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Formalism in string theory
String field theory (SFT) is a formalism in string theory in which the dynamics of relativistic strings is reformulated in the language of quantum field
String_field_theory
Theory of subatomic structure
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called
String_theory
Theory of strings with supersymmetry
'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts
Superstring_theory
Framework of superstring theory
relationship of the string theories to a field theory called eleven-dimensional supergravity. Although a complete formulation of M-theory is not known, such
M-theory
Theory in theoretical physics
Witten's earlier work on topological quantum field theory. There are two main versions of topological string theory: the topological A-model and the topological
Topological_string_theory
26-dimensional string theory
Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s. It is so called because it contains only bosons in the spectrum
Bosonic_string_theory
Hypothetical physical entity
In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or
String_(physics)
Set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework
physics, matrix string theory is a set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework. Type IIA string theory can be shown
Matrix_string_theory
Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories
theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT)
AdS/CFT_correspondence
Collection of possible string theory vacua
In string theory, the string theory landscape (or landscape of vacua) is the collection of possible false vacua, together comprising a collective "landscape"
String_theory_landscape
The history of string theory spans several decades of intense research including two superstring revolutions. Through the combined efforts of many researchers
History_of_string_theory
Aspect of theoretical physics
physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for two
Type_II_string_theory
Quantum field theory enjoying conformal symmetry
A conformal field theory (CFT) is a quantum field theory that is invariant under conformal transformations. In two dimensions, there is an infinite-dimensional
Conformal_field_theory
Physics concept of subatomic structure
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two
Heterotic_string_theory
string theory Type IIB string theory Heterotic string N=2 superstring M-theory Matrix theory Introduction to M-theory F-theory String field theory Matrix
List_of_string_theory_topics
In physics and geometry: conjectured relation between pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds
fundamental tool for doing calculations in string theory, and it has been used to understand aspects of quantum field theory, the formalism that physicists use
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory)
Aspect of theoretical physics
Twistor string theory is an equivalence between N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory and the perturbative topological B model string theory in twistor
Twistor_string_theory
Field theory involving topological effects in physics
In gauge theory and mathematical physics, a topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory that computes
Topological quantum field theory
Topological_quantum_field_theory
Theoretical framework in physics
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics. QFT
Quantum_field_theory
Branch of string theory
String cosmology is a relatively new field that tries to apply equations of string theory to solve the questions of early cosmology. A related area of
String_cosmology
Hypothetical physical concept
a type of string that vibrates one way, while the up quark is a type of string vibrating another way, and so forth). String theory/M-theory proposes six
Theory_of_everything
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
string theory. One reason that physicists explored supersymmetry is because it offers an extension to the more familiar symmetries of quantum field theory
Supersymmetry
Aspect of theoretical physics
In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions. It is the only one whose strings
Type_I_string_theory
Topological quantum field theory
The Chern–Simons theory is a 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type. It was discovered first by mathematical physicist Albert Schwarz
Chern–Simons_theory
Quantum mechanical model based on mathematical matrices
considered the worldvolume theory of a large number of D0-branes in Type IIA string theory. In geometry, it is often useful to introduce coordinates. For example
Matrix_theory_(physics)
This page is a glossary of terms in string theory, including related areas such as supergravity, supersymmetry, and high energy physics. Contents: Conventions
Glossary_of_string_theory
Compare and contrast article
field theory are explained, or get further insight, in string theory. Emission and absorption: one of the most basic building blocks of quantum field
Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory
Relationship_between_string_theory_and_quantum_field_theory
Application of K-theory in string theory
In string theory, K-theory classification refers to a conjectured application of K-theory (in abstract algebra and algebraic topology) to superstrings
K-theory_(physics)
American theoretical physicist
theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor
Edward_Witten
Extended physical object in string theory
Physicists often study fields analogous to the electromagnetic field, which live on the worldvolume of a brane. In string theory, a string may be open (forming
Brane
Compact astronomical body
