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The selenium cycle is a biological cycle of selenium similar to the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Within the cycle, there are organisms which
Selenium_cycle
Chemical element with atomic number 34 (Se)
Selenium is a chemical element; it has symbol Se and atomic number 34. It has various physical appearances, including a brick-red powder, a vitreous black
Selenium
Methane cycle – Ozone–oxygen cycle – Phosphorus cycle – Selenium cycle – Silica cycle – Supercontinent cycle – Vanadium cycle – Wilson cycle – Zinc cycle Agricultural
List_of_cycles
Chemical transfer pathway between Earth's biological and non-biological parts
biogeochemical cycles for many other elements, such as for oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, sulfur, mercury and selenium. There are also cycles for molecules
Biogeochemical_cycle
Selenium is an essential mineral micronutrient for animals, though it is toxic in large doses. In plants, it sometimes occurs in toxic amounts as forage
Selenium_in_biology
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
J.; Guy, B.M.; et al. (1 August 2015). "The evolution of the global selenium cycle: Secular trends in Se isotopes and abundances". Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Great_Oxidation_Event
biogeochemical cycles for the elements calcium, carbon, hydrogen, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, and sulfur; molecular cycles for water and
Marine_biogeochemical_cycles
Selenium-enriched yeast extract sold as animal fodder additive
Selenium yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) grown in a selenium-rich media. It contains selenium in the form of organic and inorganic compounds
Selenium_yeast
Biogeochemical cycle
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Unlike
Phosphorus_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial
Nitrogen_cycle
Chemical reaction
The Riley oxidation is a selenium dioxide-mediated oxidation of methylene groups adjacent to carbonyls. It was first reported by Harry Lister Riley and
Riley_oxidation
Eating edible seeds to alter menstrual cycle
vitamin E, selenium, and healthy fats, all of which may support progesterone synthesis and contribute to reducing inflammation. A typical seed cycling routine
Seed_cycling
Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth
The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous change in form of water on, above and
Water_cycle
Geochemical transformation of silicate rocks
The carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle, also known as the inorganic carbon cycle, describes the long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate
Carbonate–silicate_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle of sulfur
The sulfur cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which the sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems. It is important in geology as it affects
Sulfur_cycle
Tributary of the Colorado River in Colorado, United States
climbing. Contamination of the Gunnison River with selenium and mercury results from irrigation of high-selenium soils derived from the Mancos Shale and from
Gunnison_River
Hydrogen exchange between the living and non-living world
The hydrogen cycle consists of hydrogen exchanges between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) sources and sinks of hydrogen-containing compounds
Hydrogen_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The ozone–oxygen cycle is the process by which ozone is continually regenerated in Earth's stratosphere, converting ultraviolet radiation (UV) into heat
Ozone–oxygen_cycle
Chemical compound
Huawei; Wu, Min; Botnen, James H. (2009). "Methylselenol, a Selenium Metabolite, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in G1 Phase and Apoptosis via the Extracellular-Regulated
Methaneselenol
Chemical compound
atom is replaced with a selenium atom. Methylselenocysteine is found in many vegetables: "as much as 80% of the total selenium" found in Allium species
Methylselenocysteine
Biogeochemical cycle
The mercury cycle is a biogeochemical cycle influenced by natural and anthropogenic processes that transform mercury through multiple chemical forms and
Mercury_cycle
The lead cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of lead through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, which has been influenced by anthropogenic
Lead_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The fluorine cycle is the series of biogeochemical processes through which fluorine moves through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere
Fluorine_cycle
Technology to turn coal into syngas
An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a technology using a high pressure gasifier to turn coal and other carbon based fuels into pressurized
Integrated gasification combined cycle
Integrated_gasification_combined_cycle
Biological oxidation of ammonia/ammonium to nitrate
intermediary nitrite. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate
Nitrification
Movement of water in the deep Earth
The deep water cycle, or geologic water cycle, involves exchange of water with the mantle, with water carried down by subducting oceanic plates and returning
