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Type of radio propagation
Sporadic E (abbreviated Es or SpE) is an uncommon form of radio propagation using a low level of the Earth's ionosphere that normally does not refract
Sporadic_E_propagation
Topics referred to by the same term
infinite family of groups Sporadic disease, one with no recognisable pattern Sporadic E propagation, an unusual form of radio propagation occasionally allowing
Sporadic
Amateur radio frequency band
sporadic E propagation enables long-distance contacts spanning up to 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) for single-hop propagation. Multiple-hop sporadic E propagation
6-meter_band
Propagation of radio waves beyond the radio horizon
result of skywave propagation, a signal from a distant AM broadcasting station, a shortwave station, or – during sporadic E propagation conditions (principally
Skywave
Amateur radio frequency band
many FM operators.[citation needed] Another form of VHF propagation is called Sporadic E propagation. This is a phenomenon whereby radio signals are reflected
2-meter_band
Amateur radio frequency band
propagation mechanisms via the F2 ionospheric layer normally seen at high frequency (HF) which occasionally appear in 6 meters. However, sporadic E propagation
8-meter_band
Reserved part of radio spectrum
offers useful short to medium range groundwave propagation, day or night. Due to Sporadic E propagation during the late spring and most of the summer,
Amateur radio frequency allocations
Amateur_radio_frequency_allocations
Type of radio propagation
radio-aurora is followed by Auroral-E, which resembles both propagation types in some ways. Sporadic E (Es) propagation occurs on HF and VHF bands. It must
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Ionospheric phenomenon
The phenomenon is rare compared to other forms of propagation (such as sporadic E propagation, or E-skip) but can reflect signals thousands of miles beyond
F2_propagation
Topics referred to by the same term
English, a 1968 book by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle SpE, abbreviation for Sporadic E propagation Spe (planet), 14 Andromedae b Stanford prison experiment
SPE
Radio broadcast band
This may have been to reduce co-channel interference caused by Sporadic E propagation and other atmospheric effects, which occur more often at these frequencies
FM_broadcast_band
Frequency shift keying digital mode
monitor FT8 frequencies on the HF bands. During meteor scatter or sporadic-E propagation, VHF or UHF FT8 signals can sometimes be received from over 1000 km
FT8
Reception on the VHF frequency band
to only cover a relatively confined service area, the sporadic long-distance signal propagation was seen as a nuisance, especially by station management
TV_and_FM_DX
allocations. One area of concern was the effects of tropospheric and Sporadic E propagation, which at times reflected station signals over great distances,
FM broadcasting in the United States
FM_broadcasting_in_the_United_States
Land mobile radio system
may be impossible to use skywave at all, except during periods of Sporadic-E propagation (from late spring through mid-summer). Skip contributes to noise
Citizens_band_radio
Experiment - space weather - spicule (solar physics) - SPLAT! - sporadic E propagation - spray (solar physics) - spread spectrum - stratosphere - substorm
Index of radio propagation articles
Index_of_radio_propagation_articles
Area where radio transmissions can not be received
Es-Layer that occasionally may appear in summer may produce such Sporadic E propagation. A method of decreasing the skip zone is by decreasing the frequency
Skip_zone
Degenerative neurological disorder
the prion protein. About 85% of cases of CJD occur for unknown reasons ('sporadic CJD'), while about 10–15% of cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant
Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Amateur radio frequency band
when propagation on 10 meters via F2 is practically nonexistent, the band still has some long distance possibilities. Sporadic E propagation can bring
10-meter_band
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
ion meteoric debris. Sporadic E propagation makes VHF-operating by radio amateurs very exciting when long-distance propagation paths that are generally
Ionosphere
American radio-frequency engineer and inventor (1890–1954)
allocations. One area of concern was the effects of tropospheric and Sporadic E propagation, which at times reflected station signals over great distances,
Edwin_Howard_Armstrong
down-conversion Spontaneous process Spontaneous symmetry breaking Sporadic E propagation Spouting can Spray nozzle Spring pendulum Spring scale Springboard
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
