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Historical Medieval city in Morocco
Sijilmasa (Arabic: سجلماسة; also transliterated Sijilmassa, Sidjilmasa, Sidjilmassa and Sigilmassa) was a medieval Moroccan city and trade entrepôt at
Sijilmasa
Kingdom in North Africa (1235–1554)
from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijilmasa and the Moulouya River in the west, Tuat to the south and the Soummam
Kingdom_of_Tlemcen
Family
Midrār) was a Berber dynasty that ruled the Sijilmasa region in Morocco from their capital of Sijilmasa, starting in the late 8th or early 9th century
Midrarid_dynasty
Region in Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco
Tafilalt or Tafilet (Arabic: تافيلالت), historically Sijilmasa, is a region of Morocco, centered on its largest oasis. There are many speculations regarding
Tafilalt
Alawite ruler of Tafilalt from 1631–1636
oasis region in the Ziz Valley of eastern Morocco; its capital city is Sijilmasa, which is, historically, an important terminus of the trans-Saharan trade
Sharif_ibn_Ali
Ruling dynasty of Morocco since 1631
an oasis region in the Ziz Valley in eastern Morocco and the site of Sijilmasa, historically an important terminus of the trans-Saharan trade routes
Alawi_dynasty
Country in North Africa
739, the Berbers formed other independent states such as the Miknasa of Sijilmasa and the Barghawata. The founder of the Idrisid dynasty and the great-grandson
Morocco
Fourth Islamic caliphate (909–1171)
Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah was retrieved from his temporary residence in Sijilmasa, a remote Moroccan city at the edge of the Sahara, and then accepted as
Fatimid_Caliphate
788–974 Arab dynasty ruling in the western Maghreb
Barghwata Confederacy on the Atlantic coast and the Midrarid Emirate in Sijilmasa. The founder of the Idrisid dynasty was Idris ibn Abdallah (788–791),
Idrisid_dynasty
dynasty that ruled the Tafilalt region and founded the city of Sijilmasa in 757. Sijilmasa was a medieval Moroccan city and trade entrepôt at the northern
History_of_Morocco
10th-century conquest
prisoner. Fez and Sijilmasa were captured and the Fatimid realm was extended to the Atlantic. The amir of Fez and Ibn Wasul of Sijilmasa were brought along
Fatimid campaigns in the western Maghreb (958–960)
Fatimid_campaigns_in_the_western_Maghreb_(958–960)
Trade between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa
journey. In the mid-14th century, Ibn Battuta crossed the desert from Sijilmasa via the salt mines at Taghaza to the oasis of Oualata. A guide was sent
Trans-Saharan_trade
Country in North Africa
Fatimid state. He then liberated Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi from prison in Sijilmasa and handed him power. Al-Mahdi declared himself Caliph in 910, becoming
Algeria
Rock formation in Morocco
Mdoura, is a horseshoe-shaped geological formation ("erosion cirque") near Sijilmasa, Morocco. In the 11th century it was developed into a fortress with a
Gara_Medouar
Isma'ili Imam and first Fatimid Caliph from 909 to 934
Salamiya, and flee first to Ramla, then Fustat in Egypt, and finally Sijilmasa in what is now Morocco. There he remained, living as a merchant, until
Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah
Moroccan sultan
to hold political power, they were until then the spiritual leaders of Sijilmasa. In 1633 Sidi Mohammed's father Moulay Sharif called his good friend Bou
Muhammad_ibn_Sharif
Marinid Sultan (r. 1310–1331)
Ali. However, Abu Sa'id Uthman granted Abu Ali an appanage centered on Sijilmasa in present day southern Morocco, which he would rule as a quasi-independent
Abu_Sa'id_Uthman_II
Maghrebi traveller and scholar (1304–1368/1369)
months before. Tangiers Tlemcen Tunis Fes Algiers Ténès Alexandria Cairo Sijilmasa Taghaza Oualata Niani Timbuktu Gao I-n-Azaoua Takedda Cagliari Marrakesh
Ibn_Battuta
Emir of Sijilmasa
الفتح واسول المدراري) (r. 942/943–958) was the tenth Midrarid emir of Sijilmasa. He was the first Midrarid ruler to adopt Maliki Sunni Islam. He was a
Muhammad_ibn_Wasul
Fatimid caliph from 934 to 946
in Egypt, before turning west and making for the remote oasis town of Sijilmasa in what is now Morocco. While there, the Isma'ili missionary (da'i) Abu
Al-Qa'im_(Fatimid_caliph)
10th-century Iraqi Isma'ili missionary
bribing the caravan leader to make haste, in late 905 they arrived in Sijilmasa, an oasis town in eastern Morocco, ruled by the Midrarid dynasty and a
Abu_Abdallah_al-Shi'i
Theologian and founder of Almoravid movement
Yahya ibn Umar taking the military command. In 1054 the Maghrawa-ruled Sijilmasa was conquered. Ibn Yasin introduced his orthodox rule - amongst other
Abdallah_ibn_Yasin
Abandoned salt-mining settlement in Mali