Deep_water_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which aluminum is moved through the environment by natural and anthropogenic processes. The biogeochemical cycle
Aluminum_cycle
The arsenic (As) cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of natural and anthropogenic exchanges of arsenic with the environment. The cycle is of interest because
Arsenic_cycle
Environmental impact of agricultural and industrial nitrogen
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human_impact_on_the_nitrogen_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The chromium cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of chromium through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. Chromium has two common oxidation
Chromium_cycle
The zinc cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that transports zinc through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Zinc-containing minerals in the Earth's
Zinc_cycle
Transformation of atmospheric carbon between various forms
The atmospheric carbon cycle accounts for the exchange of gaseous carbon compounds, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), between Earth's atmosphere, the oceans
Atmospheric_carbon_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The boron cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of boron through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. Boron in the atmosphere is derived
Boron_cycle
Ocean/atmosphere carbon exchange process
The oceanic carbon cycle (or marine carbon cycle) is composed of processes that exchange carbon between various pools within the ocean as well as between
Oceanic_carbon_cycle
Rechargeable battery type often used in motor vehicles
shorter lifespan) than cells with lead–selenium alloy grids. The open-circuit effect is a dramatic loss of battery cycle life, which was observed when calcium
Lead–acid_battery
The lithium cycle (Li) is the biogeochemical cycle of lithium through the lithosphere and hydrosphere. In the diagram above, lithium sinks are described
Lithium_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The gold cycle is the biogeochemical cycling of gold through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Gold is a noble transition metal
Gold_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+
The iron cycle (Fe) is the biogeochemical cycle of iron through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. While Fe is highly abundant in
Iron_cycle
Exchange of vanadium between continental crust and seawater
The global vanadium cycle is controlled by physical and chemical processes that drive the exchange of vanadium between its two main reservoirs: the upper
Vanadium_cycle
Automation testing software tool
developed by Katalon, Inc. The software uses open-source automation frameworks Selenium, Appium and provides an IDE interface for web, API, mobile and desktop
Katalon_Studio
The iodine cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that primarily consists of natural and biological processes that exchange iodine through the lithosphere, hydrosphere
Iodine_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The silica cycle is the biogeochemical cycle in which biogenic silica is transported between the Earth's systems. Silicon is one of the most abundant
Silica_cycle
Study of chemical cycles of the earth related to biological activity
are biogeochemical cycles for chemical elements, such as for calcium, carbon, hydrogen, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, iron and sulfur
Biogeochemistry
Conversion of dinitrogen into ammonia
production by lightning. Nitrogen fixation is a key component of the nitrogen cycle and is essential to life on Earth, as all vital organic compounds such as
Nitrogen_fixation
Transfer of calcium between dissolved and solid phases
The calcium cycle is a transfer of calcium between dissolved and solid phases. There is a continuous supply of calcium ions into waterways from rocks
Calcium_cycle
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
tellurium. Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium and astatine. On a standard periodic table, all eleven elements
Metalloid
Set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system
nutrients is cyclic. Mineral cycles include the carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually
Nutrient_cycle
Substance that an organism uses to live
while all other chemicals are inorganic. Inorganic nutrients include iron, selenium, and zinc, while organic nutrients include, protein, fats, sugars and vitamins
Nutrient
Species of yeast
vitamins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in selenium-rich media to produce a yeast rich in organic selenium compounds that can be more easily absorbed
Saccharomyces_cerevisiae
fertilizer and by atmospheric pollution. The nitrogen cycle is one of the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. It involves the conversion of nitrogen into different
Lichens_and_nitrogen_cycling
Biogeochemical cycling of chlorine
The chlorine cycle (Cl) is the biogeochemical cycling of chlorine through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Chlorine is most commonly
