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Farming method for clearing vegetation
Slash-and-char is an alternative to slash-and-burn that has a lesser effect on the environment. It is the practice of charring the biomass resulting from
Slash-and-char
Lightweight black residue, made of carbon and ashes, after pyrolysis of biomass
soil pH, and increasing salinity. Beyond soil application, biochar can be used for slash-and-char farming, for water retention in soil, and as an additive
Biochar
Agricultural practice
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a form of shifting cultivation in agriculture that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to
Slash-and-burn_agriculture
Very dark, fertile Amazonian anthropogenic soil
management and slash-and-char agriculture, the charcoal is stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients
Terra_preta
(tree pruning technique) - Silviculture - Site index - Site tree - Slash-and-char - Harry A. Slattery - Smokejumper - Snag - Softwood - Stand Density
Index_of_forestry_articles
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
of fire in land-clearing and agriculture such as slash-and-burn farming. In the tropics, farmers often practice the slash-and-burn method of clearing fields
Wildfire
Process of cutting down trees
grouping and felling several small ones simultaneously. In hand felling, an axe, saw, or chainsaw is used to fell a tree, followed up by limbing and bucking
Felling
Conversion of forest to non-forest for human use
poverty. In areas where "slash-and-burn" is practiced, switching to "slash-and-char" would prevent the rapid deforestation and subsequent degradation of
Deforestation
Small-scale cultivation of plants
amounts of charcoal are added to soils as a result of forest fires and slash-and-burn techniques.") (internal citations omitted) von Hagen, V.W. (1957)
Horticulture
Perennial woody plant with elongated trunk
perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including
Tree
List of wildfires in the U.S. State of Colorado
This is a list of the most extensive, most destructive, and deadliest Colorado wildfires that have occurred in modern history. During the severe 2002
List_of_Colorado_wildfires
Technique of severe pruning of trees
branches of a tree, which promotes the growth of a dense head of foliage and branches. In ancient Rome, Propertius mentioned pollarding during the 1st
Pollarding
Elite force of wildland firefighters
across the country and abroad. They are assigned to work the most challenging parts of the fire and are considered strategic and tactical wildland fire
Hotshot_crew
Remains of a tree trunk
A tree stump is the remaining portion of a tree trunk and its roots that remain after a tree has been felled or has naturally fallen. The roots often
Tree_stump
Type of forest with high rainfall
and temperate rainforests have been subjected to heavy legal and illegal logging for their valuable hardwoods and agricultural clearance (slash-and-burn
Rainforest
Stable dispersion of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium
milky fluid, which is present in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms) and in some mushrooms (especially species of Lactarius). It is a complex emulsion
Latex
Timber of tropical hardwood species in the genus Swietenia
valued for its color, durability, and workability, and is used for furniture, cabinetry, boats, musical instruments, and other high‑quality wood products
Mahogany
Process of cutting, processing, and moving trees
method requires that slash be treated at the landing. In areas with access to cogeneration facilities, the slash can be chipped and used for the production
Logging
Windbreak forests planted in northern China
back the expansion of the Gobi Desert and provide timber to the local population. The program started in 1978 and is planned to complete around 2050, at
Great_Green_Wall_(China)
Method of agriculture
receiving end of the social stratum.[citation needed] Slash-and-char, as opposed to slash-and-burn, may create self-perpetuating soil fertility that
Shifting_cultivation
African Union project to reverse desertification
The Great Green Wall or Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel (French: Grande Muraille Verte pour le Sahara et le Sahel; Arabic: السور الأخضر
Great_Green_Wall_(Africa)
Type of wildfire, peat fire that burns from year to year
the winter under the snow and then becoming more intense during the summer. A study conducted from 2002–2018 in Alaska and the Northwest Territories found
Holdover_fire
Floating wood logs downriver to a sawmill
sawmills and pulp mills downstream using the current of a river. It was the main transportation method of the early logging industry in Europe and North
Log_driving
Industry involved in manufacture of paper and paperboard
The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based
Pulp_and_paper_industry
Method of woodland management
stumps are called stools. New growth emerges, and after a number of years, the coppiced trees are harvested, and the cycle begins anew. Pollarding is a similar
Coppicing
Subfamily of plants in the grass family
to 36 centimeters (14 in) in diameter and a weight of up to 450 kilograms (1,000 lb). It grows in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Asia
