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Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
The syntax of the SQL programming language is defined and maintained by ISO/IEC SC 32 as part of ISO/IEC 9075. This standard is not freely available.
SQL_syntax
Relational database programming language
2023. SQL implementations are incompatible between vendors and do not necessarily completely follow standards. In particular, date and time syntax, string
SQL
Syntax for defining data structures
In the context of SQL, data definition or data description language (DDL) is a syntax for creating and modifying database objects such as tables, indices
Data_definition_language
2011 edition of the SQL standard
SQL:2011 or ISO/IEC 9075:2011 (under the general title "Information technology – Database languages – SQL") is the seventh revision of the ISO (1987)
SQL:2011
Serverless relational database management system
languages have bindings to the SQLite library. It generally follows PostgreSQL syntax, but does not enforce type checking by default. This means that one can
SQLite
Computer hacking technique
In computing, SQL injection is a code injection technique used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into
SQL_injection
SQL statement
UPDATE Syntax MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual: 11.2.6 REPLACE Syntax "MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual :: 13.2.5 INSERT Syntax". Retrieved 29 October 2013. "SQL As Understood
Merge_(SQL)
SQL statement that returns a result set of rows from one or more tables
2023). "Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions". MySQL. "SQL SELECT Syntax". "Transact-SQL Reference". SQL Server Language Reference. SQL Server 2005 Books
Select_(SQL)
Procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database
PL/SQL (Procedural Language for SQL) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database. PL/SQL is available in Oracle
PL/SQL
Free and open-source object relational database management system
database management system (RDBMS) emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. PostgreSQL features transactions with atomicity, consistency, isolation,
PostgreSQL
Computer bug exploit caused by invalid data
refer. This is used in the C programming language. An SQL injection attack takes advantage of SQL syntax to inject malicious commands that can read or modify
Code_injection
reserved. SQL SQL syntax List of relational database management systems Page listing all reserved words in the SQL standard, from SQL-92 to SQL:2016: Standard
List_of_SQL_reserved_words
SQL standard
minimum for what a database engine should fulfill in terms of SQL syntax, which is called Core SQL. The standard also defines a number of optional features
ISO/IEC_9075
SQL database engine software
"CREATE TRIGGER Syntax". MySQL. Retrieved 11 April 2015. "MySQL Bugs: #12654: 64-bit unix timestamp is not supported in MySQL functions". MySQL. 18 August
MySQL
Patterns used in computer programming
will also apply in them. The SQL LIKE operator has an equivalent to ? and * but not […]. Standard SQL uses a glob-like syntax for simple string matching
Glob_(programming)
Database design graphical tool
MySQL Workbench is a visual database design tool that integrates SQL development, administration, database design, creation and maintenance into a single
MySQL_Workbench
SQL clause
A join clause in the Structured Query Language (SQL) combines columns from one or more tables into a new table. The operation corresponds to a join operation
Join_(SQL)
Database manager part of the Microsoft 365 package
linked tables or Jet. Users construct the pass-through queries using the SQL syntax supported by the external data source. When developing reports (in "Design
Microsoft_Access
Relational model database server
produced a linear-syntax language that drove transactions to its relational database. Later, the QMF feature of DB2 produced real SQL, and brought the
IBM_Db2
Relational database management system
in SQL. The DML syntax at first glance may appear to be similar to SQLs syntax, but because of D4's closer ties to relational algebra, the syntax has
Dataphor
Database administration tool
driver. It provides an editor that offers code completion and syntax highlighting for standard SQL. It also provides a plugin architecture that allows plugin
SQuirreL_SQL_Client
Tool for managing content in databases
Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese) SQL syntax highlighting Visual database/E-R schema editing Countermeasures against XSS, CSRF, SQL injection, session-stealing
Adminer
The history of Microsoft SQL Server begins with the first Microsoft SQL Server database product – SQL Server v1.0, a 16-bit relational database for the
History of Microsoft SQL Server
History_of_Microsoft_SQL_Server
Function over multiple rows in SQL
mysql.com. Retrieved 2022-11-21. "MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 12.21.2 Window Function Concepts and Syntax". dev.mysql.com. "MariaDB 10.2.0 Release
Window_function_(SQL)
Database feature
efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes
Prepared_statement
A hierarchical query is a type of SQL query that handles hierarchical model data. These are useful for working with databases of graph-structured data
Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL
Hierarchical_and_recursive_queries_in_SQL