Chlorine_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The manganese cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of manganese through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. There are bacteria that oxidise
Manganese_cycle
Movement of carbon through Earth's mantle and core
carbon cycle (or slow carbon cycle) is geochemical cycle (movement) of carbon through the Earth's mantle and core. It forms part of the carbon cycle and
Deep_carbon_cycle
The copper cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of natural and anthropogenic exchanges of copper between reservoirs in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere
Copper_cycle
Natural process of Cadmium deposition
The cadmium cycle is a biogeochemical cycle of dispersion and deposition of cadmium through the atmosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, and hydrosphere. Cadmium
Cadmium_cycle
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
tube diodes, wet chemical cells, mercury-arc valves, stacks of copper and selenium oxide plates, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other
Rectifier
Hair that covers a dogs body
and discoloration of the coat. Selenium is another one of the many trace minerals essential for a dog's diet. Selenium is typically required in lower
Dog_coat
Poisoning caused by mercury chemicals
neurological symptoms associated with erethism. Mercury irreversibly inhibits selenium-dependent enzymes (see below) and may also inactivate S-adenosyl methionine
Mercury_poisoning
Mechanism that maintains marine microbial diversity
specifically various microorganisms in the water column. This allows for constant cycling of this dissolved organic matter. Stratification of the water column due
Viral_shunt
Device used to produce electricity from light
father's laboratory. Willoughby Smith first described the "Effect of Light on Selenium during the passage of an Electric Current" in a 20 February 1873 issue
Solar_cell
Nuclear energy and weapons facility in Seversk, Russia
later - centrifugal separation. A number of stable isotopes of xenon, tin, selenium, etc. are also produced. Sublimation plant (NW) - processing of uranium-containing
Siberian_Chemical_Combine
Semiconductor light source
product. Cycling: LEDs are ideal for uses subject to frequent on-off cycling, unlike incandescent and fluorescent lamps that fail faster when cycled often
Light-emitting_diode
Species of mushroom, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere
contains appreciable amounts of selenium, a trace mineral, although the bioavailability of mushroom-derived selenium is low. Boletus edulis fruit bodies
Boletus_edulis
Biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor
and is efficiently recycled in the marine environment through the silica cycle. Distance from land masses, water depth and ocean fertility are all factors
Siliceous_ooze
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
These include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and mixtures of arsenic, selenium, and tellurium in a variety of proportions. These compounds share with
Semiconductor
Solid carbon stored in global soils
and soil structure. Soil carbon is a carbon sink in the global carbon cycle, playing a role in biogeochemistry, climate change mitigation. As such,
Soil_carbon
Species of fish
vitamins such as B1, B2, E, D and niacin. Minerals such as phosphorus, selenium, zinc and potassium are also present, along with traces of magnesium, copper
Japanese_eel
Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
form the basis of all known life on Earth, and the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle provides a small portion of the energy produced by the Sun, and most of
Carbon
Earth's most severe extinction event
Foriel, Julien; Buick, Roger; Schoepfer, Shane D. (2 September 2015). "Selenium isotope ratios, redox changes and biological productivity across the end-Permian
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
MDMA analogue
Others Amphetamines: ODMA SeDMA TDMA Unknown: MYCO-002 MYCO-006 MYCO-007 Cyclized phenethylamines 2-Aminoindanes 5-IAI BFAI ETAI MDAI MDMAI MEAI (5-MeO-AI;
SeDMA
Non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle
H, Keyhani A, et al. (February 2019). "A Novel Niosomal Combination of Selenium Coupled with Glucantime against Leishmania tropica". The Korean Journal
Niosome
German physicist (1878–1913)
practical applications making use of the light-sensitivity properties of selenium, which he employed in developing wireless telephony using line-of-sight
Ernst_Ruhmer
Study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for normal plant life
food or animal feed is grown on selenium-deficient soils. The use of inorganic selenium fertilizers can increase selenium concentrations in edible crops
Plant_nutrition
Mechanical device to convert alternating current to direct current
Solid-state technology was in its infancy, represented by copper oxide and selenium rectifiers. All of these gave excessive forward voltage drop at high currents
Mechanical_rectifier
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
molecule and two parts of acetylene into pyridine is called Bönnemann cyclization. This modification of the Reppe synthesis can be activated either by
Pyridine
American nuclear chemist