on string theory, states that black holes are actually made up of quantum microstates and need not have a singularity or an event horizon. The theory of
Black_hole
Description of gravity using discrete values
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks unification of the theory of gravity with the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals
Quantum_gravity
American theoretical physicist (born 1940)
Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology. He
Leonard_Susskind
Equivalence of two physical theories
duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. S-duality is useful for doing calculations
S-duality
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces of nature, including gravity, and all elementary
Unified_field_theory
Theory proposed by Roger Penrose
representation theory, and in physics to general relativity, quantum field theory, and the theory of scattering amplitudes. Twistor theory arose in the
Twistor_theory
Nambu-Goto action Bosonic string theory Kondo model (s-d model) Minimal model (Virasoro minimal model) String theory Conformal field theory Supersymmetry Topological
List of quantum field theories
List_of_quantum_field_theories
Field with an imaginary mass
and the tachyon of bosonic string theory. In quantum field theory, a tachyon is a quantum of a field—usually a scalar field—whose squared mass is negative
Tachyonic_field
Process in particle physics
The total energy carried by these tachyons has been calculated in string field theory; it agrees with the total energy of the D-branes, and all other tests
Tachyon_condensation
Modern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and
Supergravity
Principle in theoretical physics
The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of
Holographic_principle
Unified field theory
In physics, Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is an attempt at creating a unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism based on the idea of
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Quantum description of black holes
advanced as the ultimate building blocks of matter and light. Under string theory, strings are bundles of energy vibrating in complex ways in both the
Fuzzball_(string_theory)
Low energy theories not compatible with string theory
Swampland is in fact much larger than the string theory landscape. Quantum gravity differs from quantum field theory in several key ways, including locality
Swampland_(physics)
Unobservable spacetime curves needed to describe Dirac monopoles
In physics, a Dirac string is a one-dimensional curve in space, conceived of by the physicist Paul Dirac, stretching between two hypothetical Dirac monopoles
Dirac_string
Candidate "Theory of Everything"
the 1980s, a new mathematical model of theoretical physics, called string theory, emerged. It showed how all the different subatomic particles known
Introduction_to_M-theory
Precursor physical model to string theory and quantum chromodynamics
field theory. But in the guise of string theory, S-matrix theory is still a popular approach to the problem of quantum gravity. The S-matrix theory is
S-matrix_theory
Branch of string theory
theoretical physics, F-theory is a branch of string theory developed by Iranian-American physicist Cumrun Vafa. The new vacua described by F-theory were discovered
F-theory
Two-form field
general and string theory in particular, the Kalb–Ramond field (named after Michael Kalb and Pierre Ramond), also known as the Kalb–Ramond B-field or Kalb–Ramond
Kalb–Ramond_field
Speculative feature of the early universe
prediction in both quantum field theory and string theory models of the early universe. The prototypical example of a field theory with cosmic strings is
Cosmic_string
Hypothetical faster-than-light particle
theories of superconductivity. Another example of a tachyonic field is the tachyon of bosonic string theory. Tachyons are predicted by bosonic string
Tachyon
Theory in physics
non-critical string theory describes the relativistic string without enforcing the critical dimension. Although this allows the construction of a string theory in
Non-critical_string_theory
Mathematical concept
conformal field theory defined on the worldsheet. For example, the bosonic string in 26 dimensions has a worldsheet conformal field theory consisting
Worldsheet
Two-dimensional conformal field theory
In physics, Liouville field theory (or simply Liouville theory) is a two-dimensional conformal field theory whose classical equation of motion is a generalization
Liouville_field_theory
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. The central idea is that
Brane_cosmology
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
field theory of gravitons due to the unsolved mathematical problem of renormalization in general relativity. This problem is avoided in string theory
Graviton
Theoretical (d–1)-dimensional singularity
In string theory, a domain wall is a theoretical (d−1)-dimensional singularity. A domain wall is meant to represent an object of codimension one embedded
Domain_wall_(string_theory)
248-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
physics and especially in string theory and supergravity. E8×E8 is the gauge group of one of the two types of heterotic string and is one of two anomaly-free
E8_(mathematics)
Concept of universality in physical science
meaning is. One attempt to formulate string theory in a manifestly background-independent fashion is string field theory, but little progress has been made
Background_independence
American theoretical physicist, futurist and author
papers describing string theory in a field form. Kaku is the author of several textbooks on string theory and quantum field theory. An explicit description
Michio_Kaku