Bamboo
Removal of some plants to improve the growth of other plants
late thinnings (after 50 years) whereas other species have not for example slash pine. Due to such variability it is better to talk about a thinning régime
Thinning
Tree species native to South and Southeast Asia
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka, but is naturalised and cultivated in many countries in Africa and the Caribbean. Myanmar's teak forests
Teak
Farm for cash crops
established. In Brazil, coffee plantations would use slash-and-burn agriculture, tearing down rainforests and planting coffee trees that depleted the nutrients
Plantation
list of countries and territories of the world according to the total area covered by forests, based on data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization
List of countries by forest area
List_of_countries_by_forest_area
Intergovernmental policy forum
member states and permanent observers, the UNFF Secretariat, the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, Regional Organizations and Processes and Major Groups
United Nations Forum on Forests
United_Nations_Forum_on_Forests
Science and study of woody plants
dendron, "tree"; and Ancient Greek: -λογία, -logia, science of or study of) or xylology (Ancient Greek: ξύλον, ksulon, "wood") is the science and study of woody
Dendrology
Lightweight black carbon residue
structures, and workers of 15th-century Bohemia are widely depicted. Biomass briquettes Char cloth Charcoal in food Ember Slash-and-char Thomas Britton
Charcoal
Forest that has developed over a long period of time without disturbance
multi-layered canopies and canopy gaps, greatly varying tree heights and diameters, and diverse tree species and classes and sizes of woody debris. As
Old-growth_forest
This is a list of woods, most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade. Araucaria Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria
List_of_woods
Practice of controlling forests for timber production
(a) slash weight per merchantable unit volume against diameter at breast height (dbh), and (b) weight of fine slash (<1.27 cm) also against dbh, and produced
Silviculture
forests Communal forests of India Protected areas of India Reserved forests and protected forests of India Tropical rainforests of India List of countries
List_of_forests_in_India
American engineered wood company
name Superwood. The company was founded by materials engineer Liangbing Hu, and grew out of research led by Hu at the University of Maryland, College Park
InventWood
Process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs
each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking
Log_bucking
Farming approach
denitrifiers. Often thought of as inherently destructive, slash-and-burn or slash-and-char shifting cultivation have been practiced in the Amazon for thousands
Sustainable_agriculture
environmental history (Columbia UP, 2002). online 2007 edition Miller, Char. The Atlas of U.S. and Canadian Environmental History (2012) Nash, Roderick. The Rights
Environmental history of the United States
Environmental_history_of_the_United_States
Worker who performs the initial harvesting of trees
and transport of trees. The term usually refers to loggers in the era before 1945 in the United States, when trees were felled using hand tools and dragged
Lumberjack
Person responsible for spotting fires
are used in remote areas, normally on mountain tops with high elevation and a good view of the surrounding terrain, to spot smoke caused by a wildfire
Fire_lookout
Sap from birch trees
Betula papyrifera, and Betula fontinalis. Birch sap may be consumed both fresh and naturally fermented. When fresh, it is a clear and colourless liquid
Birch_sap
Skydiving wildland firefighters
distances carrying equipment and supplies. Traditional terrestrial crews can use only what they can carry and often require hours and days to reach fire on foot
Smokejumper
Climate change mitigation policy
gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and to promote conservation, sustainable forest management, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks
REDD+
Fibrous material from trees or other plants
Wood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. Being a natural material, it is characterized
Wood
bamboo is a grass, not a tree. Definitions of bamboo forests vary by country and may be contradictory. Bamboos often create communities that are almost entirely
Bamboo_forest
Selective removal of parts of a plant
practiced in horticulture (especially fruit tree pruning), arboriculture, and silviculture. The practice entails the targeted removal of diseased, damaged
Pruning
Occupation concerning the care of perennial woody plants
the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants in dendrology and horticulture.[citation needed]
Arborist
Facility where logs are cut into lumber
water-powered mills followed and by the 11th century they were widespread in Spain and North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, and in the next few centuries
Sawmill
Person who protects and preserves parklands
ranger, or forest ranger) is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving parklands and protected areas – private, national, state, provincial, or local
