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Failed WWI Austro-Hungarian peace attempt
The Sixtus Affair (German: Sixtus-Affäre, Hungarian: Sixtus-ügy) was a failed attempt by Emperor Charles I of Austria to conclude a negotiated peace with
Sixtus_Affair
Italian aristocrat
Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma (German: Sixtus Ferdinand Maria Ignazio Alfred Robert von Bourbon-Parma; 1 August 1886 – 14 March 1934) was a member of
Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma
Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma
Empress-queen of Austria-Hungary from 1916 to 1918
(Prince Felix and Prince René had joined the Austrian army, while Prince Sixtus and Prince Xavier lived in France before the war and enlisted in the Belgian
Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma
Name list
Hong Kong activist and politician Pope Sixtus (disambiguation) Saint Sixtus (disambiguation) Sixtus Affair This page or section lists people that share
Sixtus
Charles I in order to obtain his support, but he was not involved in the Sixtus Affair negotiations. Before Germany could respond, Pope Benedict XV sent a
Peace efforts during World War I
Peace_efforts_during_World_War_I
Serbian army officer and conspirator
to the secret peace negotiations taking place with Vienna during the Sixtus Affair, filed charges of high treason against the leadership of Unification
Dragutin_Dimitrijević
Emperor of Austria from 1916 to 1918
willingness to make a separate peace. When news of what became known as the Sixtus Affair leaked in April 1918, Charles denied involvement until French Prime
Charles_I_of_Austria
Duke of Parma (1889–1977)
throne of Parma. He is also recognized as involved in the so-called Sixtus Affair of 1916–1917 and in the so-called Halifax-Chevalier talks of 1940. Xavier
Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma
Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma
Head of the Catholic Church from 1471 to 1484
Church. For the remainder of his pontificate, Sixtus turned to temporal issues and dynastic considerations. Sixtus IV sought to strengthen his position by surrounding
Pope_Sixtus_IV
Act by a warring party to initiate the peace process
brother-in-law, Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, an officer in the Belgian Army, as intermediary. The negotiations of the Sixtus Affair for a sued peace failed
Suing_for_peace
convince the new Austro-Hungarian Emperor Karl to leave the war in the Sixtus Affair. 8 2 "Somme, Early August 1916" Simon Wincer Story by : George Lucas
List of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles episodes
List_of_The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles_episodes
Bilateral relations
during World War I, using his brother-in-law Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma as intermediary. Sixtus and his brother Xavier leveraged family ties and contacts
Austria–France_relations
Heir to the Austrian throne (1912–2011)
Otto was born as Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius von Habsburg, third in line
Otto_von_Habsburg
S2CID 154930518. Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German
History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I
p. 91. ISBN 9781851099696. Edward P. Keleher, "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German
List of the last monarchs in Europe
List_of_the_last_monarchs_in_Europe
Head of the Catholic Church from 1585 to 1590
election to the papacy on 24 April 1585, with the title of Sixtus V to honour Pope Sixtus IV, also a Franciscan like himself. One of the things that commended
Pope_Sixtus_V
Central Powers military headquarters
Austria-Hungary, which was further humiliated in 1917 when, following the Sixtus Affair, Emperor Charles I was forced to apologise to German leaders and the
Supreme_War_Command
SPA Conference
fact, the conference in May, convened thanks to the revelation of The Sixtus Affair sanctioned the adoption of this political, military and economic supervision
Spa Conferences (First World War)
Spa_Conferences_(First_World_War)
Chronicles "Austria, March 1917" (aired September 21) Vic Armstrong The Sixtus Affair 1992 United States The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles "Somme, early
List_of_World_War_I_films
Czech diplomat and politician (1872–1932)
Central Powers. The Sixtus Affair, however, led to Count von Czernin's downfall. Emperor Karl I, using his brother-in-law Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma
Ottokar_Czernin
Polish diplomat and activist (1888–1960)
dynastic negotiation suing for peace with Austria. It became known as the Sixtus Affair and was a failure, due to Germany's refusal to cooperate, thus making
Józef_Retinger
Keegan 1998, p. 69. "Note remise par M. [Julien] Davignon, Ministre des Affaires étrangères, à M. de Below Saleske, Ministre d'Allemagne, Bruxelles, le
Timeline_of_World_War_I
Austro-Hungarian politician (1851–1922)
Czernin and returned to serve as Imperial Finance Minister. Following the Sixtus Affair, the position of Count Czernin had become untenable and on 15 April
Stephan_Burián_von_Rajecz
History of former Italian state
process initiated by their brother-in-law, the Emperor of Austria (Sixtus Affair). Prince François-Xavier assumed the role of head of the Carlist Bourbon-Parma
History of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
History_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza
1478 plot in the Republic of Florence
assassinate Lorenzo and Giuliano de' Medici, and approached Pope Sixtus for his support. Sixtus made it clear that it would benefit the papacy to have the Medici
Pazzi_conspiracy
Retrieved November 13, 2021. "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edmund Sixtus Muskie (1914–1996)". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original
List of United States secretaries of state
List_of_United_States_secretaries_of_state
Journal 34#1 (1991): 65–86. Edward P. Keleher, "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German
Diplomatic history of World War I
Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I
Day of the year
Gregorian calendar; 147 days remain until the end of the year. 258 – Pope Sixtus II is arrested while celebrating mass and then beheaded with several of
August_6
Hong Kong activist and politician
Sixtus "Baggio" Leung Chung-hang (Chinese: 梁頌恆; born 7 August 1986) is a Hong Kong activist and politician. He is the convenor of Youngspiration, a localist
Baggio_Leung
American politician and diplomat (1914–1996)
Edmund Sixtus Muskie (March 28, 1914 – March 26, 1996) was an American politician, attorney, diplomat, and naval officer who served as the 58th United
Edmund_Muskie
Title for Isabella I and Ferdinand II
their marriage under canon law, they were given a papal dispensation by Sixtus IV. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella
Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain
Italian noblewoman (1463–1509)
Caterina and Girolamo changed abruptly with the death of Sixtus IV on 12 August 1484. When Pope Sixtus IV died, Girolamo made many enemies in Rome. Therefore
Caterina_Sforza
Italian Jesuit cardinal and saint (1542–1621)
of theology. After the murder in that year of Henry III of France, Pope Sixtus V sent Enrico Caetani as legate to Paris to negotiate with the Catholic
Robert_Bellarmine
Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603
"She is only a woman, only mistress of half an island," marvelled Pope Sixtus V, "and yet she makes herself feared by Spain, by France, by the Empire
Elizabeth_I
Italian noble (1541–1585)
Vittoria Accoramboni, wife of Francesco Peretti, the nephew of the future Pope Sixtus V. Peretti was assassinated, it was believed by Paolo Giordano's order,
Paolo_Giordano_I_Orsini
Ancient Roman bridge in Rome
current bridge occurred between 1473 and 1479, and was commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV (r. 1471–84), after whom it is named, from the architect Baccio Pontelli
Ponte_Sisto
Roman Catholic basilica and landmark in Vatican City
the energetic Pope Sixtus V appointed Giacomo della Porta who was to be assisted by Domenico Fontana. The five-year reign of Sixtus was to see the building
St._Peter's_Basilica
Political and secular governmental activity of the popes of the Roman Catholic Church
superior rules") Sixtus V died before he could promulgate the bull which would have made this new edition of the Index enter into force. Sixtus' successor,
Temporal power of the Holy See
Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See
2016 Italian-British TV series
ally to the Pazzi family and Pope Sixtus IV Raoul Bova (season 2) and John Lynch (recurring season 3) as Pope Sixtus IV Louis Partridge as Piero de' Medici
Medici_(TV_series)
Cycle of frescoes by Michelangelo
large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. The ceiling was painted at the commission