trans-Saharan trade. The salt pan is located 857 km (533 mi) south of Sijilmasa (in Morocco), 787 km (489 mi) north-northwest of Timbuktu (in Mali) and
Taghaza
Berber ethnic group
Ifriqiya the Fatimids conquered the realm of the Rustamids on the way to Sijilmasa which they also then briefly conquered and where Abdullāh al-Mahdī Billah
Kabyle_people
Almoravid currency
trans-Saharan trade routes. When Abu Bakr ibn Umar led the capture of the Sijilmasa oases from the Maghrawa, they occupied the northern point. In this position
Almoravid_dinar
Natural region in Algeria
Timbuktu. Caravans from the Sudan would continue northwards to towns such as Sijilmasa or Tlemcen. Tuat was a key stopping point on one of the major routes of
Touat
First Ruler of Alaouite Dynasty
as Sultan of Tafilalt, and went on to conquer Taza and assert power in Sijilmasa. He subjugated the northern coastal areas of Morocco, ending the rule
Al-Rashid_of_Morocco
1040–1147 Berber dynasty in west Africa and Iberia
and the trans-Saharan routes were taken over by the Zenata Maghrawa of Sijilmasa. The Maghrawa also exploited this disunion to dislodge the Sanhaja Gazzula
Almoravid_dynasty
Miknasa Berber leader who according to tradition founded the oasis town of Sijilmasa and became its second ruler. According to the traditional account, as
Samgu_ibn_Wasul_al-Miknasi
Arab tribe in Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Khlout
Medieval Berber tribal confederation
led by a Zenata Miknasa tribe, to which the foundation of the city of Sijilmasa is attributed. In 868, under the leadership of the Abd al-Razzaq, the
Zenata
Founder of the Zirid dynasty (died 971)
home he paraded the amir of Fez as well as the “Caliph” Ibn Wasul of Sijilmasa in cages in a very humiliating manner. Ziri ibn Manad was killed in battle
Ziri_ibn_Manad
Site of medieval town in Mauritania
controlled by a tribe of the Sanhaja and situated 50 stages south of Sijilmasa across the Sahara Desert. "It is the residence of their king who has no
Aoudaghost
Scholar from Fez
the Almohads. He was born in Fez (in present-day Morocco) and died in Sijilmasa. He is the author of Kitab al-nazar fi ahkam al-nazar bi-hassat al-basar
Ibn_al-Qattan
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Rahamna
Sultan of Morocco from 1672 to 1727
al-Alim received Souss and 3,000 cavalries. Moulay El-Mâmoun commanded Sijilmasa and received 500 cavalry. When he died, he was replaced two years later
Ismail_Ibn_Sharif
People of Morocco
739, the Berbers formed other independent states such as the Emirate of Sijilmasa and the Barghawata Confederation. After the Battle of Fakhkh in 786, Idris
Moroccans
al-Zanati, returned to Sijilmasa and expelled the Zirid governor there. This caused Buluggin to double back and march again on Sijilmasa, but he fell ill on
Zirid conquest of the western Maghreb
Zirid_conquest_of_the_western_Maghreb
conquer Sijilmasa, therefore bringing Sijilmasa and Tlemcen, the two most important outlets for trans-Saharan trade under one authority. Sijilmasa remained
History_of_Algeria
Ibadi ruling house in Algeria (777–909)
Wargla, and the Sufrites of Sijilmasa. The Rustamids established positive relations with the Midrarid dynasty of Sijilmasa and the Umayyads of Cordoba
Rustamid_dynasty
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
most of which had short and troubled histories. But others, such as Sijilmasa and Tlemcen, which straddled the principal trade routes, proved more viable
Berbers
Continent
trans-Saharan trade that linked their capital and Aoudaghost with Tahert and Sijilmasa in North Africa. Soninke tradition holds that the final founding of Wagadu
Africa
King of Mauretania (AD 21–40)
Messier, Ronald A.; Miller, James A. (2015). The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
Ptolemy_of_Mauretania
2016 Spanish film
aged sheikh is travelling towards the ancient (and now ruined) city of Sijilmasa. He seeks to reach his family so that he can die among his loved ones
Mimosas_(film)
Sanhaja Berber dynasty
and Sijilmasa in present-day Morocco. On their return home to the Fatimid capital they paraded the emir of Fez and the "Caliph" Ibn Wasul of Sijilmasa in
Zirid_dynasty
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Moroccan_Plan_of_Reforms
Early Islamic rebellious sect
Umayyad period. Around 750, the Sufri Midrarids established a dynasty in Sijilmasa, in modern Morocco. The dynasty survived until the Fatimid capture of
Kharijites
1912 treaty establishing French Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Treaty_of_Fes
Emir of Maghreb
meant loss of control over the Kalbids in Sicily. Buluggin took Fez, Sijilmasa, and most of Morocco to the Atlantic coast. During a campaign in Morocco
Buluggin_ibn_Ziri
Historical Moroccan figure