Park_ranger
Aboriginal Australian practice of regular burning
fire in ecosystems Biochar Fire regime Shifting cultivation Slash-and-burn Slash-and-char Terra preta Bird, R. Bliege; Bird, D.W.; Codding, B.F.; Parker
Fire-stick_farming
Dead tree
the term snag refers to trees, branches, and other pieces of naturally occurring wood found sunken in rivers and streams; it is also known as coarse woody
Snag_(ecology)
Edible vegetable oil from the fruit of oil palms
habitats, and greenhouse gas emissions which have threatened critically endangered species, such as the orangutan and Sumatran tiger. Slash-and-burn techniques
Palm_oil
The pulp and paper industry in Canada is a major component of the national forest sector and has long been one of the country's largest manufacturing
Pulp and paper industry in Canada
Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Canada
Science and craft of managing woodlands
science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and environmental
Forestry
in the area and composition of the nation's forests. Reversion of marginal farmland in the east, large scale planting in the South, and fire suppression
Forests_of_the_United_States
International organization
that promotes conservation of tropical forest resources and their sustainable management, use and trade. The organization was established under the International
International Tropical Timber Organization
International_Tropical_Timber_Organization
Multifunctional agro-sylvo-pastoral system
agrosylvopastoral system (a type of agroforestry) and cultural landscape of southern and central Spain and southern Portugal; in Portugal, it is known as
Dehesa
Maximum harvest without causing damage
disaster will require more of its own ecological yield to sustain itself and re-establish a mature forest. This results in a decrease of the forest's
Sustainable_yield
Harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws
rural areas, who received minimal education, employ a basic method of slash-and-burn to support their agricultural activities. This rudimentary agricultural
Illegal_logging
Component of fine particulate matter
air pollution, CO2 emissions, and deforestation. It has been estimated that by switching to slash-and-char from slash-and-burn agriculture, which turns
Black_carbon
Planting of trees in urban environments
large scale, in urban environments. It may also include urban horticulture and urban farming. Reasons for practicing urban reforestation include urban beautification;
Urban_reforestation
Technique to reduce potential fuel for wildfire through managed burning
world, the use of controlled burns in agriculture is often referred to as slash and burn. In industrialized nations, it is seen as one component of shifting
Controlled_burn
Management and study of trees and other woody plants
management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants. The science of arboriculture studies how these plants grow and respond
Arboriculture
Process of making objects from wood
items from wood, and includes cabinetry, furniture making, wood carving, joinery, carpentry, and woodturning. Along with stone, clay, and animal parts, wood
Woodworking
Person who practices forest management
A forester is a person who practises forest management and forestry, the science, art, and profession of managing forests. Foresters engage in a broad
Forester
Remnant of a wildfire
root systems of trees and shrubs, as well as peat and deep duff covering mineral soil. Holes created by animals, such as coyote and badger dens, can become
Ash_pit
Type of forest planted for high volume production of wood
Commission in Britain) and/or the paper and wood industries and other private landowners (such as Weyerhaeuser, Rayonier, and Sierra Pacific Industries
Tree_plantation
Lumberjack competitions
axes and saws in manners typical for lumberjacks. It was founded in 1985, and currently includes six different disciplines, with both professional and collegiate
Stihl_Timbersports_Series
Land use management system
is the Quesungual Slash and Mulch Agroforestry System in Lempira Department, Honduras. This region was historically used for slash-and-burn subsistence
Agroforestry
Collection of trees within a city, town or a suburb
of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements. In urban areas, sections of urban forest and remnant bushland are sometimes fenced
Urban_forest
Subfield of forestry and plant pathology
Forest pathology is a subfield of forestry and plant pathology that researches biotic and abiotic factors affecting the health of a forest ecosystem. This
Forest_pathology
Process by which latex is collected from a rubber tree
one-quarter inch (6.4 mm) with a hooked knife and peeling back the bark. Trees must be approximately six years old and six inches (150 mm) in diameter in order
Rubber_tapping
Wood from trees preserved in peat bogs
bogwood for aquaria; it is sometimes incorrectly labelled as bogwood or charred bogwood. Swamp kauri Sweet Track, a timber causeway in Somerset, England
Bog-wood
Dense collection of trees covering a relatively large area
acid rain, invasive species, and the slash and burn practices of swidden agriculture or shifting cultivation. The loss and re-growth of forests lead to