Sistine_Chapel_ceiling
Italo-Spanish Renaissance noble family
generally believed to have been malaria. Two of Alexander's successors, Sixtus V and Urban VIII, described him as one of the most outstanding popes since
House_of_Borgia
Head of the Catholic Church from 1503 to 1513
Pope Sixtus IV paid a formal visit to the newly restored building on 1 May 1482, and it may be that Giuliano was already in residence then. Sixtus IV died
Pope_Julius_II
Urban patriciates of the Papal States' March of Ancona (16th–18th centuries)
closures in the March of Ancona, see Zenobi (1976). On 24 January 1587 Pope Sixtus V confirmed for the city of Jesi the hereditary closure of its General Council—originally
Civic nobility in the Papal States' March of Ancona
Civic_nobility_in_the_Papal_States'_March_of_Ancona
Day of the year
and Agapitus John Mason Neale (Episcopal Church (USA)) Nantovinus Pope Sixtus II August 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Filseta (Ethiopian and Eritrean
August_7
(1303–1494), Ist. St. italiano, Tip. Forzani, Roma 1890, pp. 155–156 Egmont Lee, Sixtus IV and Men of Letters, Rome, 1978 C. Falconi, Leone X, Milan, 1987 Those
List_of_sexually_active_popes
Library of the Holy See in Vatican City
the city-state's national library. It was formally established by Pope Sixtus IV on June 15, 1475, by the papal bull Ad decorem militantis ecclesiae,
Vatican_Library
1481 papal bull
[English: "Of the eternal king's [grace]"] was issued on 21 June 1481 by Pope Sixtus IV. It confirmed the substance of the Treaty of Alcáçovas, reiterating that
Aeterni_regis
Italian child
moneylending in 1479 and the expulsion of all Jews in 1486. On 3 August 1475, Pope Sixtus IV commanded Bishop Hinderbach to suspend judicial proceedings until the
Simon_of_Trent
Head of the Catholic Church from 1492 to 1503
della Rovere (the uncle of future Borgia rival Giuliano della Rovere) Pope Sixtus IV. Della Rovere's appeal was that he was a pious and brilliant Franciscan
Pope_Alexander_VI
British-American drama television series
Lorenzo de' Medici Lara Pulver as Clarice Orsini James Faulkner as Pope Sixtus IV – Francesco & Alessandro della Rovere (seasons 2–3; recurring season
Da_Vinci's_Demons
Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1558
and then exiled. Elizabeth, though protesting her innocence in the Wyatt affair, was imprisoned in the Tower of London for two months, then put under house
Mary_I
? 1630 Georg Ludwig, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg [de] 1550 1613 Paul Sixtus Trauston, Count of Falkenstein [de] 1550 1621 1613 Philip, Prince of Asturias
List of knights of the Golden Fleece
List_of_knights_of_the_Golden_Fleece
Austrian politician (1934–2022)
General Secretary Sixtus Lanner died at the age of 88". Der Standard (in Austrian German). 14 July 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022. "Sixtus Lanner, father of
Sixtus_Lanner
Italian noblewoman (1480–1519)
annulled. She is known to have retired to the cloistered Convent of Saint Sixtus Vecchio in Rome where she was given sanctuary by the Mother Superior in
Lucrezia_Borgia
American U.S. Army general (born 1952)
Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, the son of Miriam Sweet (née Howell), a librarian, and Sixtus Petraeus, a sea captain. His father was a Dutch merchant mariner who immigrated
David_Petraeus
Stoic philosopher, Roman emperor from 161 to 180
Middle Ages. It was replaced with a statue of Saint Paul in 1589 by Pope Sixtus V. The column of Marcus and the column of Trajan are often compared by scholars
Marcus_Aurelius
1588 apostolic constitution by Pope Sixtus V
is an apostolic constitution in the form of a papal bull issued by Pope Sixtus V on 22 January 1588. The constitution reorganized the Roman Curia, establishing
Immensa_aeterni_Dei
System of tribunals enforcing Catholic doctrine
(Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición) was authorized by Pope Sixtus IV in 1478 and the first inquisitors, Miguel de Morillo and Juan de San
Spanish_Inquisition
Museum in Rome, Italy
The Capitoline Museums traces the collection's origins to 1471, when Pope Sixtus IV donated to the people of Rome a collection of ancient bronzes from the
Capitoline_Museums
Branch of the Holy See that handles political and diplomatic functions
The Secretariat is divided into three sections: the Section for General Affairs, the Section for Relations with States, and, since 2017, the Section for
