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Star at the centre of the Solar System
The Sun is the star located at the centre of the Solar System. It is a massive sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions
Sun
Eruption of electromagnetic radiation
phase that occurs in some flares. The extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from solar flares is absorbed by the daylight side of Earth's upper atmosphere
Solar_flare
Russian-British electronic musician, computer scientist (born 1971)
Viacheslav Belavkin. As a musician, he is known under the pseudonym Solar X (also: SolarX). He is considered one of the pioneers of the Russian intelligent
Solar_X
Outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere
structured by the solar magnetic field. The solar corona lies above the photosphere and chromosphere and extends out to the edge of the solar atmosphere where
Solar_corona
South Korean singer (born 1991)
Tae-gun (December 26, 2021). 솔라X장도연X홍현희X사유리X김병현, 'KBS 연예대상' 베스트 엔터테이너상 [Solar X Jang Do-yeon X Hong Hyun-hee X Sayuri X Kim Byeong-hyun, 'KBS Entertainment
Solar_(singer)
Solar X-ray Imagers (SXI) are full-disc X-ray instruments observing the Sun aboard GOES satellites. The SXI on GOES 12 was the first of its kind and allows
Solar_X-ray_Imager
Solar storms of different types are caused by disturbances on the Sun, most often from coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares from active regions
List_of_solar_storms
Branch of astronomy that uses X-ray observation
of solar X-rays was confirmed early in the mid-twentieth century by V-2s converted to sounding rockets, and the detection of extra-terrestrial X-rays
X-ray_astronomy
American astrophysicist (1934–2013)
principal investigator, specializing in X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers. Frost also held the position of head of the Solar High Energy Branch for several years
Kenneth_John_Frost
Astronomical object emitting X-rays
variable stars and super soft X-ray sources), neutron star or black hole (X-ray binaries). Some Solar System bodies emit X-rays, the most notable being
Astrophysical_X-ray_source
Solar Physicist
Amir Caspi is a solar physicist based at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. He is particularly known for his work on X-ray spectroscopy
Amir_Caspi
Light emitted by the Sun
portion of the electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by the Sun (i.e. solar radiation) and received by the Earth, in particular the visible light perceptible
Sunlight
Seventh satellite of the Explorer program
during solar flares. The data collected by the Solar X-Ray and Lyman-Alpha Radiation were impossible to interpret in terms of incident solar radiation
Explorer_7
atmosphere. Taiyo had seven science instruments: Solar X-Ray Detector (SXR): Designed to observe solar X-rays in two energy ranges (5.9-9.5 keV, 9.5-11
Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite
Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite
Solar flare phenomenon
high-energy ('hard') X-ray emission to coincide temporally with the rate of rise of lower-energy ('soft') X-ray emission of a solar flare. Here 'hard' and
Neupert_effect
Soviet international spaceflight program
November 28 — Vertikal-1 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Solar mission. 1971 August 20 — Vertikal-2 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission. 1972 April 7 — Interkosmos 6
Interkosmos
Solar monitoring satellite
SOLRAD 7B was the eighth solar X-Ray monitoring satellite in the SOLRAD series and the fifth to successfully orbit the Earth. It was launched via Thor
SOLRAD_7B
Solar X-Ray Spectrometer, or SOXS, was an experimental payload launched onboard Indian geostationary satellite GSAT-2 by the Indian Space Research Organisation
SOXS
Telescope designed to observe remote objects by detecting X-rays
GOES 14 spacecraft carries on board a Solar X-ray Imager to monitor the Sun's X-rays for the early detection of solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and
X-ray_telescope
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
downward-looking part of each spin will be stored. The solar X-ray photometer (SXP), measures the solar irradiance at wavelengths from 2 to 35 nm. Each of
Student_Nitric_Oxide_Explorer
American astronomer (1916–2000)
was awarded the Wolf Prize in Physics “for pioneering investigations in solar X-rays”. List of astronomers § H. Friedman Friedman, Herbert (1916–2000)
Herbert_Friedman
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the masses that orbit it, most prominently its eight planets, of which Earth is one
Solar_System
U.S. solar X-ray and surveillance satellite
orbit on 22 June 1960. It was the first satellite to successfully observe solar X-rays, the first to conduct surveillance from orbit, and the first to be
SOLRAD_1
instrumentation able to detect solar ultraviolet radiation occurred in 1946. X-ray solar studies began in 1949. By 1973 a solar instrument package orbited
History_of_X-ray_astronomy
Defunct satellite
with its spin axis perpendicular to the sun-satellite line so that the 14 solar X-ray and ultraviolet photometers pointing radially outward from its equatorial