Feature of SQL
An alias is a feature of SQL that is supported by most, if not all, relational database management systems (RDBMSs). Aliases provide users with the ability
Alias_(SQL)
Query language for property graphs
16 of the SQL Standard, which allows a read-only graph query to be called inside a SQL SELECT statement, matching a graph pattern using syntax which is
Graph_Query_Language
Free SQL IDE from Oracle Corporation
Oracle SQL Developer supports automatic tabs, code insight, bracket matching and syntax coloring for PL/SQL. Future versions of Oracle SQL Developer
Oracle_SQL_Developer
Programming language
is statically typed and compiled. It is known for the simplicity of its syntax and the efficiency of development that it enables through the inclusion
Go_(programming_language)
Java-based database engine
SQL Database) is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92, SQL:2008, SQL:2011
HSQLDB
SQL statement
databases also support alternative syntax for this; for example, MySQL allows omitting the DEFAULT keyword, and T-SQL can use DEFAULT VALUES instead of
Insert_(SQL)
Fourth generation programming language
procedural, business-oriented syntax designed for rapid development of database applications. The language integrates SQL statements directly into program
Informix-4GL
Formalism to describe programming languages
also known as Backus normal form, is a notation system for defining the syntax of programming languages and other formal languages, developed by John Backus
Backus–Naur_form
Proprietary database management system
warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle AI Database uses SQL for database updating and retrieval. Oracle Database runs on-premises, on
Oracle_Database
Structured Query Language queries. SRDE parses SQL queries and sends them to the MKDE to run. The SRDE implements SQL-92. Significant other features include relational
Actian_Zen
SQL extension
Features P001-P008. SQL/PSM standardizes syntax and semantics for control flow, exception handling (called "condition handling" in SQL/PSM), local variables
SQL/PSM
Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
In the SQL database query language, null or NULL is a special marker used to indicate that a data value does not exist in the database. Introduced by
Null_(SQL)
Object database for Java
Language (JDOQL), which is based on Java syntax, and the JPA Query Language (JPQL), which is based on SQL syntax. JPA 2 criteria queries are also supported
ObjectDB
Multi-platform database administration software
For other databases (NoSQL) it uses proprietary database drivers. It provides an editor that supports code completion and syntax highlighting. It provides
DBeaver
Type of computer program
categories of NoSQL databases, and the popularity of the term "document-oriented database" has grown alongside the adoption of NoSQL itself. XML databases
Document-oriented_database
Programming language
descriptive statistics, tables, results, charts and plots. PROC SQL can be used to work with SQL syntax within SAS. Users can input both numeric and character
SAS_language
Visual description of context-free grammar
syntax diagrams Generator from EBNF From EBNF to a postscript file with the diagrams EBNF Parser & Renderer SQLite syntax diagram generator for SQL Online
Syntax_diagram
for use in selecting a pseudo column such as SYSDATE or USER. Oracle's SQL syntax requires the FROM clause but some queries don't require any tables - DUAL
DUAL_table
Digital database whose organization is based on the relational model of data
procedures on SQL RDBMS's often allow developers to take advantage of procedural extensions (often vendor-specific) to the standard declarative SQL syntax. Stored
Relational_database
LDRA Testbed PMD RIPS Semgrep SourceMeter Understand ESLint – JavaScript syntax checker and formatter. Google's Closure Compiler – JavaScript optimizer
List of tools for static code analysis
List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis
Scripting language created in 1994
$exec_result Mozilla--> Hey, you are using Netscape!<p> <!--endif--> <!--sql database select * from table where user='$username'--> <!--ifless $numentries
PHP
SQL relational database management system
The X100 engine was integrated with Ingres SQL front-end, allowing the database to use the Ingres SQL syntax, and Ingres set of client and database administration
Actian_Vector
Database code that executes after certain events on a table
"MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual" (PDF). 2016-05-11. "MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 25.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples". "Autonomous transactions". www
Database_trigger
Microsoft .NET Framework component
features and syntax. Naive LINQ implementation patterns can lead to a catastrophic degradation of performance. LINQ to XML and LINQ to SQL performance
Language_Integrated_Query
Data having only values "true" or "false"
In SQL, which uses a three-valued logic for explicit comparisons because of its special treatment of Nulls, the Boolean data type (introduced in SQL:1999)
Boolean_data_type
High-level programming language
JavaScript APIs for I/O. Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name and syntax, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design. The first
JavaScript