ibn Mazyad al-Aswad (died 772) was the first ruler of the oasis town of Sijilmasa, in what is now southeastern Morocco. According to the traditional account
Isa_ibn_Mazyad_al-Aswad
River in the south of Morocco and Algeria
irrigates palm groves and other crops as well as supplies domestic use. Sijilmasa, a historically important city founded on the banks of the Ziz river "مطعم
Ziz_River
Berber confederation in 10th–11th centuries
ibn Fulful ibn Khazar conquered Sijilmasa from the Banu Midrar, and in 980 were able to drive the Miknasa out of Sijilmasa as well. Khazrun sent the head
Maghrawa
Rural commune and town in Souss-Massa-Drâa, Morocco
principality quickly lost control over these cities to the lords of Aghmat and Sijilmasa. "Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2004" (PDF)
Igli,_Morocco
1921–1926 republic in Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Republic_of_the_Rif
of Tunisia (1956–1957) Morocco Emirate of Nekor (710–1019) Emirate of Sijilmasa (758–1055) Muhallabids (771–793, Ifriqiya) Idrisid dynasty (788–974) Almoravid
List of Muslim states and dynasties
List_of_Muslim_states_and_dynasties
Moroccan sultanate (1666–1912)
to acknowledge their control over all the territory west and south of Sijilmasa. Unable to oppose them, Sidi Mohammed instead decided to expand in the
Alawi_Sultanate
1975 military event
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Green_March
1510–1659 state in Morocco and Northwest Africa
uncontested in the Sous. He went on to conquer the Dra'a Valley and then as far Sijilmasa in the Tafilalt in 1631. The Dala'iyya, an important Sufi brotherhood
Saadi_Sultanate
converts led by Abd al-Aziz. 767: Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan. 772: Battle of Janbi in North Africa.
Timeline of the history of Islam (8th century)
Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam_(8th_century)
Berber Muslim dynasty, 1244–1465
of the 13th century. The Banu Marin first frequented the area between Sijilmasa and Figuig, at times reaching as far as the Zab. They moved seasonally
Marinid_dynasty
Moroccan anti-colonial national liberation movement
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Revolution of the King and the People
Revolution_of_the_King_and_the_People
Travelogue written by Ibn Battuta
autumn of 1351, Ibn Battuta left Fez and made his way to the town of Sijilmasa on the northern edge of the Sahara in present-day Morocco. There he bought
The_Travels_of_Ibn_Battuta
1121–1269 Berber empire in North Africa and Iberia
Ronald A.; Miller, James A. (2015-06-15). The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76665-5
Almohad_Caliphate
Empire in West Africa from c. 1235 to 1610
the Musafa servants who dug the salt and lived on dates imported from Sijilmasa and the Dar'a valley, camel meat and millet imported from the Sudan. The
Mali_Empire
1844 war between France and Morocco
Ronald A. Messier, James A. Miller (2015). The Last Civilized Place Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. University of Texas Press. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-292-76667-9
Franco-Moroccan_War
740–743 Berber secession from the Umayyad Caliphate
Tamesna by 744, Emirate of Tlemcen by 742 and the Midrarid emirate in Sijilmasa by 758, while Arab hold would last over Al-Andalus and Ifriqiya. Later
Berber_Revolt
Large-caliber gun
siege machines by the Marinid sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf at the siege of Sijilmasa in 1274. The passage by Ibn Khaldun on the Marinid siege of Sijilmassa
Cannon
Andalusian military leader and statesman (c. 938–1002)
a large garrison. In May of 978, the Zenata tribes seized the city of Sijilmasa, at the northern end of the trans-Saharan gold, salt and textile trading
Almanzor
History of the Berber people who converted to Islam
one ta qobe-tt (little dome). Other regions and tribes, however, like Sijilmasa and Tilimsan—which straddled the principal trade routes—proved more viable
Berbers_and_Islam
12th century kingdom in West Africa
approximately 1203. A letter sent by Abu’l-Rabi, the Almohad governor of Sijilmasa, "to the king of the Sudàn in Ghàna" in 1199 refers to their difference
Sosso_Empire
Arab tribe
At one time they controlled the area between the Moulouya river and Sijilmasa, in addition to Taza and Tadla. They were the second most numerous Ma'qil
Banu_Ma'qil
Site of medieval town in Souss-Massa, Morocco
Trans-Saharan trade route, linking Nul (Asrir), Ouadane, and Awdaghust to Sijilmasa, Massa and N'fis. The city was founded in the second century BC by the
Tamdoult
Northernmost region of Africa
started to form their own polities in response in places such as Fez and Sijilmasa. In the eleventh century, a reformist movement made up of members that
North_Africa