SOLRAD_8
Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph RES-C – Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter DIOGENESS – Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares HELICON – Solar
CORONAS_programme
Event wherein the Sun is obscured by the Moon
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of Earth, totally or partially
Solar_eclipse
Solar activity from 2019 to about 2030
Solar cycle 25 is the current solar cycle, the 25th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. It began in December 2019 with
Solar_cycle_25
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
The Solar cycle, also known as the solar magnetic activity cycle, sunspot cycle, or Schwabe cycle, is a periodic 11-year change in the Sun's activity measured
Solar_cycle
Solar storms during solar cycle 20
The solar storms of August 1972 were a historically powerful series of solar storms with intense to extreme solar flare, solar particle event, and geomagnetic
August_1972_solar_storms
Jet of plasma in the Sun's atmosphere
Solar jets are transient, collimated flows of plasma in the Sun's atmosphere. They occur at many different scales, temperatures, and locations, and are
Solar_jet
Conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity
Solar power, also known as solar electricity, is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly
Solar_power
The Mapping X-Ray Heliometer (MXRH) on NASA's Orbiting Solar Observatory 8 satellite 1980 – The X-ray polarimeter (XRP) on NASA's Solar Maximum Mission
Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory
Lockheed_Martin_Solar_and_Astrophysics_Laboratory
Marvel Comics superhero
associated with X-Men-related groups, the New Mutants and X-Force. Classified as a mutant, Sunspot possesses the ability to absorb and channel solar power into
Sunspot_(Marvel_Comics)
American solar energy company
2006, by Peter and Lyndon Rive, the cousins of SpaceX and Tesla CEO Elon Musk. Tesla acquired SolarCity in 2016, at a cost of approximately $2.6 billion
SolarCity
U.S. solar X-ray and surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 3 (from "solar radiation") was a solar X-ray satellite, the third in the SOLRAD program. Developed by the United States Navy's Naval Research Laboratory
SOLRAD_3
Communication Satellite built by ISRO
charging environment in the vicinity of the spacecraft Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS) to study the solar flare emission in 4 keV - 60 keV energy range using
GSAT-2
American surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 4B (from "solar radiation") was a solar X-ray, ultraviolet, and electronic surveillance satellite. Developed by the United States Navy's United
SOLRAD_4B
US navy surveillance satellite
SOLRAD 4 (from "solar radiation") was a solar X-rays, ultraviolet, and electronic surveillance satellite. Developed by the United States Navy's United
SOLRAD_4
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
changes in solar radiation in the UV, soft and hard X-ray regions. The satellite also mapped the celestial sphere using a high-sensitivity X-ray detector
SOLRAD_10
Telescope used to observe the Sun
A solar telescope or a solar observatory is a special-purpose telescope used to observe the Sun. Solar telescopes usually detect light with wavelengths
Solar_telescope
detects solar radio waves 1949 — Herbert Friedman detects solar X-rays 1960 — Robert B. Leighton, Robert Noyes, and George Simon discover solar five-minute
Timeline_of_solar_astronomy
Radio waves produced by the Sun
Solar radio emission refers to radio waves that are naturally produced by the Sun, primarily from the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere called
Solar_radio_emission
Research satellite
Research Organisation, ESRO 2B made astronomical surveys primarily in x-ray and solar particles detectors. ESRO-2B was an 89 kg (196 lb) cylindrical spacecraft
ESRO_2B
American satellite launched in 1967
OSO 3 (Orbiting Solar Observatory 3), or Third Orbiting Solar Observatory (known as OSO E2 before launch) was launched on March 8, 1967, into a nearly
OSO_3
Solar X-ray monitoring satellite
SOLRAD 7A was the seventh solar X-ray monitoring satellite in the SOLRAD series, and the fourth to successfully orbit the Earth. It was boosted into orbit
SOLRAD_7A
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or
Perovskite_solar_cell
SOLRAD 6 (from "solar radiation"; also called SOLRAD 6A) was the sixth solar X-ray monitoring satellite in the United States Navy's SOLRAD series, the
SOLRAD_6
Branch of space physics and aeronomy
with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere. This includes the effects of the solar wind, especially on the Earth's magnetosphere
Space_weather
Hypothetical planets further than Neptune
Neptune the farthest known planet in the Solar System. While the astronomical community widely agrees that Planet X, as originally envisioned, does not exist
Planets_beyond_Neptune
Series of American solar space observatories
2025. History of Orbiting Solar Observatory, OSO-2 (PDF) (Report). NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center. April 1966. N67-11368; TM X-55590. Delta Vehicle Flight