Type of 2D conformal field theory
Wess–Zumino–Novikov–Witten model, is a type of two-dimensional conformal field theory named after Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino, Sergei Novikov and Edward Witten
Wess–Zumino–Witten_model
Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian, and hence the dynamics of the system itself, does not change under local
Gauge_theory
Field theory linked to string theory
Double field theory in theoretical physics refers to formalisms that capture the T-duality property of string theory as a manifest symmetry of a field theory
Double_field_theory
Seven-dimensional Riemannian manifold
manifolds are important in string theory. They break the original supersymmetry to 1/8 of the original amount. For example, M-theory compactified on a G 2
G2_manifold
Extended objects found in string theory
In string theory, D-branes, short for Dirichlet membrane, are a class of extended objects upon which open strings can end with Dirichlet boundary conditions
D-brane
German physicist
on string theory, gauge theory and integrable models. He has published over 200 research papers on mathematical physics, classical and quantum field theory
Olaf_Lechtenfeld
Type of approximation to an underlying physical theory
effective field theory is a type of approximation, or effective theory, for an underlying physical theory, such as a quantum field theory or a statistical
Effective_field_theory
Argentine physicist (born 1968)
of string theory and quantum gravity. His most famous discovery is the AdS/CFT correspondence, a realization of the holographic principle in string theory
Juan_Maldacena
Class of symmetries in string theory
String duality is a class of symmetries in physics that link different string theories, theories which assume that the fundamental building blocks of the
String_duality
Physical quantities taking values at each point in space and time
interacting vector fields at each point in spacetime, or as a single rank-2 tensor field. In the modern framework of the quantum field theory, even without
Field_(physics)
Generalized manifold
interpretation. A quantum field theory defined on an orbifold becomes singular near the fixed points of G. However string theory requires us to add new parts
Orbifold
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive
Higgs_boson
The Type 0 string theory is a less well-known model of string theory. It is a superstring theory in the sense that the worldsheet theory is supersymmetric
Type_0_string_theory
Solitons in Euclidean spacetime
mechanics or in quantum field theory. More precisely, it is a solution to the equations of motion of the classical field theory on a Euclidean spacetime
Instanton
Peruvian theoretical physicist (b. 1954)
one of the world's leading experts in string field theory. He wrote the textbook A First Course in String Theory (2004, ISBN 0-521-83143-1), meant for
Barton_Zwiebach
Indian physicist (born 1956)
tachyons has been influential in string cosmology. He has also co-authored many important papers on string field theory. In 1998, he won the fellowship
Ashoke_Sen
Superconformal Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills (SYM) theory is a relativistic conformally invariant Lagrangian gauge theory describing the interactions of fermions via gauge field exchanges. In
N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
N_=_4_supersymmetric_Yang–Mills_theory
Riemannian manifold with SU(n) holonomy
Bibcode:2004math.....10260C Greene, Brian (1997), String theory on Calabi–Yau manifolds, Fields, strings and duality (Boulder, CO, 1996), River Edge
Calabi–Yau_manifold
Model of nonlinear electrodynamics
)^{2}}{b^{4}}}}}+b^{2},} where E is the electric field, and B is the magnetic field. In string theory, gauge fields on a D-brane (that arise from attached open
Born–Infeld_model
Ten-dimensional supergravity
supergravity plays a very important role in string theory as it is the low-energy limit of type IIA string theory. After supergravity was discovered in 1976
Type_IIA_supergravity
1016/0370-2693(89)91587-6. Kroyter, Michael (2009-08-12). "On string fields and superstring field theories". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2009 (08): 044–044
Picture_(string_theory)
American quantum physicist
theoretical physicist specializing in supersymmetric quantum field theory and string theory. He was a professor at the C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical
Warren_Siegel
Type of geometry in mathematics
Schwarzschild, K. (2003). "On the gravitational field of a mass point according to Einstein's theory". General Relativity and Gravitation. 35 (5). Translated
Ricci-flat_manifold
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
required in string theory. Loop quantum gravity, like string theory, also aims to overcome the nonrenormalizable divergences of quantum field theories. LQG does
Loop_quantum_gravity
Simple Lie group; the automorphism group of the octonions
2307/1971360, JSTOR 1971360 Dickson, Leonard Eugene (1901), "Theory of Linear Groups in An Arbitrary Field", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
G2_(mathematics)
Correspondence between de Sitter space and conformal field theory
In string theory, the de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, shortened to dS/CFT correspondence, is a de Sitter space analogue of the anti-de
DS/CFT_correspondence
British supersymmetry scientist
1016/0370-2693(86)90962-7. Neveu, A.; West, P. (1987). "String Lengths in Covariant String Field Theory and OSp(26,2/2)". Nuclear Physics B. 293: 266–292. Bibcode:1987NuPhB
Peter_West_(physicist)
Secondary characteristic classes of 3-manifolds