Zenata Berber tribe
Tiaret. The Miknasa adopted Kharijism-Islam and established the Emirate of Sijilmasa, under the Midrarid dynasty, on the northern edge of the Sahara in 757
Miknasa
Lamtuna Berbers. He made Marrakesh the capital of the Almohads. A Jew from Sijilmasa named Solomon reported that during Abd al-Mu’mins conquest of Fez 100
Almohad conquest of Marrakesh (1147)
Almohad_conquest_of_Marrakesh_(1147)
under the guise of being a merchant, and his son had made their way to Sijilmasa, fleeing persecution by the Abbasids. Imam Abdullah founded Fatimid Caliphate
Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine
1472–1554 Berber dynasty ruling Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Wattasid_dynasty
Calendar year
lines, is set to a melody during the Tang Dynasty (approximate date). Sijilmasa (in present-day Morocco) is founded as the departure point for caravans
800
Berber tribe in northern Algeria
revealed the name of his master, Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah, and went to Sijilmasa, where he was held, to escort him to Kairouan. On the way, the Kutama
Kutama
Calendar year
Morocco and Algeria. In particular, he conquers the cities of Tangier, Sijilmasa and Tlemcen. King Ksemagupta dies of a fever after a hunting party. He
958
Region of northern Algeria inhabited by Kabyle people
Ifriqiya, the Fatimids conquered the realm of the Rustamids on the way to Sijilmasa which they also briefly conquered. There the imprisoned Abdullāh al-Mahdī
Kabylia
contemporaries included the heretical Barghawata state and the Khariji state of Sijilmasa. After, several Berbers formed more powerful Islamic dynasties that reigned
Islam_in_Morocco
Fertile area in a desert environment
Morocco Drâa-Tafilalet Rissani Oasis 760 Wadi Morocco Drâa-Tafilalet Sijilmasa Oasis 760 Wadi Morocco Drâa-Tafilalet Skoura Oasis 1224 Wadi Morocco Drâa-Tafilalet
Oasis
a campaign led by the Saadi dynasty and commanded by the governor of Sijilmasa with the aim of establishing Saadi rule in the region, however the expedition
Expedition_to_Touat_(1557)
Urban commune and town in Gao Region, Mali
wind-blown sand. The more direct route was replaced by one that went to Sijilmasa before heading south across the Sahara. In the 10th century, Gao was already
Gao
Kingdoms and empires centered in the Sahel
through the trans-Saharan trade routes linking Aoudaghost with Tahert and Sijilmasa in north Africa following the introduction of the camel to the western
Sahelian_kingdoms
most of which had short and troubled histories. Others, however, like Sijilmasa and Tilimsan, which straddled the principal trade routes, proved more
Algeria_in_the_Middle_Ages
1860 treaty between Morocco and Spain
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Treaty_of_Wad_Ras
Anti-colonial protests in Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Casablanca_Uprisings_of_1952
communities in oases and towns. As the Almoravids incorporated the cities of Sijilmasa, Awdaghust, and Aghmat, they came to rule over their Jewish communities
History of the Jews in Morocco
History_of_the_Jews_in_Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Economy_of_Morocco
Commune and town in Hodh Ech Chargui, Mauritania
become part of the Mali Empire. An important trans-Saharan route began at Sijilmasa and passed through Taghaza with its salt mines and ended at Oualata. The
Oualata
Arab Hilal tribe living in Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Beni_Khirane
1963 conflict between Algeria and Morocco
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Sand_War
Archaeological site in Rabat, Morocco
Zilil Iulia Valentia Banasa Iulia Campestris Babba Lixus Rirha Sala Colonia Sijilmasa Tagmadert Tamdoult Tamuda Thamusida Thymiaterium Vobrix Volubilis
Chellah
al-Din Muhammad Rumi. 1274: Death of Nasir al-Din Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Ziyyanids. Ninth Crusade under Edward I of England. The crusade
Timeline of the history of Islam (13th century)
Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam_(13th_century)
important centers of trans-Saharan commerce such as the Draa valley, Sijilmasa, Touat, and Taghaza. Sidi Ali Bou Dmia's hegemony, however, was threatened
Tazerwalt
1591–1833 Moroccan polity in West Africa
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
Pashalik_of_Timbuktu
1912–1956 French protectorate in northwest Africa
conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th
French protectorate in Morocco
French_protectorate_in_Morocco
Ruling dynasty of the Fatimid Caliphate
Abdallah turned westward, and established himself at the oasis town of Sijilmasa, in what is now southwestern Morocco, in August 905. In the meantime,
Fatimid_dynasty
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