Orbiting_Solar_Observatory
The formation of the Solar System began about 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
cycle - solar flare - solar flux - solar flux unit - solar maximum - solar minimum - solar radiation storm level - solar rotation rate - solar transition
Index of radio propagation articles
Index_of_radio_propagation_articles
Astrophysical observatories launched from the Soviet Union
Gurzadyan of Byurakan Observatory in Armenia, for the study of the Solar ultraviolet and X-ray emission. R-5 Pobeda ballistic rockets were used, launched
Rocket Astrophysical Observatories K-2, K-3 and K-4
Rocket_Astrophysical_Observatories_K-2,_K-3_and_K-4
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partially obscuring Earth's view of the Sun. Below is a complete
List of solar eclipses visible from the British Isles
List_of_solar_eclipses_visible_from_the_British_Isles
Use of mirrors or lenses to heat a fluid for electricity generation
Concentrated solar power (CSP), also called concentrating solar power or concentrated solar thermal, involves systems that collect solar heat for multiple
Concentrated_solar_power
Solar activity from December 2008 to December 2019
Solar cycle 24 is the most recently completed solar cycle, the 24th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. It began in
Solar_cycle_24
Solar cell that can produce electrical energy from each side of the cell
bifacial solar cell (BSC) is a photovoltaic solar cell that can produce electrical energy from both front and rear side. In contrast, monofacial solar cells
Bifacial_solar_cells
Topics referred to by the same term
Hinotori (satellite), a solar X-ray astronomy satellite ASTRO-B or Tenma, an X-ray astronomy satellite ASTRO-C or Ginga (satellite), an X-ray astronomy satellite
Astro
Azimuth angle of the Sun's position
that S x 2 + S y 2 + S z 2 = 1 {\displaystyle S_{x}^{2}+S_{y}^{2}+S_{z}^{2}=1} . With the above mathematical setup, the solar zenith angle and solar azimuth
Solar_azimuth_angle
NASA satellite of the Explorer program (2002-2018)
High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI, originally High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager or HESSI or Explorer 81) was a NASA solar flare observatory
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager
Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager
Marvel Studios animated series
as Roberto da Costa / Sunspot: A young mutant rescued by the X-Men who can channel solar energy. (season 2, recurring season 1) Naoko Mori as Betsy Braddock
X-Men_'97
Semiconducting material used in solar cell technology
160 to 190 μm thick solar wafers—slices from bulks of solar grade silicon—they are sometimes called wafer-based solar cells. Solar cells made from c-Si
Crystalline_silicon
is calculated as: system size (kW) x zone rating x deeming years. Australia is divided into 4 zones based on solar irradiance patterns. Each zone has
Solar_credits
American satellite family
comprehensive set of solar X-ray observations to date. These data enabled scientists to determine the relative density of neon to magnesium in the solar corona through
Orbiting_Vehicle
India's first solar observation mission
'Sun', L1 'Lagrange Point 1') is a coronagraphy spacecraft for studying the solar atmosphere, designed and developed by ISRO and various other Indian Space
Aditya-L1
Solar space observatory
seconds. Two of these were solar-observing instruments, and the other two were cosmic X-ray instruments: UCSD Hard Solar X-Ray Monitoring instrument,
OSO_7
star or black hole (X-ray binaries). Some Solar System bodies emit X-rays, the most notable being the Moon, although most of the X-ray brightness of the
List_of_space_telescopes
Soviet lunar lander that carried the Lunokhod 2 rover to the Moon
observations from the Moon, perform laser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays, measure local magnetic fields, and study mechanical properties of
Luna_21
American solar energy generation and battery energy storage company
Tesla, Inc. that develops, manufactures, sells and installs photovoltaic solar energy generation systems, battery energy storage products and other related
Tesla_Energy
US Air Force satellite
to return data on charged particles in orbit as well as measurements of solar X-rays and nightglow. Co-launched with OV1-8, the satellite was lost when
OV1-7
Device used to produce electricity from light
A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by using
Solar_cell
Amount of atmosphere that sunlight must pass through
the atmospheric effects on solar intensity. One can also assume that the air density falls off exponentially with height. If x is the distance along the
Air_mass_(solar_energy)
European space-based solar observatory
The Solar Orbiter (SolO) is a Sun-observing probe developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with a NASA contribution. Solar Orbiter, designed to obtain
Solar_Orbiter
Indian lunar mission (2019–Present)
surface. The Solar X-ray monitor (XSM) from Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, primarily supports CLASS instrument by providing solar X-ray spectra
