossibility, types of statement that cannot be true based on various types of subjunctive modality Logical impossibility
Impossibility
Grammatical mood
This is especially so among Algonquian languages such as Blackfoot. The subjunctive mood, sometimes called conjunctive mood, has several uses in dependent
Irrealis_mood
Speech expressing things other people have said without quoting
the same. The idea of possibility is often expressed by periphrases: by -urus sim, essem, fuerim, fuissem and by a subjunctive tense of possum + present
Indirect_speech
Ancestor of the Celtic languages
"to be, exist" (subjunctive *bweti), *klinutor "to hear" (subjunctive *klowetor), and possibly *ɸalnati “to approach, drive” (subjunctive *ɸeleti). Primary
Proto-Celtic_language
Shared linguistic features in southeastern Europe
with the other languages (loss of dative, replacement of infinitive by subjunctive constructions, object clitics, formation of future with auxiliary verb
Balkan_sprachbund
Verbs in the Persian language
represents an idea rather than a statement of fact, or a wish or a possibility, the subjunctive is used: heyf ast ke barf nabāšad 'it's a pity that there's no
Persian_verbs
Hypothetical situation
emergence, the activity of posing hypothetical questions that employed subjunctive reasoning had existed for a very long time for both scientists and philosophers
Thought_experiment
Latin Speech
and most subordinate verbs in indirect statements use the subjunctive mood. Subjunctive mood tenses are divided into two groups, primary (present and
Latin_indirect_speech
Grammar of the Portuguese language
there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive)
Portuguese_grammar
Russian philosopher (1870–1965)
Subjective idealism Objective idealism Philosophers' ship Panpsychism Subjunctive possibility Phenomenology Voluntarism Gestalt psychology Cognitive psychology
Nikolay_Lossky
Grammatical mood
takes past subjunctive form: hätte/st/t/n (in the case of haben) or wäre/st/t/n (in the case of sein). Ich hätte gesungen ("I had [subjunctive] sung", i
Conditional_mood
Latin adverbial clause of time
conjunction is cum, it is in the subjunctive. But if the clause is part of indirect speech, the verb is nearly always in the subjunctive mood. The conjunctions
Temporal_clause_(Latin)
Class of Ancient Greek verbs
expresses a wish or possibility. In dependent clauses (temporal, conditional, etc.), the time (past, present, or future) of an aorist subjunctive, optative, or
Aorist_(Ancient_Greek)
Grammar of the Spanish language
exist. In the third, possibility is not certainty, but rather a conjecture, and the last expresses clear doubt. Thus, subjunctive is used. Some of the
Spanish_grammar
Extinct Italic language of central Italy
either the Proto-Italic subjunctive or optative for their subjunctive forms respectively, although the Umbrian perfect subjunctive forms derive from the
Umbrian_language
Conditional clauses spoken in Latin
some general conditions the subjunctive mood is used in the protasis. Ideal and unreal conditionals use the subjunctive in the protasis, and usually
Latin_conditional_clauses
imperfect subjunctive vellem is used to wish for something that cannot now come true, while the present subjunctive velim leaves open the possibility that
Latin_tenses_with_modality
Latin grammatical verb inflections
also found. The present subjunctive edim, edīs, edit etc. is found mostly in early Latin. In writing, there is a possibility of confusion between the
Latin_conjugation
Grammatical form
forms a finite verb: like a present indicative ("I sit every day"), subjunctive ("I suggest that he sit"), or imperative ("Sit down!"). (For some irregular
Infinitive
2025 book by Sarah Ensor
the Pointed Firs. "Grammars of the Unrealized: Lost Causes and Subjunctive Possibilities in Willa Cather", which looks to the work of American writer Willa
Queer_Lasting
climb), which has several uses—as an infinitive, imperative, present subjunctive, and present indicative except in the third-person singular The -s form
Uses_of_English_verb_forms
Phenomenon whereby language is used to discuss possible situations
Well-known examples of moods in some European languages are referred to as subjunctive, conditional, and indicative as illustrated below with examples from
Modality_(semantics)
Linguistic comparison
(Portuguese) [imperfect subjunctive] La recepcionista nos pidió que esperáramos/esperásemos. (Spanish) [imperfect subjunctive] 'The receptionist asked
Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish
Comparison_of_Portuguese_and_Spanish
Part of grammar in ancient Greek
