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United States federal statute
The Alien Registration Act, popularly known as the Smith Act, 76th United States Congress, 3rd session, ch. 439, 54 Stat. 670, 18 U.S.C. § 2385 is a United
Smith_Act
U.S. federal prosecutions, 1949–1958
The Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders were a series of trials held from 1949 to 1958 in which leaders of the Communist Party of the United States
Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders
Smith_Act_trials_of_Communist_Party_leaders
Topics referred to by the same term
Smith Act trial may refer to: Smith Act legal proceedings Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders Irrigation District Act of 1916 (Smith Act) Debbie
Smith_Act_trial
American lawyer
defense counsel in the Minneapolis trial of top Socialist Workers Party leaders accused of violating the Smith Act—a prosecution pushed owing to the SWP's
Albert_Goldman_(politician)
American labor activist & journalist (1903–1969)
Workers of America. He was tried and convicted in 1954 for violating the Smith Act, but his conviction was later overturned. Nat Ganley was born Nathan Kaplan
Nat_Ganley
1954 U.S. law criminalizing membership in communist organizations and supporting them
Mitchell v. Donovan Communist registration acts Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders Espionage Act of 1917 Anti-communism Haag, Ernest van den. "Controlling
Communist_Control_Act_of_1954
1844 assassination of Latter Day Saint founder in Carthage, Illinois
him while he underwent a legal and fair trial", convincing Smith and Hyrum to return to Illinois and face trial voluntarily. When the brothers arrived
Killing_of_Joseph_Smith
Phenomenon of US political rhetoric after WWII
leaders of the Communist Party were convicted under the Smith Act in 1949 in the Foley Square trial. Ten defendants were given sentences of five years and
McCarthyism
American Soviet spy
of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers (1949–1950), and that of the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders (1949–1958). Judith Coplon was born on May
Judith_Coplon
American photographer
York, was given the lead role in prosecuting the cases and, under the Smith Act, presented charges against twelve communist leaders on July 20, 1948.
Angela_Calomiris
US federal judge (1888–1990)
York. Medina is perhaps most well-remembered for presiding over the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders in 1949. Medina was born in Brooklyn, New
Harold_Medina
American trade unionist (1902–1976)
left the United States in 1955 for Poland, avoiding a second trial under the Smith Act on these charges. He returned to the United States and while eating
Irving_Potash
American politician (1903–1964)
defendants for their communist beliefs and party affiliation in the Smith Act trials. Paul Robeson, noted actor, singer, and civil rights activist publicly
Benjamin_J._Davis_Jr.
American labor organizer and Communist politician (1881–1961)
indicted for subversive activity under the Smith Act, but, because of his precarious health, he was not brought to trial. The party began to implode as a result
William_Z._Foster
1906 novel by Upton Sinclair
his factory, but half a dozen men tear him away. While in prison awaiting trial, he realizes it is Christmas Eve. The next day, his cellmate, Jack Duane
The_Jungle
Historical political movement in Wisconsin, United States
barred from his seat in the House because of his trial and conviction under the 1917 Espionage Act for his public remarks opposing intervention in World
Sewer_socialism
United States military spending bill
without charge or trial of a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States apprehended in the United States, unless an Act of Congress expressly
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013
National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2013
2025 criminal court case
prison, and fined him $500,000. Throughout the trial and after the verdict, public opinion on Combs acted as a pendulum. A third public opinion that has
Trial_of_Sean_Combs
Russian-born anarchist (1869–1940)
under the newly enacted Espionage Act, and were held on $25,000 bail each. Defending herself and Berkman during their trial, Goldman invoked the First Amendment
Emma_Goldman
1925 US legal case in Tennessee
of violating the Butler Act, a Tennessee state law which outlawed the teaching of human evolution in public schools. The trial was deliberately staged