Instruction set which governs access to a database
Transact-SQL (T-SQL), which is an extension of SQL. Similarly, Oracle uses PL-SQL, which an Oracle-specific SQL extension. However, the standard SQL commands
Data_control_language
Data-interchange format
added support for native JSON data types, such as JSONB in PostgreSQL and JSON in MySQL. This allows developers to insert JSON data directly without having
JSON
columns are defined of SQL:2003 as Generated Column, and are only implemented by some DBMSs, like MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite and Firebird
Virtual_column
Text in computer source code that is generally ignored by a compiler/interpreter
of SQL, the curly brace language block comment (/**/) is supported. Variants include: Transact-SQL, MySQL, SQLite, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. MySQL also
Comment (computer programming)
Comment_(computer_programming)
Relational model database server
began to sell this product as Microsoft SQL Server. MS SQL Server and Sybase SQL Server share many features and syntax peculiarities. Bob Epstein left Britton
Adaptive_Server_Enterprise
Relational database management system
relational embedded database-engine, supporting JDBC and SQL as programming APIs. It uses IBM Db2 SQL syntax. The Derby network server increases the reach of
Apache_Derby
Relational databases concept
defined in the ISO SQL Standard, through the PRIMARY KEY constraint. The syntax to add such a constraint to an existing table is defined in SQL:2003 like this:
Primary_key
Online Analytical Processing product
including the reporting system, business rules, OLAP data, SQL data (using the Embedded SQL syntax within the hosting HL), device properties, analysis, forecasting
Holos_(software)
Procedural language for SQL
querying commands of SQL. It is a subset of the SQL Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM) language standard. As of DB2 version 9, SQL PL stored procedures
SQL_PL
Structured Query Language standard
LucidDB has support for SQL/MED. MariaDB has support for SQL/MED with the CONNECT storage engine. The implementation uses different syntax than the official
SQL/MED
Programming language for manipulating data
detailed syntax, data types, expressions etc., but distinct in their overall function. The SQL-data change statements are a subset of the SQL-data statements;
Data_manipulation_language
Business application development language
as a fourth-generation programming language, it utilizes an English-like syntax to simplify software development. The language was called PROGRESS or Progress
OpenEdge Advanced Business Language
OpenEdge_Advanced_Business_Language
Programming language
g. by method signature or database table structure. This syntax is also possible in OpenSQL statements: SELECT * FROM ekko into @DATA(lt_ekko) WHERE ebeln
ABAP
Autocompletion feature in IDEs
products, Visual Studio Code and many others. SQL Server 2008 Management Studio has autocomplete for the SQL syntax. The Eclipse IDE has code completion tools
Code_completion
Computer programming method
Embedded SQL is a method of combining the computing power of a programming language and the database manipulation capabilities of SQL. Embedded SQL statements
Embedded_SQL
Fourth-generation programming language from Sperry Univac
one machine may be started over the network. SQL data retrieval commands can be issued with full SQL syntax on external databases, and the results used
MAPPER
Computer language specialized to a specific set of requirements or function
"Core" an SQL eDSL in Python, JOOQ Object Oriented Querying (jOOQ) an SQL eDSL in Java, Language Integrated Query's (LINQ) "method syntax" an SQL eDSL in
Domain-specific_language
Expression language for XML documents
simply as "an XPath". Originally motivated by a desire to provide a common syntax and behavior model between XPointer and XSLT, subsets of the XPath query
XPath
SQL/OLB, or Object Language Bindings, is a standard for embedding SQL in Java, commonly known by its prior name as SQLJ (part 0). Besides describing the
SQL/OLB
Query language in computer science
completeness in replicating SQL, but simplicity and intuitiveness. HTSQL allows users who are familiar with the data, but not SQL syntax, to directly access the
HTSQL
Declarative graph query language
graph query languages AgensGraph, a PostgreSQL based multi-model Graph database which support cypher syntax "Cypher Introduction". Neo4j. Retrieved 2019-11-08
Cypher_(query_language)
Database migration tool
Baseline, and Repair. Migrations can be written in SQL (database-specific syntax such as PL/SQL, T-SQL, etc is supported) or Java (for advanced data transformations
Flyway_(software)
Language construct that specifies how a compiler should process its input
PL/SQL has a PRAGMA keyword with the following syntax: PRAGMA instruction_to_compiler; [...] PL/SQL offers several pragmas [...] Steele, Guy L. (1990)
Directive_(programming)
Software application used to develop software
language keywords and the syntax errors with visually distinct colors and font effects. Continual syntax checking Code syntax can be continuously validated
Integrated development environment
Integrated_development_environment
Open-source SQL query engine
role-based authorization with Apache Ranger Uses metadata, ODBC driver, and SQL syntax from Apache Hive. In early 2013, a column-oriented file format called