and a vivid future ("if it happens"), both having ἐάν (eán) with the subjunctive. Similarly there is no difference between a past general condition ("if
Ancient Greek conditional clauses
Ancient_Greek_conditional_clauses
Ancestor of Latin and other Italic languages
remaining. Loss of the instrumental case. Formation of the subjunctive in imperfect subjunctive in *-sē-. Formation of the imperfect indicative in *-βā-
Proto-Italic_language
Extinct Semitic language of Mesopotamia
Subjunctive, used in dependent clauses, is marked in forms which do not end in a vowel by the suffix -u (compare Arabic and Ugaritic subjunctives) but
Akkadian_language
Grammatical construction
going. In the be + to construction only finite, indicative (or past subjunctive) forms of the copula can appear – that is, the copula used cannot be
Going-to_future
Eastern Iranian language of Ossetia, in the Caucasus
between the uses of the 'present-future' and the 'future' subjunctive (desire, possibility etc.), but a clear contrast between the two is found in conditional
Ossetian_language
Grammatical features of Chichewa
you could get here quickly." Another possibility is to use ndítátí (lit. "if I were to say") with the subjunctive: Mútátí mumuóne mkáziyo, múkhoza kudábwa
Chichewa_tenses
Extinct language of southern Italy
perfect), Voice (active, deponent/passive) Mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive) Person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) Number (singular, plural) Present, future and
Oscan_language
Class of auxiliary verbs in English that lack untensed forms
English subjunctive). May have indicates uncertainty about a past circumstance, whereas might have can either have that meaning or refer to possibilities that
English_modal_auxiliary_verbs
Grammar of the Zulu language of Southern Africa
and conjunctions. There are present and past subjunctive forms. Note that the affirmative past subjunctive is identical to the affirmative remote past
Zulu_grammar
Vernacular form of Modern Greek
conjugated forms of the verb έχω (I have). The future tense and the subjunctive and optative moods, and eventually the infinitive, were replaced by the
Demotic_Greek
govern. It is clear that most groups are followed by participial or subjunctive moods, which are precisely the moods often used when forming sequences
Sotho_deficient_verbs
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
kind of advice or exhortation. subjunctive: used to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, obligation
Proto-Indo-European_language
Central German dialect
participle of the full verb. Examples: Erzgebirgisch has a productive subjunctive for most of the auxiliaries and some other frequently used verbs. The
Erzgebirgisch
Grammar of the English language
present subjunctive in certain contexts: It is important that he follow them or ... that he be committed to the cause. There is also a past subjunctive (distinct
English_grammar
Story collection by Geoffrey Chaucer
grammar, and helped to distinguish singular adjectives from plural and subjunctive verbs from indicative. No other work prior to Chaucer's is known to have
The_Canterbury_Tales
The tendency to avoid or misspell the subjunctive can be traced largely to the limited use of the subjunctive in the dialects of southern Italy, areas
Italian_language_in_Canada
West Germanic language
combined use of the subjunctive or preterite marking so the plain indicative voice uses neither of those two markers; the subjunctive by itself often conveys
German_language
Grammar of the Modern Greek language
object pronouns, negation particles, the tense particle θα [θa], and the subjunctive particle να [na]. Likewise, possessive pronouns are enclitic to the nouns
Modern_Greek_grammar
Grammar of the Ancient Greek language
dependent sentences, where the construction allows both the subjunctive and the optative, the subjunctive is used if the leading verb is primary, and the optative
Ancient_Greek_grammar
Stage of development of English, starting late 15th century
otherwise marked for person or number, the loss of thou made the past subjunctive indistinguishable from the indicative past for all verbs except to be
Early_Modern_English
not undergo this change and the subjunctive form is made by simply omitting any tense marker. The negative subjunctive is indicated by adding the syllable
Swahili_grammar
Jain doctrine of many-sidedness
'one might', etc. The subjunctive is very commonly used in Hindi, for example, in 'kya kahun?', 'what to say?'. The subjunctive is also commonly used
Anekantavada
West Germanic language
and the past tense forms could, might, would, should. There are also subjunctive and imperative moods, both based on the plain form of the verb (i.e.