British physicist and electrical engineer
absorption and reflection of the E-layer. Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (1975) Sporadic E propagation Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial
Louis_Miles_Muggleton
Radio system
summer months due to interference from foreign transmitters due to Sporadic E propagation thereby giving poor quality signals. Ambitalk addresses this interference
Ambitalk
Yahiko started on December 1, 1958, on VHF channel 2. To prevent Sporadic E propagation from the Utsukushigahara transmitter in Nagano Prefecture, the station
NHK Niigata Broadcasting Station
NHK_Niigata_Broadcasting_Station
Radio beacon used in amateur radio
indicators of Sporadic E ionospheric propagation. According to IARU bandplans, the following 28 MHz frequencies are allocated to radio propagation beacons:
Amateur radio propagation beacon
Amateur_radio_propagation_beacon
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
diseases affecting animals, including humans. These proteins can misfold sporadically, due to genetic mutations, or through exposure to an already misfolded
Prion
Geomagnetic storm indicator
degrades radio propagation. The degradation mainly consists of a reduction of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) by as much as 50%. Sometimes the E-layer may
K-index
ISIS propaganda radio station
transmitter) have 10 kilowatts output power and is received in Europe via sporadic E propagation. The station operated in 2015 and 2016 before being overrun by Libyan
Al-Bayan_(radio_station)
Rare neurodegenerative disease
Most cases of ALS (about 90–95%) have no known cause and are known as sporadic ALS. Genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors are believed to be
ALS
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
prionopathy. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has been divided into four subtypes: sporadic (idiopathic), hereditary, iatrogenic, and variant. These diseases form
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Rare neurodegenerative disease caused by prions
commonly affected. The outbreak likely originated from a villager developing sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, which then spread to others via the consumption
Kuru_(disease)
Amateur radio frequency band
temperate latitudes. However, sporadic E is common on the band during the summer season, and tropospheric propagation is marginally more successful than
4-metre_band
Medical condition
prionopathy (VPSPr) (formerly known as Protease Sensitive Prionopathy) is a sporadic transmissible spongiform encephalopathy first described in an abstract
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy
Variably_protease-sensitive_prionopathy
Amateur radio frequency band
However, Sporadic E is common on the band in summer, tropospheric propagation is marginally more successful than on the 6-meter band, and propagation via the
5-meter_band
Part of commercial winemaking and viticulture
The propagation of grapevines is an important consideration in commercial viticulture and winemaking. Grapevines, most of which belong to the Vitis vinifera
Propagation_of_grapevines
Models used in Parkinson's disease research
associated with both familial (most prevalent causes of familial PD) and sporadic PD. There are key mutations of the LRRK2 protein, like G2019s which is
Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Animal_models_of_Parkinson's_disease
Anomalous radio echo
bottom layer. (Ducting propagation between air layers in the lower atmosphere is a well-understood phenomenon. See Radio propagation.) Mode conversion: Signals
Long_delayed_echo
Radio transmissions using wavelengths between 10 m and 100 m
entertainment, can be heard sporadically and in various modes on the shortwave bands. Pirate broadcasters take advantage of the better propagation characteristics
Shortwave_radio
Spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons
Rüb U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E (March–April 2003). "Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease". Neurobiology of Aging
Lewy_body
Digital circuit optimisation
registers present along edge e {\displaystyle e} in the initial circuit. Let d ( v ) {\displaystyle d(v)} be the propagation delay through vertex v {\displaystyle
Retiming
Class of atmospheric infrasonic waves
and direction of the winds, and thus they may be sporadic or seasonal. Rind, D.; Donn, W.L.; Dede, E. (Nov 1973). "Upper Air Wind Speeds Calculated from
Microbarom
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
S2CID 31976428. Montagna P, Gambetti P, Cortelli P, Lugaresi E (March 2003). "Familial and sporadic fatal insomnia". The Lancet. Neurology. 2 (3): 167–176.