Apache_Impala
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
character. Relics of this can be found today in the glob syntax for filenames, and in the SQL LIKE operator. Starting in 1997, Philip Hazel developed PCRE
Regular_expression
Database engine
Hive gives an SQL-like interface to query data stored in various databases and file systems that integrate with Hadoop. Traditional SQL queries must be
Apache_Hive
Data serialization format
provided, analogous to SQL foreign keys, SGML/XML IDREFs, etc. Modern Lisp dialects such as Common Lisp and Scheme provide such syntax via datum labels, with
S-expression
In databases, cached query results
has been realised since the 2000 version of SQL Server. Example syntax to create a materialized view in SQL Server: CREATE VIEW MV_MY_VIEW WITH SCHEMABINDING
Materialized_view
Rules defining correctly structured Java programs
The syntax of Java is the set of rules defining how a Java program is written and interpreted. The syntax is mostly derived from C and C++. Unlike C++
Java_syntax
Web development programming language
use garbage collection. SQL syntax templates embedded in the language facilitate the handling of tables. Although the syntax is based on Standard ML the
Ur_(programming_language)
compares the syntax of many notable programming languages. Programming language expressions can be broadly classified into four syntax structures: prefix
Comparison of programming languages (syntax)
Comparison_of_programming_languages_(syntax)
Software library for data analysis
memory model. Although built using Rust, there are Python, Node.js, R, and SQL API interfaces to use Polars. As of September 2025, Polars has over 24 million
Polars_(software)
Function provided by the user of a program or environment
compiling a SQL statement. SQL-data access - tells the database management system whether the function contains no SQL statements (NO SQL), contains SQL statements
User-defined_function
supports multiple databases in a server instance like MySQL. It supports the CREATE SCHEMA syntax as a way to group DDL statements into a single unit creating
Comparison of relational database management systems
Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems
Lightweight programming language
incorporated the data-description syntax of SOL (hence the name Lua: Sol meaning "Sun" in Portuguese, and Lua meaning "Moon"). Lua syntax for control structures
Lua
article: ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One IOC Information Object Class IOS Information Object Set IO Information Object SQL Structured Query Language
Information Object Class (ASN.1)
Information_Object_Class_(ASN.1)
Programming language syntax designed for ease of use
In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express. It makes the
Syntactic_sugar
Features added to Windows Vista
created December 2007". Additionally, Windows Search SQL Syntax, which enables developers to issue SQL clauses and statements for queries is fully supported
Features_new_to_Windows_Vista
under the GNU General Public License. It features a PL/SQL debugger, an SQL worksheet with syntax highlighting, a database browser and a comprehensive set
TOra
Report Program Generator programming language by IBM
column-oriented syntax. The most recent version is RPG IV, which includes a number of modernization features, including free-form syntax. The RPG programming
IBM_RPG
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
text SQL – has only a few keywords and not all the constructs needed for a full programming language – many database management systems extend SQL with
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
Microsoft SQL Server offers hints via the OPTION keyword Query optimizer Query plan MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual: 12.2.9.3 Index Hint Syntax Mike Ault:
Hint_(SQL)
Numerical computing environment and programming language
= 3*sin(x) y = -1.6097 3.0000 A simple array is defined using the colon syntax: initial:increment:terminator. For instance: >> array = 1:2:9 array = 1
MATLAB
Interpreted programming language first released in 1987
SQL queries; thus it is possible to program in multiple languages at the same time (e.g., for generating a Web page using HTML, JavaScript, and SQL in
Perl
Programming language
language, embedded SQL for ANSI-standard SQL access to M's built-in database, procedure and control blocks using C-like brace syntax, procedure-scoped
Caché_ObjectScript
Proprietary programming language
Query Language (SQL). Dot notation, classes and methods in PeopleCode are similar to other object oriented languages, like Java. Object syntax was an important
PeopleCode
Data visualization dashboard for Elasticsearch
(KQL), a simplified syntax for filtering documents by field values. It also supports the older Lucene query syntax and Elasticsearch SQL for users who require
Kibana
SQL SYNTAX
SQL SYNTAX
Surname or Lastname
English (now chiefly northern Ireland)
English (now chiefly northern Ireland) : topographic name for someone who lived by a hazel copse, Old English hæslett (a derivative of hæsel ‘hazel’).English (now chiefly northern Ireland) : habitational name from Hazelhead or Hazlehead in Lancashire and West Yorkshire, derived from Old English hæsel ‘hazel’ + hēafod ‘head’, here in the sense of ‘hill’; also a topographic name of similar etymological origin.