Scopes_trial
American historian (born 1951)
National Lawyers Guild (1937). Abraham was a defense lawyer in the first Smith Act trial of Communist Party leaders in 1949 during which he was cited for contempt
Maurice_Isserman
Jewish-American lynching victim (1884–1915)
favorable to Frank as a hostile act." Tom Watson, editor of the Jeffersonian, had remained publicly silent during Frank's trial. Among Watson's political enemies
Leo_Frank
Month of 1949
Michael J. O'Doherty, 75, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila The Smith Act trial of Communist Party leaders ended after nine months with all eleven
October_1949
American political official and newspaperman
editor. A member of the Communist Party USA, he was convicted under the Smith Act in 1949. Winter was born Philip Carl Weisberg on September 25, 1906, in
Carl_Winter_(activist)
2011 U.S. law reforming the patent process
The Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) is a United States federal statute that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama
Leahy–Smith America Invents Act
Leahy–Smith_America_Invents_Act
Walsh case. The trial of Anne Hutchinson has been described as a political trial. Haymarket affair Sacco and Vanzetti Smith Act trials of Communist Party
Political_trial
International labor union
Communists and Communist organizations. At the beginning of the 1949 Smith Act trials, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was disappointed when prosecutors indicted
Industrial Workers of the World
Industrial_Workers_of_the_World
under the Espionage Act. During his trial, he did not take the stand, nor call a witness in his defense. However, before the trial began and after his
Socialism in the United States
Socialism_in_the_United_States
American anarchist activist (1946–1986)
on trial alongside David Gilbert and Judith Alice Clark, white accomplices who had helped during the robbery. Upon a motion by the defence, the trial was
Kuwasi_Balagoon
American politician (1909–1965)
June 1949, he signed a letter in support of the defendants in the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders. Montana: O'Connell completed his legal
Jerry_J._O'Connell
American labor leader and feminist (1890–1964)
Statement to the Court and Statement in the Case of the Sixteen Smith Act Victims in the Trial at Foley Square, New York. New York: New Century Publishers
Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn
ISBN 0916180018. Raymond, Harry (September 18, 1956). "Six in N.Y. Smith Act Trial Get Sentences of 1 to 5 Years, No Fines". Daily Worker. p. 1. "Court
George_Blake_Charney
Secretary of the Communist Party USA for California
party leaders found themselves indicted and then convicted under the Smith Act for trying to overthrow the government. The defendants were: Loretta Starvus
William_Schneiderman
1950 US anti-communist subversion statute
Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board Title I, Section 5-7 Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders Scales v. United States Title II, Section
McCarran Internal Security Act
McCarran_Internal_Security_Act
Scottish alleged murderer (1835–1928)
Hamilton Smith (29 March 1835 – 12 April 1928) was a Scottish woman who was accused of murdering her lover with arsenic in a sensational murder trial in Scotland
Madeleine_Smith
2023–24 U.S. legal affair
Cannon initially set trial for May 20, 2024, she postponed it and then dismissed the case on July 15, ruling that the appointment of Smith had been unconstitutional
Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)
Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_(classified_documents_case)
British murderer (born 1956)
Bailey jury. Crump's mother insisted at the trial that Smith would kill again. At the conclusion of the trial the police said that the case was closed and
David_Smith_(murderer)
American politician (1915–1965)
Thompson was convicted in the Foley Square trial, alongside the rest of the party leadership, for violating the Smith Act. He was sentenced to imprisonment for
Robert_G._Thompson
1989 television film directed by Bill Bixby
Columbia, Canada. The Trial of the Incredible Hulk was directed by and stars Bill Bixby. Also starring are Lou Ferrigno, Rex Smith and John Rhys-Davies
The Trial of the Incredible Hulk
The_Trial_of_the_Incredible_Hulk
American political activist and organizer (1908–2001)
those also arrested under the Smith Act. Winter was also charged under the Smith Act, and she had to attend her trial on a stretcher due to being afflicted