Major_prion_protein
Phenomenon in bamboo
flowering over a several-year period. Any plant derived through clonal propagation from this cohort will also flower regardless of whether it has been planted
Bamboo_blossom
Species of plant
Spigelia marilandica produces flowers in late spring and early summer with sporadic blooms in the fall, and it tends to be found in low moist woods, ravines
Spigelia_marilandica
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease is APOEε4. APOEε4 is one of the three major alleles of apolipoprotein E (APOE). APOE plays a major
Alzheimer's_disease
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
intense sporadic E layers". Atmosphere. 13 (6): 906. Bibcode:2022Atmos..13..906D. doi:10.3390/atmos13060906. ISSN 2073-4433. Taggart, Ralph E. (April
Amateur_radio
Type of evoked potential
concentration and excitatory glutamate contribute to the initiation and propagation of cortical spreading depression, which is a key event underlying migraine
Cortical_spreading_depression
Communication device
System designers use radio frequency models, terrain models, and signal propagation modeling software in an attempt to accurately estimate where radios will
Two-way_radio
Ethnic cleansing of Palestinians
war, marking the first wave of the exodus."; Pappe 2006, p. 40, "Though sporadic, these early Jewish assaults were severe enough to cause the exodus of
Nakba
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GIPC3 is thought to be important for acoustic signal acquisition and propagation in hair cells of the mammalian cochlea. The human GIPC3 gene is located
GIPC3
Type of group and algebra representation
representation. T. Jaroszewicz; P. S. Kurzepa (1992). "Geometry of spacetime propagation of spinning particles". Annals of Physics. 216 (2): 226–267. Bibcode:1992AnPhy
Irreducible_representation
Gas layer surrounding Earth
velocity atoms and molecules being able to escape the atmosphere. The sporadic sodium layer is an intermittent level of neutral atoms of sodium, usually
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Leader of Libya from 1969 to 2011
been questioned. Gaddafi retreated to the desert to meditate. There were sporadic clashes between Gaddafists and army officers who wanted to overthrow the
Muammar_Gaddafi
Coconut cultivar with little coconut water
germination, thus rendering macapuno seeds effectively sterile. Traditional propagation of macapuno involved taking the viable (normal) seeds from the same racemes
Macapuno
Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
meanwhile, often take the form of large lava fountains (both continuous and sporadic), which can reach heights of hundreds of meters or more. The particles
Shield_volcano
Records of Earth's people
organization of military forces on land and sea increased, alongside the wider propagation of gunpowder. The early modern period is significant for the start of
Human_history
Taxon that disappears from the fossil record, only to reappear later
resupplied, or as a sampling artifact. The fossil record is inherently sporadic (only a very small fraction of organisms become fossilized, and an even
Lazarus_taxon
"spontaneous" or "sporadic" in the literature (such as "spontaneous nasalization"). This means that the sound change's context and/or isogloss (i.e. dialects
Phonological history of Hindustani
Phonological_history_of_Hindustani
De facto standard in radio communications
of calling and connecting during constantly changing HF ionospheric propagation, reception interference, and shared spectrum use of busy or congested
Automatic_link_establishment
Species of spider
notably have minimal correlation with its population size but rather occur sporadically for the species. Argiope argentata belongs to the genus Argiope. As with
Argiope_argentata
Fruit tree
drinks, jams and jellies. Native to Central America, it is cultivated sporadically throughout the tropics. No known medicinal uses, the bark of the tree
Garcinia_intermedia
Deviation of light as it moves through the atmosphere
similar refraction phenomena Novaya Zemlya effect Radio propagation Line-of-sight propagation#Atmospheric refraction Ray tracing (physics) Shen Kuo Terrestrial
Atmospheric_refraction
Hobby of receiving distant radio or TV stations
specialized receivers more suitable to DXing than to casual listening. Though sporadic in nature, signals on the FM broadcast and VHF television bands – especially
DXing
significant industry in the late 19th/early 20th century with its wide scale propagation within the state by entrepreneur W.H. Fuller around 1896. Arkansas has
Rice_cultivation_in_Arkansas
Species of strawberry
home gardeners as hard to grow from seed, often with rumors of long and sporadic germination times, cold pre-chilling requirements, etc.[citation needed]
Fragaria_vesca
Species of plant
North America is the Midwestern United States, though populations occur sporadically throughout the United States and Canada. Large wild C. ruderalis populations
Cannabis_ruderalis
Period of Ottoman rule of Greece
history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 143 The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim
Ottoman_Greece
Sporadic biological phenomenon at the molecular scale
required gene for uracil biosynthesis, in the mitochondria. During the propagation of such yeast strains carrying a nuclear ura3 mutation, plasmid DNA that
Nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment
Nuclear_mitochondrial_DNA_segment
to lay down their arms, officially bringing an end to the war. However, sporadic insurgent resistance continued in various parts of the Philippines, especially
History_of_the_Philippines
Species of orchid
reduces the risk of undesired propagation of transgenic lines. The rapid growth and the low chromosome numbers make E. pusilla is also an excellent parent
Erycina_pusilla
2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia
to mid-2017, tensions mounted as neo-Confederate and alt-right groups' sporadic gatherings in Charlottesville's downtown parks and pedestrian mall were
Unite_the_Right_rally