English_language
Language of Sicily and its satellite islands
[would] call her if you [would] give me her number', or ii) the imperfect subjunctive: Cci chiamassi si tu mi dassi lu sò nùmmaru — 'I'd call her if you would
Sicilian_language
second form ("curentur") is subjunctive. The indicative form is found in Paracelsus (16th century), while the subjunctive form is said by Samuel Hahnemann
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Constructed language
verbs are formed with faremi between this particle and the verb. The subjunctive is formed with mire before the pronoun. The negative do only appears
Solresol
1949 dystopian novel by George Orwell
voice of the (or possibly a second) narrator, using counterfactual past-subjunctive tense. It is referred to in a footnote to the book's seventh paragraph
Nineteen_Eighty-Four
Functional part of speech in most languages
forms include art, wast, wert, and occasionally beest (as a subjunctive). The possibility of copula omission is mentioned under § Zero copula. A particular
Copula_(linguistics)
Southwestern Iranian language
me up!' The subjunctive forms for persons other than the third occur in Manichaean Middle Persian, but not in Book Pahlavi. The subjunctive may express
Middle_Persian
Austronesian language
Tengger dialect which does not use different affixes for verbs with subjunctive and imperative moods (although the standard dialect also does not distinguish
Javanese_language
2009 book by David Eagleman
from agnosticism in that it consists of an active exploration of novel possibilities and an emphasis on holding multiple hypotheses at once when no data
Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives
Sum:_Forty_Tales_from_the_Afterlives
Investigation of the nature of philosophy
instances of our cognitive faculties processing counterfactuals (or subjunctive conditionals) that are specific to the thought experiment or example
Metaphilosophy
1986 novel by Günter Grass
"mankind") have indeed learned "the virtue to eat with spoons, diligently the subjunctive and practice tolerance", all enlightenment but not their tendency to
The_Rat_(novel)
Study of how language influences thought
For instance, a study showing that speakers of languages lacking a subjunctive mood such as Chinese experience difficulty with hypothetical problems
Language_and_thought
Grammatical category indicating truth or falsehood
is no auxiliary in the original sentence). Different rules apply in subjunctive, imperative and non-finite clauses. For more details see English grammar
Affirmation_and_negation
Words
very), which makes such tests inconclusive; you can't rule out the possibility that a word is an adverb simply because a word spelled that way can be
English_adverbs
Grammar of the Mingrelian language
(singular/plural) and aorist optative in all other cases. Subjunctive Expresses possibility, wish, desire. The subjunctive mood in Mingrelian is provided by optative
Mingrelian_grammar
Reconstructed ancestor of the Afroasiatic language family
Proto-Afroasiatic might have had: it may have had two basic forms (indicative vs. subjunctive, state vs. action, transitive vs. intransitive, or perfective vs. imperfective)
Proto-Afroasiatic_language
two accentual units, namely compound past tense forms: chodziliśmy, subjunctive forms: musielibyśmy, compound numerals: osiemset, and compound nouns
History of the Polish language
History_of_the_Polish_language
Grammatical construction common in English
which is the finite auxiliary verb. Auxiliary verb Discontinuity English subjunctive Inverse copular constructions Inversion Negative inversion Subject–verb
Subject–auxiliary_inversion
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
narrative Perfect, Waw Consecutive Subjunctive: takes the וְ prefix as a conjunction to continue the Subjunctive Mood in a narrative sequence Perfect
Biblical_Hebrew
Latest common predecessor of all forms of the Romani language
language used the finite subjunctive introduced by the complementiser particle te (which could also mean 'if'), and the subjunctive agreed with it in person
Early_Romani
System for writing in Spanish
be not accented except in the case of ambiguity and also extended the possibility of accentuating to other similar words such as otro, algunos, pocos,
Spanish_orthography
Northwest Caucasian language of Abkhazia
Was Founded in 1918, Its Founding Fathers Actually Took Care of the Possibility of Studying Abkhazian and Ossetian Languages at the University from the
Abkhaz_language
Preserved chant of the Arval priests of ancient Rome
second-person singular present active subjunctive form sinas ("to let, permit"), whereas Allen allows for the additional possibility that the term may represent
Carmen_Arvale
Concept in psychology
such as Aristotle and Plato who pondered the epistemological status of subjunctive suppositions and their nonexistent but feasible outcomes. In the seventeenth
Counterfactual_thinking
Arabic variety spoken in Egypt
is formed from the subjunctive by the addition of bi- (bi-a- is elided to ba-). Similarly, the future is formed from the subjunctive by the addition of
Egyptian_Arabic
Extinct East Germanic language
(derived from a former perfect); three grammatical moods: indicative, subjunctive (from an old optative form) and imperative as well as three kinds of
Gothic_language
1963 play written by Rolf Hochhuth