Department of Energy's Isotope & Fuel Cycle Technology Division investigating industrial uses of nickel-63 and selenium-75. Phelps was raised in Tennessee
Clarice_Phelps
Multi center clinical trial
citizens aged 70 to 88. 443 participants given combined supplementation of selenium and CoQ10 or a placebo. There was a significant reduction (p = 0.015) of
Q-Symbio
Species of protist
obtained by supplementing cultures with selenium, which is present in soil. The influence of soil-derived selenium on growth suggests that Pyrodinium requires
Pyrodinium
Pharmaceutical compound
intracellular lactate availability may be a key mediator of the hair growth cycle, with low lactate levels resulting in dormancy or the telogen stage and
Suvomipic
Pharmaceutical compound
he considered it noteworthy as the only psychedelic drug to contain a selenium atom. The chemical synthesis of 2C-Se has been described. 2C-Se was first
2C-Se
Enzyme family protecting the organism from oxidative damages
in humans. Mammalian GPx1, GPx2, GPx3, and GPx4 have been shown to be selenium-containing enzymes, whereas GPx6 is a selenoprotein in humans with cysteine-containing
Glutathione_peroxidase
Edible plant in the family Amaranthaceae
quinoa crop prices tripled between 2006 and 2014, entering a boom and bust cycle. The quinoa monoculture that arose from increased production, combined with
Quinoa
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
melatonin, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, myo-inositol, zinc or selenium) has not been associated with a significantly increased live birth rate
In_vitro_fertilisation
Species of shark
Adams, Douglas H.; Reyier, Eric A.; Basu, Niladri (2011). "Mercury and selenium levels in lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in relation to a harmful
Lemon_shark
Clade of insects
phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and trace minerals iron, zinc, copper, and selenium. While bee brood is high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids,
Bee
First successful type of transistor, developed in 1947
needed] making it necessary to remove power for a short time in each machine cycle to return them to the off-state. Crystal radio Duodiode Transistron "1947:
Point-contact_transistor
Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I)
of 2022, no neutral binary selenium iodide has been unambiguously identified at any temperature. Sulfur-iodine and selenium-iodine polyatomic cations (e
Iodine
Common name for several fish, but mainly the demersal genus Gadus
examples have shown that increasing dietary levels of minerals such as selenium, iodine and zinc may improve survival and/or biomarkers for health in aquaculture
Cod
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
operator Ω 2 = Ω {\displaystyle \Omega ^{2}=\Omega } , defined in terms of the cycle matrix of the graph. The equation provides a concise mathematical description
Memristor
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
S-adenosyl methionine, coenzyme A, ferredoxin, molybdopterin, corrins and selenium. Its genetic code required nucleoside modifications and S-adenosylmethionine-dependent
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
December 2012. CNO cycle# CNO cycle#CNO-I CNO cycle#CNO-II CNO cycle#CNO-III CNO cycle#CNO-IV CNO cycle#HCNO-I CNO cycle#HCNO-II CNO cycle#HCNO-III Nuclear
Nuclear_fusion
Terrestrial ecosystem
pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 23 (2). doi:10.1029/2008GB003327. ISSN 1944-9224. Hawkins, Heidi-Jayne;
Mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon storage
Mycorrhizal_fungi_and_soil_carbon_storage
Species of grass
Juncus xiphioides can be used to clean the environment from the selenium. Selenium as a pollutant can cause plants to have multiple vital systems, such
Juncus_xiphioides
1979 book by Bruno Latour
the selenium content in the water: they checked to see where the assay worked; and indeed, Slovik's idea was right, it worked wherever the selenium content
Laboratory_Life
Pharmaceutical compound
families. It is the analogue of the psychedelic drug 2C-Se in which the selenium (Se) atom has been replaced with a tellurium (Te) atom. These elements
2C-Te
Conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity
using silver selenide in place of copper oxide, although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity. Following
Solar_power
Potential hazard from consuming fish
Jersey and Sweden, that take into account selenium as well as mercury levels. Fish often do contain selenium in conjunction with bioaccumulated mercury
Mercury_in_fish
Protein-coding gene in humans
and levels of Runx2 throughout the cell cycle contribute to cell cycle entry and exit, as well as cell cycle progression. These functions are especially
RUNX2
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
colon cancer. In the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT study), vitamin E – alone or combined with selenium – had no effect on the
Antioxidant
Transparent variety of gypsum
of water), with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. Selenite contains no selenium; the similar names both derive from Greek selḗnē (σελήνη 'Moon'). Some
Selenite_(gypsum)
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