Schwarz formulated Chern–Simons theory, early topological quantum field theory, using Chern-Simons forms. In the gauge theory, the integral of Chern-Simons
Chern–Simons_form
52-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
Type IIB string Heterotic string N=2 superstring F-theory String field theory Matrix string theory Non-critical string theory Non-linear sigma model Tachyon
F4_(mathematics)
Reformulation of supergravity
In physics, exceptional field theory is a reformulation or an extension of eleven-dimensional supergravity in which exceptional Lie group symmetries are
Exceptional_field_theory
Predicted field theory in physics
six-dimensional (2,0)-superconformal field theory is a quantum field theory whose existence is predicted by arguments in string theory. It is still poorly understood
6D (2,0) superconformal field theory
6D_(2,0)_superconformal_field_theory
which are the classical limits of type II string theory. The ranks of the fields depend on which type II theory is considered. As Joseph Polchinski argued
Ramond–Ramond_field
Breakdown of conformal symmetry at the quantum level
phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory. In quantum field theory when we set Planck constant ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } to zero
Conformal_anomaly
Type of Riemannian manifold
hyperkähler manifolds arise as moduli spaces of solutions to certain gauge theory equations which arise from the dimensional reduction of the anti-self dual
Hyperkähler_manifold
Geometric space whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind
of scalar fields, or to the moduli space of possible string backgrounds. Moduli spaces also appear in physics in topological field theory, where one
Moduli_space
Comprehensive physical model
of SO(10). In some forms of string theory, including E8 × E8 heterotic string theory, the resultant four-dimensional theory after spontaneous compactification
Grand_Unified_Theory
Asymmetry of classical and quantum action
1103/PhysRevD.41.715. PMID 10012386. Conlon, Joseph (2016-08-19). Why String Theory? (1 ed.). CRC Press. p. 81. doi:10.1201/9781315272368. ISBN 978-1-315-27236-8
Anomaly_(physics)
Spanish theoretical physicist (born 1955)
including string perturbation theory at higher orders, quantum field theories on Riemann surfaces, quantum groups, as well as dualities in string theory and
Luis_Álvarez-Gaumé
Algebra used in 2D conformal field theories and string theory
structure that plays an important role in two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory. In addition to physical applications, vertex operator algebras
Vertex_operator_algebra
the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major
History of quantum field theory
History_of_quantum_field_theory
STRING FIELD-THEORY
STRING FIELD-THEORY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
A Field
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spring.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Field.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Female
English
English variant spelling of Latin Serena, SERINA means "serene, tranquil."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Serena, SARINA means "serene, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived on land which had been cleared of forest, but not brought into cultivation, from Old English feld ‘pasture’, ‘open country’, as opposed on the one hand to æcer ‘cultivated soil’, ‘enclosed land’ (see Acker) and on the other to weald ‘wooded land’, ‘forest’ (see Wald).Possibly also Scottish or Irish : reduced form of McField (see McPhail).Jewish (American) : Americanized and shortened form of any of the many Jewish surnames containing Feld.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English feldes, plural or possessive of feld ‘open country’. This name is also found as a translation of equivalent names in other languages, in particular French Deschamps, Duchamp.
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Romanian Sorin, SORINA means "sun."
Boy/Male
English
In the field.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
STRING FIELD-THEORY
STRING FIELD-THEORY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Good Human Being
Boy/Male
Tamil
Coincidence
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love of Battlefield
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Fully Decorated; Poetic
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Ioseph, JOOSEPPI means "(God) shall add (another son)."Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Girl/Female
Indian
A God like saint. Devarshee was used for naradmuni because he was the son of Brahma and was the saint of Vishnu Bhagwan, Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Forgiver
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Aileen, ALINE means "little Eve." Compare with another form of Aline.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Robert. This surname is very frequent in Wales and west central England. It is also occasionally borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of a like-sounding Jewish surname.
STRING FIELD-THEORY
STRING FIELD-THEORY
STRING FIELD-THEORY
STRING FIELD-THEORY
STRING FIELD-THEORY
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
adv.
To, in, or on the field.
p. p.
of String
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
v. i.
To stand out in the field, ready to catch, stop, or throw the ball.
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
v. t.
To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage.
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
v. i.
To take the field.
a.
Open, like a field.
imp.
of String
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
a.
Strong.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.