Insoluble protein aggregate with a fibrillar morphology
in some neurodegenerative diseases. Some of these diseases are mainly sporadic and only a few cases are familial. Others are only familial. Some result
Amyloid
Jewish nationalist movement
mandatory government to restrict Jewish immigration and land purchases. Sporadic attacks in the countryside (described by Zionists and the British as "banditry")
Zionism
1944 World War II military operation
idea of the utter confusion that reigned in Nijmegen at the time, with sporadic battles going on all over the place, and particularly on our one road to
Operation_Market_Garden
Berry and plant
2014). "Vaccinium ovatum". Plant Propagation Reports, Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved 2023-12-05. Neill, Kristin E.; Contreras, Ryan N. (February
Vaccinium_ovatum
President of Syria since 2025
plots, highlighting foreign allies' efforts to support a country shaken by sporadic violence after the overthrow of president Bashar al-Assad. However, Turkey
Ahmed_al-Sharaa
Ethnic group
it continued to survive in the region for long time, as documented by sporadic sources. The erosion of Christian institutions intensified by the late
Berber_Christians
South Asian Islamic revivalist movement
selected for mosques in their housing complex. During the 1990s and 2000s, sporadic violence resulted from disputes between Barelvis and Deobandis over control
Barelvi_movement
Country in West Asia
resistance from both Jewish and Arab nationalist movements, which manifested in sporadic violence and protests against British policies. In 1929, violent riots
Palestine
British scientist
Scott was the first scientist to demonstrate lightning effects on the 'sporadic E' layer; transient, localized patches of relatively high electron density
Christopher_Scott_(scientist)
1821 and 1824 in the United States Senate. A U.S. Navy presence, however sporadic, did result in American slavers sailing under the Spanish flag, but still
Slavery_in_the_United_States
Species of flowering plant
to 14 stamens. Flowering occurs from September to December and often sporadically throughout the year. Flowering is followed by fruit which are woody capsules
Melaleuca_viminalis
Heraldry of the Iberian kingdom
integral part of arms, and were subject to frequent change. Lions were sporadically shown supporting the arms of the Castilian monarch and were introduced
Heraldry_of_Castile
Guerrilla campaign against the Taliban government
Front (AFF) carried out 43. The report said that the violence remained sporadic and did not pose a serious threat to Taliban rule. It also noted a sharp
Republican insurgency in Afghanistan
Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
seeding activity and disease progression in sporadic and genetic Parkinson's disease in the PPMI cohort". eBioMedicine. 119 105866. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom
Parkinson's_disease
1995 terrorist attack by Aum Shinrikyo
changed over time; sporadic rebel clashes and/or raids throughout Japanese history can also be seen as a form of terrorism. Smithson, Amy E; Levy, Leslie-Anne
Tokyo_subway_sarin_attack
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
Slavin According to John Norris, evidence from Issyk-Kul indicates a small sporadic outbreak characteristic of transmission from rodents to humans with no
Black_Death
Loss of ductility of a material, making it brittle
not play a role in final fracture; it is mostly responsible for crack propagation. Cracks must first nucleate. Most embrittlement mechanisms can cause
Embrittlement
Species of tree
Marie E; Sillett, Stephen C (2022). "Intentional forests: Growing Hope for the Future". International Dendrology Society Yearbook 2021. PropagationNation
Sequoia_sempervirens
Chronology of the Buddhist religion
15–38. Miksic says construction of Borobudur began around 760 or 770, with sporadic activity until around 830 AD. ISBN 0-87773-906-4 Munoz says the Sailendra
Timeline_of_Buddhism
German philosopher (1844–1900)
and her subsequent colonial venture in Paraguay, maintaining that her sporadic anti-Semitism was, like most things in her life, an expedient tool for
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Open-source wireless sensor and actuator network protocol
usage is essential and data transmission is typically much slower and/or sporadic, like basic telemetry. Thus, instead of replicating a wire-line "session"
DASH7
Radio signal retransmitter
elevation can allow two mobile stations, otherwise out of line-of-sight propagation range of each other, to communicate. Repeaters are found in professional
Radio_repeater
Skyscraper complex in Milan, Italy
inaugurated and presented to the public on October 10 of the same year. Despite sporadic criticisms, it received extensive attention, as evidenced by the numerous
Bosco_Verticale
Species of eucalyptus
availability can often be an issue for E. coccifera and other subalpine species. This is due to the sporadic nature of Tasmanian rainfall, and a number
Eucalyptus_coccifera
Tables of radio frequencies assigned to television channels
common that the audio from a distant TV station on channel E2 received via Sporadic E interferes with Channel A video and vice versa. Channel C audio carrier's
Television channel frequencies
Television_channel_frequencies
Government ministry of Afghanistan
living conditions. In its early stages, the ministry's activities were sporadic and managed by different departments. Initially, its main goal was solely
Ministry of Martyrs and Disabled Affairs
Ministry_of_Martyrs_and_Disabled_Affairs
Group of genetic disorders affecting motor neurons controlling the lower limbs
nongenetic causes of spasticity, the latter being particular important in sporadic cases. Cerebral and spinal MRI is an important procedure performed in order
Hereditary_spastic_paraplegia
Scientific technique used in historical linguistics
perīcŭlum and mīrācŭlum, but the r and l changed places by sporadic metathesis. Analogy is the sporadic change of a feature to be like another feature in the
Comparative_method
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