mortis meae voca me'" (Latin, and modally ambiguous: one could read subjunctive :"in the hour of my death may He call unto me" or imperative "in the
The_Deputy
Group of languages of West Africa
Manding dialects) and negative perfect mana (cf. Manding má, máŋ), the subjunctive ma (cf. Manding máa), the copula ti (cf. Bisa ti, Manding de/le), the
Songhay_languages
Ugric language
[ʝ] are only found at the end of words in the second-person singular subjunctive/imperative after a voiceless/voiced consonant, both written "j", as in
Hungarian_language
Extinct branch of Indo-European languages
mediopassive), and two moods (indicative and imperative), lacking the subjunctive and optative moods found in other old IE languages like Tocharian, Sanskrit
Anatolian_languages
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Reaney explains this as a nickname for a person who is difficult to shake off, from Middle English bur(r) ‘bur’ (a seedhead that sticks to clothing). Burre occurs as a surname or byname as early as 1185, but the vocabulary word is not recorded in OED until the 14th century. Another possibility is derivation from Old English būr ‘small dwelling or building’ (modern English bower), but there are phonological difficulties here too.German : perhaps a variant spelling of Bur, or a topographic name from Burr(e) ‘mound’, ‘hill’, or in the south a variant of Burrer.The American political leader Aaron Burr (1756–1836) was the son of a clergyman and academic, president of Princeton University. On his mother’s side he was descended from the Puritan preacher Jonathan Edwards; on his father’s from Jehu Burr, who emigrated from England with John Winthrop to MA in 1630.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Yatharth | யதாரà¯à®¤Â
Proper, Possibility
Yatharth | யதாரà¯à®¤Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Yetharth | யேதாரà¯à®¤Â
Proper, Possibility
Yetharth | யேதாரà¯à®¤Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. It has been suggested that this may be an Anglicized form of French (Huguenot) Via. Another possibility is that it is a reduced form of Devere.William Vier was transported to VA in 1675.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Possible; Born; Manifested; Possibility
Boy/Male
Hindu
Respect, Honour, Possibility
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sambhavan | ஸமபாவந
Respect, Honour, Possibility
Sambhavan | ஸமபாவந
Surname or Lastname
English (Kent)
English (Kent) : habitational name, probably from a lost place, Holmherst in Smarden, Kent; Holnest in Dorset is another possibility. Both are named from Old English holegn ‘holly’ + Old English hyrst ‘wooded hill’.English (Kent) : reduced form of Holderness.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Proper, Possibility
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from an Old French personal name of uncertain etymology. It appears to be a byname meaning ‘steadfast’, ‘enduring’, from the present participle of Old French (de)morer ‘to remain or stay’, but this may be no more than the reworking under the influence of folk etymology of a Germanic personal name. The later may be from the elements mÅd ‘courage’ + hramn ‘raven’. Another possibility is derivation from Latin Maurus + suffix -andus (following the pattern of names formed from a verbal noun, such as Amandus).French : habitational name, a variant of Morand.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Esteem, Possibility, Possibility
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Hartshorne in Derbyshire or Hartshorn in Northumberland, named from Old English heorot ‘hart’, ‘stag’ + horn ‘horn’, i.e. hill with some fancied resemblance to a hart’s horn. Reaney suggests a further possibility: that it could come from the Middle English plant name harteshorn ‘hartshorn’, denoting either of two plants with leaves branched like a stag’s antlers: Senebiera coronopus and Plantago coronopus.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sambhavna | ஸஂபாவநா
Esteem, Possibility, Possibility
Sambhavna | ஸஂபாவநா
Boy/Male
Hindu
Proper, Possibility
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from somewhere in northern England. Ancliffe Hall in Lancashire is a possibility, but Reaney and Wilson derive it from Arncliffe, Arnecliff, or Ingleby Arncliffe, in Yorkshire, all of which are named from Old English earn ‘eagle’ (genitive plural earna) + clif ‘cliff’.
Surname or Lastname
English (West Midlands)
English (West Midlands) : habitational name of uncertain origin: probably from a lost settlement called Buddeley in Tabley Superior, Cheshire. Another possibility is Budleigh in Devon (Bodelie in Domesday Book), named with Old English budda ‘beetle’ (or the same word used as a byname) + lēah ‘woodland clearing’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Possibility
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : in part at least, probably a further Anglicization of the Irish surname Mountcashell, itself an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Maolchaisil (see Cashel 2), which was associated with Ballymulcashell in County Clare. Woulfe says that a registrar in Munster changed the name to Mountcashel c. 1840.English : in England, this name is common in Lincolnshire. While this may well be the result of migration from Ireland, the possibility of a habitational name from an unidentified place should not be ruled out.
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY
SUBJUNCTIVE POSSIBILITY