Chandrayaan-2
Chinese solar inverter manufacturer
SolaX Power Network Technology (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 艾罗能源), commonly known as SolaX Power or SolaX, is a Chinese manufacturer of solar inverters
SolaX_Power
Topics referred to by the same term
engravings, engineering technologies, electronics and hydraulics Solar X-ray Imager, a full-disc X-ray telescope for the Sun St. Xavier's Institution, a boys
SXI
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
Solar sails (also known as lightsails, light sails, and photon sails) are a method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight
Solar_sail
NASA probe of the Sun's outer corona
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP; previously Solar Probe, Solar Probe Plus or Solar Probe+) is a NASA space probe launched in 2018 to make observations of
Parker_Solar_Probe
Microwave radio frequency band from 8–12 GHz
The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication
X_band
X-ray binary in Cygnus containing a stellar black hole
which would mean that Cygnus X-1 is about 5 million years old and formed from a progenitor star that had more than 40 solar masses. The majority of the
Cygnus_X-1
Second robotic Moon rover (1973)
observations from the Moon, perform laser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays, measure local magnetic fields, and study the soil mechanics of the
Lunokhod_2
List of episodes of the animated series Solar Opposites
Solar Opposites is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Mike McMahan for Hulu. The first season premiered on
List of Solar Opposites episodes
List_of_Solar_Opposites_episodes
Great Comet of 1996
000 years. This is the first comet to have an X-ray emission detected, which is most likely the result of ionised solar wind particles interacting with neutral
Comet_Hyakutake
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms
Ionosphere
American artificial intelligence subsidiary of SpaceX
County Health Department granted xAI an air permit for the project. On November 26, 2025, xAI announced plans to build a solar farm near Colossus with an estimated
SpaceXAI
Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) is one of the 10 instruments that are part of the scientific payload for the ESA Solar Orbiter mission launched
Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays
Spectrometer_Telescope_for_Imaging_X-rays
U.S. satellite launched in 1960
SOLRAD 2 (from "solar radiation") was the public designation for a combination surveillance and solar X-rays and ultraviolet scientific satellite, the
SOLRAD_2
Complex network of nerves located in the upper abdomen
The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near where
Celiac_plexus
Topics referred to by the same term
ultraviolet light or X-rays Soil solarization, method for controlling pests using solar power to increase the soil temperature "Solarization", a song by Shorty
Solarization
2021 video game
Solar Ash is an action-adventure platform game developed by Heart Machine and published by Annapurna Interactive. It was released on December 2, 2021
Solar_Ash
Series of intense solar storms in 2024
it produced another X-class flare of magnitude 5.4–5.7 with another asymmetrical full-halo CME . The region also caused an S1 solar radiation storm with
May_2024_solar_storms
2024 open world racing game
Connect event on 7 July. Test Drive Unlimited Solar Crown was released for PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S on 12 September 2024. A Nintendo Switch
Test Drive Unlimited Solar Crown
Test_Drive_Unlimited_Solar_Crown
Layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the exosphere
within the troposphere and dissipated within the lower thermosphere. The solar X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation (XUV) at wavelengths < 170 nm is
Thermosphere
corona extends much further than a solar radius from the photosphere and looks very complex and inhomogeneous in the X-rays images taken by satellites (see
Coronal_radiative_losses
American solar power company
First Solar, Inc. is an American publicly traded manufacturer of solar panels. First Solar uses rigid thin-film modules for its solar panels, and produces
First_Solar
American company headquartered in Andover, MA, United States
Enel X partnered with UMass Boston, to develop a 1 MW solar photovoltaic system, a 500 kW/2MWh lithium-ion battery storage system, and 11 Enel X JuiceBox
Enel_North_America
Simulator series by Egosoft
reconnected to the X-Universe, they try to become a diplomatic intermediary between the two factions. Terrans: Humans who still live in the Solar System, known
X_(video_game_series)
NASA/ESA solar probe launched in 1990
in the heliosphere. Solar X-ray and Cosmic Gamma-Ray Burst Instrument (GRB): studied cosmic gamma ray bursts and X-rays from solar flares. Dust Experiment
Ulysses_(spacecraft)
마마무 콘서트, 유닛 신곡 첫 공개…‘솔라X휘인, 문별X화사’ [Mamamoo's concert, the first release of a new unit song... ‘Solar X Wheein, Moonbyul X Hwasa’]. TV Report. Retrieved
List_of_Mamamoo_concert_tours
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