Female
Swiss
, lily.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Probably a variant spelling of Saylor.German : variant of Salmann, an occupational name from Middle High German sal(e)man ‘trustee’, ‘guardian’.
Boy/Male
Latin American Hebrew
Sun.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Hazel Grove in Greater Manchester (recorded in 1690 as Hesselgrove), which is named from Old English hæsel ‘hazel(tree)’ + grÄf ‘grove’.
Female
Spanish
Spanish name derived from the Latin word sol, SOL means "sun." This was a common name for Spanish girls in the Middle Ages. Compare with masculine Sol.
Male
English
 Short form of English Solomon, SOL means "peaceable." Compare with another form of Sol.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Celtic, Latin, Spanish
Saviour; Diminutive of Salvador
Male
Greek
 Short form of Greek SolomÅn, SOL means "peaceable." Compare with another form of Sol.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Catalan : variant of Solell, topographic name from Catalan solell ‘sunny side’, ‘southern slope’, from a derived of sol, ‘sun’. Compare Sol 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Hessay in York, named from Old English hæsel ‘hazel(tree)’ + sǣ ‘marshland’ or ēg ‘island’.
Male
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Salvador, SAL means "savior." Compare with feminine Sal.
Female
English
Short form of English Sally, SAL means "noble lady, princess." Compare with masculine Sal.
Boy/Male
Italian Latin Spanish American
Savior.
Girl/Female
Hebrew English
Princess.
Boy/Male
Latin
Of the forest.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Christian, Hebrew, Irish, Latin, Swedish
Peaceful; Prayed for; Sun
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the name of the god Thor and the word gÃsl "arrow, shaft," hence "Þórr's arrow."
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary son of Selgi.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
New Sol
SQL SYNTAX
SQL SYNTAX
Girl/Female
Tamil
Auspicious, A star
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Sun
Boy/Male
Tamil
Harigopal | ஹரிகோபால
Lord Krishna
Male
Celtic
, servant of Mars.
Boy/Male
Indian
Successful, Turquoise, Gem stone
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Friendly by Nature
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Devotee of God
Girl/Female
Tamil
Varunika | வரà¯à®¨à®¿à®•ா
Goddess of rain
Girl/Female
German
Temptress.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Valuable
SQL SYNTAX
SQL SYNTAX
SQL SYNTAX
SQL SYNTAX
SQL SYNTAX
n.
Salt.
n.
See Sal soda, under Sal.
v. i.
To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice the sol-fa.
n.
An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, heavy, and durable.
n.
The last syllable of a word except two, as -syl- in monosyllable.
n.
A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic scale.
v. i.
To sol-fa. See Sol-fa, v. i.
n.
A sou.
n.
Same as Sal, the tree.
n.
Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.
n.
The tone itself.
n.
The gamut, or musical scale. See Tonic sol-fa, under Tonic, n.
n.
Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment).
n.
The sun.
n.
The act of sol-faing.
v. i.
To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending; as, do or ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do, or the same in reverse order.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Sol-fa
imp. & p. p.
of Sol-fa
n.
A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of value, and is worth about 68 cents.
n.
Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color, and value.