Forest
Forest type
terraces of rivers and streams. Bottomland forest is very rare in Europe. The bottomland hardwood forest is a type of deciduous and evergreen hardwood
Bottomland_forest
International sustainable agriculture organization
non-governmental organization (NGO) with staff in more than 20 countries and operations in more than 70 countries. It was founded in 1987 by Daniel Katz
Rainforest_Alliance
Method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings
timing of events and rates of change in the environment (most prominently climate) and also in wood found in archaeology or works of art and architecture
Dendrochronology
Forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest
forestation can be seen in regions where forests have been lost by the slash-and-burn method, a component of some shifting cultivation systems of agriculture
Secondary_forest
Logger who attaches cables to logs for retrieval by skidders or skylines
fallers will typically cut down all the trees and limb and buck them into logs before the choke setters and others arrive to remove the logs. New chokers
Choker_setter
A tree inventory is the gathering of accurate information on the health and diversity of a community forest. Tree inventories focus on the attributes
Tree_inventory
Chinese governmental agency
and Grassland Administration, concurrently known as the National Park Administration, is China's national bureau responsible for the supervision and management
National Forestry and Grassland Administration
National_Forestry_and_Grassland_Administration
Term for partnerships in forest movements
official and popular term in India for partnerships in forest movement involving both the state forest departments and local communities. The policies and objectives
Joint_Forest_Management
Forestry/logging practice in which most or all trees in an area are uniformly cut down
method). Slash-and-burn – the permanent conversion of tropical and subtropical forests for agricultural purposes. This is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical
Clearcutting
Timber intended for processing into wood pulp for paper production
pulpwood include loblolly and slash pines in the southern USA; various species of eucalyptus (most commonly Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus grandis) in
Pulpwood
Tree bark used for tanning
is taken from young branches and twigs in oak coppices and can be up to 4 mm thick; it is grayish-brown on the outside and brownish-red on the inner surface
Tanbark
Energy crop for power stations
reach their economically optimum size between 8 and 20 years old. Species used are selected on this basis and include alder, ash, southern beech, birch, Eucalyptus
Short_rotation_forestry
known trees and shrubs. Taxonomic families for the following trees and shrubs are listed in alphabetical order, likewise the genera and closely related
List of trees and shrubs by taxonomic family
List_of_trees_and_shrubs_by_taxonomic_family
Fallen wood in rivers
are the logs, sticks, branches, and other wood that falls into streams and rivers. This debris can influence the flow and the shape of the stream channel
Large_woody_debris
Greenhouse gas inventory sector
use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF), also referred to as forestry and other land use (FOLU) or agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU)
Land use, land-use change, and forestry
Land_use,_land-use_change,_and_forestry
Railway transport used for forestry tasks
cases this form of transport utilised narrow gauges, and were temporary in nature, and in rough and sometimes difficult to access terrain. Before the railway
Forest_railway
Method for land and forest regeneration
Reforestation is the practice of restoring previously existing forests and woodlands that have been destroyed or damaged. The prior forest destruction
Reforestation
The pulp and paper industry in Europe accounts for about a quarter of the world production and is a major employer. The leading producing countries are
Pulp and paper industry in Europe
Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Europe
Government of India organisation
conducts forest surveys, studies and researches to periodically monitor the changing situations of land and forest resources and present the data for national
Forest_Survey_of_India
Species of palm
it and bring back seeds was the French naturalist Michel Adanson. It is native to west and southwest Africa, specifically the area between Angola and The
Elaeis_guineensis
Recycling process
the early 1990s as issues such as deforestation and climate change prompted both timber suppliers and consumers to turn to a more sustainable timber source
Timber_recycling
Agricultural methods that capture carbon
gigatonnes) can be off-set annually in soil, if slash-and-burn is replaced by slash-and-char. Agriculture and forestry wastes could add some 0.16 gigatonnes/year
Carbon_farming
Cavity in tree, often used as habitat
prominent feature of natural forests and woodlands, and act as a resource or habitat for fungi and a number of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Hollows may
Tree_hollow
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