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Graph output by a seismograph
A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms typically
Seismogram
A synthetic seismogram is the result of forward modelling the seismic response of an input earth model, which is defined in terms of 1D, 2D, or 3D variations
Synthetic_seismogram
Scales to describe earthquake strength
determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured
Seismic_magnitude_scales
Instrument that records seismic waves by measuring ground motions
paper (see picture) or film, now recorded and processed digitally—is a seismogram. Such data is used to locate and characterize earthquakes, and to study
Seismometer
Scientific study of earthquakes and propagation of elastic waves through a planet
Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology
Seismology
Point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter in an earthquake
first seismogram, which allowed precise timing of the first ground motion, and an accurate plot of subsequent motions. From the first seismograms, as seen
Epicenter
Major earthquakes in the Turkey–Syria border region
Seismogram
2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquakes
Vibrational energy transfer in Earth or other planetary body
is possible when timing is measured directly by cross-correlation of seismogram waveforms. Adams–Williamson equation Helioseismology Reflection seismology
Seismic_wave
1995 domestic terrorism bombing in Oklahoma City
; Ryberg, Trond; Brocher, Thomas M.; Dietel, Christopher M. (1996). "Seismograms Offer Insight into Oklahoma City Bombing". Eos, Transactions American
Oklahoma_City_bombing
instance, to visualize a seismogram, as wiggle traces $ suxwigb < seismogram.su or as an image plot $ suximage < seismogram.su It is also possible, to
Seismic_Unix
Measure of the strength of earthquakes
also recruited the young and unknown Charles Richter to measure the seismograms and locate the earthquakes generating the seismic waves. In 1931, Kiyoo
Richter_scale
Earthquake in Morocco
Seismogram
2023_Al_Haouz_earthquake
Boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle
discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Mohorovičić, when he observed that seismograms from shallow-focus earthquakes had two sets of P-waves and S-waves, one
Mohorovičić_discontinuity
Body-waves consist of P waves that are the first to arrive (see seismogram), or S waves, or reflections of either. Body-waves travel through rock directly
Body_wave_magnitude
vertical axis (note the 1 cm scale bar at the bottom for scale). The seismograms are arranged vertically by distance from the epicentre in degrees. The
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
Sudden movement of the Earth's crust
caused by inhomogeneities of subsurface structure. By such analysis of seismograms, the Earth's core was located in 1913 by Beno Gutenberg. S waves and
Earthquake
American seismologist (born 1959)
1959) is an American-born seismologist who specializes in examining seismograms to explore features within the Earth. He received the American Geophysical
John_Vidale
Reconstruction of a filtered signal
develop the "convolutional model" of a reflection seismogram. This model assumes that the recorded seismogram s(t) is the convolution of an Earth-reflectivity
Deconvolution
Megathrust earthquake off Japan's east coast
A seismogram recorded in Massachusetts, United States
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami
Instrument for measuring strength of earthquakes
also recruited the young and unknown Charles Richter to measure the seismograms and locate the earthquakes generating the seismic waves. In 1931 Kiyoo
Wood–Anderson_seismometer
Overseas department of France
about 15 miles (24 km) off the coast of Mayotte. It was recorded by seismograms in many places, including Kenya, Chile, New Zealand, Canada, and Hawaii
Mayotte
1923 megathrust earthquake in Japan
Activities for Two Days after the 1923 Kanto Earthquake (M=7.9) Inferred from Seismograms at Gifu Observatory". Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved
Great_Kantō_Earthquake
Volcanic caldera in the United states
States Geological Survey. Retrieved April 29, 2020. "UUSS Webicorder (Seismogram) at Lake for December 31, 2008". Retrieved January 1, 2009.[dead link]
Yellowstone_Caldera
"New constraints on the 1922 Atacama, Chile, earthquake from Historical seismograms". Geophysical Journal International. 219 (1): 645–661. doi:10.1093/gji/ggz302
Lists_of_earthquakes
British geophysicist (born 1927)
355-382. Anstey, N. A., 1960, Attacking the problems of the synthetic seismogram: ‘’Geophys. Prosp.’’, Eur. Assn. Geosci. Eng., 08, 242-259. Anstey, N
Nigel_Anstey
Moving wave that has oscillations perpendicular to the direction of the wave
"primary waves", or "P-waves" in geophysics, because they appear first in a seismogram due to their higher propagation velocity in comparison with shear waves
Transverse_wave
waves only – is based on the realization that on a recorded earthquake seismogram, the total length of the seismic wavetrain – sometimes referred to as
Earthquake_duration_magnitude
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (1 April 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
List of nuclear weapons tests of China
List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_China
Collegiate football team representing Louisiana State University