Secretariat of State (Holy See)
Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)
King of France from 1643 to 1715
imminent death in the spring of 1643, King Louis XIII decided to put his affairs in order for his four-year-old son Louis XIV. Not trusting the judgement
Louis_XIV
in 1561, and one for the Index in 1571. After the Council of Trent, Pope Sixtus V reorganized the administration of the Holy See on 22 January 1588 with
History_of_the_Roman_Curia
French statesman and clergyman (1585–1642)
prelate and statesman who had an outsized influence in civil and religious affairs. He became known as the Red Eminence (French: l'Éminence Rouge), a term
Cardinal_Richelieu
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1444–1446, 1451–1481)
later awarded the title "Athleta Christi" (Champion of Christ) by Pope Sixtus IV, who referred to him as "verus christianae fidei athleta" ("the true
Mehmed_II
daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan. She was engaged to Pope Sixtus IV's nephew, Girolamo Riario, at only 10 years of age, and consummated the
List of Assassin's Creed characters
List_of_Assassin's_Creed_characters
Head of the Catholic Church from 440 to 461
archdeacon, or for Pope Celestine I directly. Near the end of the reign of Pope Sixtus III, Leo was dispatched at the will of Emperor Valentinian III to settle
Pope_Leo_I
Head of the Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963
size of the College of Cardinals beyond its limit of seventy that Pope Sixtus V established in 1586. The pope also reserved three additional cardinals
Pope_John_XXIII
David Schütter, Florence Kasumba Action comedy Operation Naked [de] Mario Sixtus Sarah-Rebecca Gerstner Comedy Original Bliss [de] Sven Taddicken [de] Martina
List of German films of the 2010s
List_of_German_films_of_the_2010s
Italian painter and architect (1483–1520)
highly successful condottiere who had been created Duke of Urbino by Pope Sixtus IV – Urbino formed part of the Papal States – and who died the year before
Raphael
Period during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France (1309–1376)
English. Pope Boniface VIII protested, leading to a feud. This state of affairs culminated in the unbridled declaration of papal supremacy, Unam sanctam
Avignon_Papacy
Central text of Rabbinic Judaism
though his successor Sixtus V renounced this policy and preparations were made for a new edition of the Talmud, the successor of Sixtus V, Clement VIII Clement
Talmud
Pontifical university in Rome, Italy
hospitium in Rome. At that time St. Sixtus was no longer theirs; Conrad of Metz could not have alluded to St. Sixtus, therefore, when he said in 1221: "the
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas
Department of the Roman Curia
extraordinariis Regni Galliarum (Congregation on the Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Kingdom of France) that Pope Pius VI set up on 28 May 1793 to deal
Section for Relations with States
Section_for_Relations_with_States
Council of Christian bishops in Nicaea, 325
resurrection of Jesus occurred at the time of those observances. As early as Pope Sixtus I in the 2nd century, some Christians had set Easter to a Sunday in the
First_Council_of_Nicaea
Greek island in the Ionian Sea
Ionian Islands. Colburn and co. p. 126. Retrieved 6 July 2013. ...sister of Sixtus-Quintus, to the Book of Gold, the Holy Father having expressed his gratitude
Corfu
English Channel island near Normandy
from across the sea. As part of the peace between England and France, Pope Sixtus IV issued in 1483 a papal bull granting the "Privilege of Neutrality'",
Guernsey
York, New York: Basic Books. p. 298. ISBN 0-465-04195-7. "Muskie, Edmund Sixtus, (1914–1996)". United States Congress. Archived from the original on December
1972 United States presidential election
1972_United_States_presidential_election
Icon of the Virgin Mary
(431) in which the Mother of Jesus was acclaimed as Mother of God, Pope Sixtus III erected at Rome on the Esquiline Hill, a basilica dedicated to the honor
Salus_Populi_Romani
16th-century movement in Western Christianity
Heaven. In the early Age of Exploration, a succession of popes (Nicholas V, Sixtus IV, Alexander VI) successfully arbitrated territorial disputes between Spain
Reformation
Christian festival before Lent
festivities occur during the three days and nights preceding Ash Wednesday. Sixtus Eric Dias from Candolim was the King Momo for the Carnival 2021. All-night