Helen_Winter
1952 United States Supreme Court case
The five attorneys who volunteered to defend the communists in the Smith Act trial of 1949 were familiar with leftist causes and personally supported
Sacher_v._United_States
2003 American murder trial
being granted a new trial. In a review of an appeal, the judge had ruled that a critical prosecution witness in the first trial gave misleading testimony
Michael_Peterson_trial
American labor organizer (1869–1928)
Darrow during the trial, though he did not lead Orchard's cross-examination. During the trial, Orchard admitted that he had acted as a paid informant
Bill_Haywood
American lawyer
Catherine Roraback participated in many controversial cases, such as a Smith Act trial in Connecticut in the 1950s, in which she defended members of the Communist
Catherine_Roraback
Month of 1949
(d. 2008) Judge Harold Medina refused to declare a mistrial in the Smith Act trial despite defense contentions that juror Russell Janney, author of The
August_1949
American novelist
1963. Janney also served as a juror in a high-profile 1949 trial, one of the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders. Janney married Edith Hulda Cramer
Russell_Janney
American politician (1905–1961)
v. United States and rendered the broad conspiracy provisions of the Smith Act unenforceable.[citation needed] Eugene Dennis was imprisoned in the years
Eugene_Dennis
American Communist politician
indicted in July 1948 under the Smith Act and convicted and sentenced to a long term of imprisonment following a lengthy 1949 trial. Unlike his co-defendants
Gil_Green_(communist)
American Marxist economist (1910–2004)
fighting against the prosecution of members of the Communist Party under the Smith Act. An outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War, Sweezy was a prominent supporter
Paul_Sweezy
American politician
McCarthy era, Lightfoot was arrested based on the Smith Act of 1940 and put on trial. While previous Smith Act indictments had been of individuals accused directly
Claude_Lightfoot
American politician (1882–1947)
requested the pardon of Thomas Mooney. In 1931, James Smith, a black railroad porter, was put on trial for assault but was unable to pay for a lawyer. La
Fiorello_La_Guardia
Communist lawyer
America See Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders. Sacher represented Irving Potash, Benjamin J. Davis Jr., and John Gates in a 1949 trial for charges
Harry_Sacher_(lawyer)
1997 live album by Charlie Parker
organized for Benjamin J. Davis Jr., who had been convicted during the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders. Charlie Parker's quintet was hired in addition
Live_at_Rockland_Palace
United States federal law
judge-only trial by court-martial lasting eight weeks, Army judge Colonel Denise Lind convicted Manning on six counts of violating the Espionage Act, among
Espionage_Act_of_1917
United States Act of Congress
original (PDF) on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. "About the Smith Act Trials". www.english.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-01. 8 FAM 301.4 Acquisition
Nationality_Act_of_1940
Month of 1949
United States. In New York, three of the eleven defendants in the Smith Act trial (John Gates, Henry Winston and Gus Hall) were sent to jail by Judge
June_1949
US Representative, Son-in-Law of John Adams
Colonel Smith and Ogden were indicted by a federal grand jury in New York for violating the Neutrality Act of 1794 and put on trial. Colonel Smith claimed
William_Stephens_Smith
American trade unionist and Communist Party leader
Party did not believe the accusation. Weinstock was indicted under the Smith Act on June 20, 1950, along with twenty other leaders in the Party. Following
Louis_Weinstock
at trial. The release of this report (Volume I) was affected by parallel proceedings in the classified documents federal prosecution, for which Smith had
Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)
Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_(election_obstruction_case)
2023 charges against the then former U.S. president
and the two federal cases. On the state cases: The six-week-long New York trial lasted April 15–May 30, 2024 and resulted in the conviction of Trump on
Indictments against Donald Trump
Indictments_against_Donald_Trump
2000 trial in the Netherlands
bombing trial began on 3 May 2000, more than 11 years after the destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988. The 36-week bench trial took place
Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial
Pan_Am_Flight_103_bombing_trial
American photographer (1890–1976)
Robert G. Thompson, John Williamson, Henry Winston, Carl Winter) in the Smith Act trials, along with Lester Cole, Martha Dodd, W. E. B. Du Bois, Henry Pratt
Paul_Strand
Month of 1949
disappearance of the plane helped fuel the legend of the Bermuda Triangle. The Smith Act trial of 11 leading American Communists charged with plotting the overthrow
January_1949
Last people to be executed for sodomy in England
harsh. Pratt and Smith were convicted under section 15 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1828, which had replaced the 1533 Buggery Act, and were sentenced
James_Pratt_and_John_Smith
2012 murders in Little Falls, Minnesota
brother described him as a retired security engineering officer. Smith claimed at trial that prior to the murders he had been burgled at least half a dozen
Murders of Haile Kifer and Nicholas Brady
Murders_of_Haile_Kifer_and_Nicholas_Brady
leadership, including Foster. This was part of the lead-up to the eventual Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders in 1949. The convention was the fourteenth
1948 Communist National Convention
1948_Communist_National_Convention
American army serviceman and undercover Communist agent
organization advocating overthrow of the government). The Smith Act led in turn to the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders, which lasted from 1949 to
Lawrence_Milner
Russian-American anarchist and writer (1870–1936)
lover and lifelong friend of anarchist Emma Goldman. In 1892, undertaking an act of propaganda of the deed, Berkman made a failed attempt to assassinate businessman
Alexander_Berkman
American lawyer (born 1969)
delays and postponement of the trial, Judge Aileen Cannon dismissed the case on July 15, 2024 on the grounds that Smith's appointment as special counsel
Jack_Smith_(lawyer)
American sociologist (born 1932)
Human SERVE's initiative was incorporated by the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, colloquially known as the "Motor Voter Bill". She is a member of
Frances_Fox_Piven
41st United States presidential inauguration
Washington, D.C., to protest the inauguration. The group protested Smith Act trials of communist leaders, as well as unfair death penalty sentences for
Second inauguration of Harry S. Truman
Second_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman
American communist (1911–1986)
the Communist movement, was brought to trial in the Foley Square trial on charges of violating the Smith Act for encouraging the overthrowing of the
Henry_Winston
Investigation into U.S. president Donald Trump
— any of these cases going to trial. And if he's going to have a trial here, that's going to be a forum for Jack Smith and people to put on the evidence
Smith special counsel investigation
Smith_special_counsel_investigation
Australian former soldier (born 1978)
out by Roberts-Smith in Afghanistan, including those in Darwan. The defamation trial was labelled by lawyers and media as "the trial of the century"
Ben_Roberts-Smith
American communist (1913–1992)
colorful contemporary turn of phrase from Time magazine) indicted under the Smith Act for being "dedicated to the Marxist–Leninist principles of the overthrow
John_Gates
Formal accusation that someone committed a crime
indictment rather than conferring a universal right to a jury trial. Section 4G of the Crimes Act 1914 provides that "offences against a law of the Commonwealth
Indictment
Founder of the Latter Day Saint movement (1805–1844)
to attempt to find treasure. Smith was arrested and taken to trial, where Josiah Stowell testified that he believed Smith had the ability to find treasures
Joseph_Smith
School shooting in Alberta, Canada
as a juvenile. Following his arrest and before the trial, a medical examination discovered Smith had a heart ailment that required open heart surgery
1999 W. R. Myers High School shooting
1999_W._R._Myers_High_School_shooting
1868 U.S. Senate trial
Office Act by attempting to remove Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office and name Lorenzo Thomas secretary of war ad interim. During the trial, the
Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson
Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson
The criminal trial in The People of the State of New York v. Donald J. Trump was held from April 15 to May 30, 2024. Donald Trump, the 45th, and later
Criminal trial of Donald Trump in New York