Carnival
90302°N 12.45842°E / 41.90302; 12.45842 The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See was a dicastery of the Roman Curia, erected on 15 August
Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
Prefecture_for_the_Economic_Affairs_of_the_Holy_See
History of papacy from 30 AD to 313
Anterus, Fabian, Lucius I, Sixtus II, Alexander I, Eutychian, and Miltiades. A long inscription made in the period of Pope Sixtus III (around 440) outside
Papacy_in_early_Christianity
Deuterocanonical (apocryphal) book of the Old Testament
Haydock, Thomas Worthington, Richard Challoner, Giovanni Stefano Menochio, Sixtus of Siena, Robert Bellarmine, Charles François Houbigant, Jean-Baptiste Glaire
Book_of_Judith
Archduchess of Austria (1914–1971)
grandmother, Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony, and her mother's brother Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma. On 21 November 1916, Adelheid's great-granduncle, Emperor
Archduchess Adelheid of Austria
Archduchess_Adelheid_of_Austria
15th-century French archbishop and cardinal
d'Estouteville, he consecrated Pope Sixtus IV; therefore, all bishops consecrated by Sixtus IV are in the "d'Estouteville Line". Sixtus IV consecrated Pope Julius
Guillaume_d'Estouteville
Vatican City military force and papal bodyguard
body. The Pontifical Swiss Guard has its origins in the 15th century. Pope Sixtus IV (1471–1484) had allied with the Swiss Confederacy and built barracks
Swiss_Guard
Italian banking family and political dynasty
services, the Archbishop of Pisa, and even Pope Sixtus IV to a degree. The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he
House_of_Medici
Spanish theologian, canonist, curialist and philosopher
It is uncertain if he was asked to intervene by Bessarion. In 1471, Pope Sixtus IV appointed him to a commission to investiage the orthodoxy of Petrus de
Fernando_de_Córdoba
Head of the Catholic Church from 1878 to 1903
of the College of Cardinals had been set at 70 since the papacy of Pope Sixtus V, Leo XIII never exceeded nor reached the limit, only ever coming close
Pope_Leo_XIII
1867–1918 empire in Central Europe
Retrieved 9 May 2023. Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German
Austria-Hungary
Catholic appointments from 1922 to 1937
college had 68 members, two short of the maximum size of 70 set by Pope Sixtus V in 1586. In 1927, he accepted a cardinal's resignation, the only one to
Cardinals_created_by_Pius_XI
Jurisdiction of the Catholic Church and Vatican City
which is the central institution assisting the pope and through which the affairs of the Catholic Church are conducted. The Roman Curia includes dicasteries
Holy_See
City-state on the Italian Peninsula (1115–1569)
Pope Sixtus IV (who had also supported the conspiracy against the Medicis). Sixtus IV was "outraged" and excommunicated everyone in Florence. Sixtus sent
Republic_of_Florence
King of France from 1589 to 1610
strong enough to prevent a universal recognition of his new title. Pope Sixtus V excommunicated Henry and declared him ineligible to inherit the crown
Henry_IV_of_France
King of Spain from 1556 to 1598
took place just two days after their first meeting. Philip's view of the affair was entirely political. Lord Chancellor Stephen Gardiner and the House of
Philip_II_of_Spain
French diplomat and Catholic cardinal (1537–1604)
pope could not enter into direct friendly relations with an heretic, and Sixtus V was violently opposed to Henri IV; he had also excommunicated Henri III
Arnaud_d'Ossat
Countess of Colorno
godparents are Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (maternal aunt) and Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma (paternal uncle). She is the eldest granddaughter
Princess Margarita de Bourbon de Parme
Princess_Margarita_de_Bourbon_de_Parme
Neil Nunes, David Sedaris, Alan Bennett, Robert Peston, Jacob Rees-Mogg, Sixtus Rees-Mogg (as Maximus Decimus Meridius), Sue Barker, Martina Navratilova
List_of_Dead_Ringers_episodes
Italian cardinal deacon (1475–1507)
d'Arignano, the nominal husband of Vannozza dei Cattanei. More likely, Pope Sixtus IV granted Cesare a release from the necessity of proving his birth in a
Cesare_Borgia
Catholic diocese in Germany
diocese was afterwards further enlarged at the expense of Passau by Pope Sixtus IV. Towards the close of the fifteenth century the conflict between an Austrian
Diocese_of_Passau
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