Criminal_trial_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York
1940 United States law
Judicial Archives Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders Facets of domestic and international propaganda
Anti-Propaganda Act of 1940 (US)
Anti-Propaganda_Act_of_1940_(US)
American politician (1929–2019)
single-payer healthcare system and sponsored the United States National Health Care Act. He also sponsored a bill to establish Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal
John_Conyers
1948 proposed US law on Communist registration
and ten other top Party leaders for violating the Smith Act and try them in 1949 in the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders.) (Also on June 2, 1948
Mundt–Nixon_Bill
2005 homicide in Oklahoma, United States
Oklahoman. Retrieved September 5, 2009. "District Judge Rules on New Trial for Smith". October 10, 2010. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. "Senate
Death_of_Kelsey_Smith-Briggs
20th-century Communist Party USA leader and National Maritime Union co-founder
CPUSA leader before HUAC. Lannon went to prison in the second-string Smith Act trials in the Federal Correctional Complex, Petersburg in Petersburg, Virginia
Al_Lannon
British murderer
hanged at Devizes, Wiltshire. After her trial she confessed to having poisoned seven of her other children. Smith was born in the village of Bratton, Wiltshire
Rebecca_Smith_(murderer)
American lawyer (1916–2002)
Communist Party member (and Party lawyer) who was convicted in 1952 under the Smith Act, served 28 of 36 months, then immediately faced disbarment, against which
Maurice_Braverman
American lawyer
Melsheimer is a trial lawyer at King & Spalding. He is also managing partner of King & Spalding's Dallas office and global head of trial work. His trial experience
Thomas_M._Melsheimer
1960s American youth-oriented counter-cultural political party
part due to publicity surrounding the five-month Chicago Seven Conspiracy trial of 1969. They both used the phrase "ideology is a brain disease" to separate
Youth_International_Party
Type of legal trial
trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes findings of fact and reaches a verdict. It is distinguished from a bench trial,
Jury_trial
Early 20th-century American historical event
Congress passed the Espionage Act in 1917, the Sedition Act of 1918, and the Immigration Act of 1918. The Espionage Act made it a crime to interfere with
First_Red_Scare
American political consultant
Christian Mobilizers. He was the principal defendant in the federal Smith Act sedition trial of 1944. McWilliams was born in 1904 to a poor pioneer family in
Joe_McWilliams
Georgia state law
The Georgia RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act is a law in the U.S. state of Georgia that makes a form of racketeering a felony
Georgia RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act
Georgia_RICO_(Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations)_Act
American politician (born 1959)
his bill "The Freedom of Choice Dentures Act." In 1999, his last year in office, it died in committee. Hyde-Smith defeated Rayborn in the Democratic primary
Cindy_Hyde-Smith
United States law regarding patent rights and government research
The Bayh–Dole Act or Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act (Pub. L. 96-517, December 12, 1980) is U.S. legislation permitting ownership by contractors
Bayh–Dole_Act
Defendants in a 1969–70 trial
Davis". Famous Trials. UMKC School of Law. Linder, Douglas O. "The Chicago Eight Trial: Excerpts from the Trial Transcript". Famous Trials. UMKC School
Chicago_Seven
1951 United States Supreme Court case
of the Communist Party who were charged with conspiring to violate the Smith Act. The case regards the Eighth Amendment issue of excessive bail. The District
Stack_v._Boyle
American murderer and body snatcher (1906–1984)
initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility. By 1968, he was judged competent to stand trial. He was found guilty of the
Ed_Gein
1957 United States Supreme Court case
day on which the Supreme Court irreparably crippled the witch hunt". Smith Act trials of communist party leaders Brandenburg v. Ohio Hess v. Indiana Yates
Yates_v._United_States
American labor reformer, researcher, journalist, activist and communist
Congress, which supported people who were defending themselves in the Smith Act trials, She personally posted the $10,000 bail for Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
Grace_Hutchins
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