Times. December 1986. "A Bull's-Eye for a New Archer". "LSU vs Auburn seismogram, October 08, 1988 :: LSU University Archives Print Materials Collection"
LSU_Tigers_football
deconvolution of the incoming vertical and longitudinal components of the seismogram, which removes the common part of the components - namely, the source
Receiver_function
Tallest geyser in Yellowstone National Park
GeyserTimes.org. September 12, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2018. "Seismogram Reporting Wrapper (YNM SHZ WY 01)". isthisthingon.org. September 12, 2018
Steamboat_Geyser
Earthquake in southern Italy
Messina earthquake seismogram
1908_Messina_earthquake
American geophysicist (1891–1948)
automated seismic data processing. His patents related to reproducible seismograms would lead to the ability to better locate petroleum, and gain widespread
Frank_Rieber
Fractal geometry concept
and has been applied to subjects like characterizing primary waves in seismograms, clinical neurophysiology and analyzing changes in the electroencephalogram
Higuchi_dimension
Obtaining information through non-contact sensors
detecting, ranging and measurements of underwater objects and terrain. Seismograms taken at different locations can locate and measure earthquakes (after
Remote_sensing
Prefecture of Xinjiang, China
Retrieved 2025-01-09. Kulikova, G.; Krüger, F. (2017). "Historical seismogram reproductions for the source parameters determination of the 1902, Atushi
Kashgar_Prefecture
first arrivals time. Coppens(1985) calculated the ratio of energy of seismogram of the two windows and used that to differentiate in signal and noise
First_break_picking
Physical quantity
usually estimated from ground motion recordings of earthquakes known as seismograms. For earthquakes that occurred in times before modern instruments were
Seismic_moment
Earthquake in Italy
Seismogram of the Cansiglio earthquake, recorded in Trieste
1936_Cansiglio_earthquake
Maximum ground acceleration during an earthquake at a location
Seismogram of Sylmar085 earthquake in fractions of gravity acceleration
Peak_ground_acceleration
Indian governmental organization
with the agency, was the first to clearly identify p- and s-waves on a seismogram, and hypothesised and calculated the diameter of the Earth's core. In
Geological_Survey_of_India
practice prominent phases seen on seismograms are used for estimating the Q. Lg is often the strongest phase on the seismogram at regional distances from 2°
Anelastic_attenuation_factor
Southwesternmost of the Canary Islands
5–27. doi:10.3989/egeol.40918.179. hdl:10553/44225. ISSN 1988-3250. "Seismogram for El Hierro". Instituto Geográfico Nacional. 10 October 2011. Archived
El_Hierro
British geologist
identification of the separate arrivals of P-waves, S-waves and surface waves on seismograms and the first clear evidence that the Earth has a central core. Born
Richard_Dixon_Oldham
Process of calculating the causal factors that produced a set of observations
consists in retrieving the distribution of diffracting points from the seismograms recorded along the survey, the velocity distribution being known. A direct
Inverse_problem
aseismic, microseism, microseismic, paleoseismology, seism, seismic, seismogram, seismograph, seismology, seismometer, seismonasty, sistrum, teleseism
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
2002 earthquake in Iran
central Iran. A seismic inversion of long-period P and SH body-wave seismograms indicated a rupture on a thrust fault that dips 49 degrees to the southwest
2002_Bou'in-Zahra_earthquake
Scientific study of minerals and mineralised artifacts
seismological behaviour of rocks and depth-related discontinuities in seismograms of the Earth's mantle. To this end, in their focus on the connection
Mineralogy
Data processing technology
IQF of a seismogram amplified the Nyquist frequency by a factor 7 million when we had the ratio t/Q=10 and concluded that for typical seismograms with lengths
Stabilized inverse Q filtering
Stabilized_inverse_Q_filtering
Movement of the Earth's surface
ground motion. The recordings produced by a seismometer are known as seismograms, and they can be used to study the characteristics of the ground motion
Ground_motion
Innermost part of Earth, a solid ball of iron-nickel alloy
outer core in 1936, by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann's study of seismograms from earthquakes in New Zealand, detected by sensitive seismographs on
Earth's_inner_core
July 12, 2021. Kanamori H.; Rivera L.; Lee W.H.K. (2010). "Historical seismograms for unravelling a mysterious earthquake: The 1907 Sumatra Earthquake"
List of megathrust earthquakes
List_of_megathrust_earthquakes
Filters used in signal processing that are optimal in some sense
"Multi-year shallow conduit changes observed with lava lake eruption seismograms at Erebus volcano, Antarctica". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid
Matched_filter
German astronomer, geophysicist and seismologist
Magnetism. The Experiment. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-61519-132-1. "Historical Seismograms from the Potsdam Station" (PDF). Academy of Sciences of German Democratic
Ernst_von_Rebeur-Paschwitz
Earthquake in Chile
"New constraints on the 1922 Atacama, Chile, earthquake from Historical seismograms". Geophysical Journal International. 219 (1): 645–661. doi:10.1093/gji/ggz302
1922_Vallenar_earthquake
Sustained ground vibration associated with underground movement of magma or volcanic gas
Four major types of seismograms, or seismic signatures
Harmonic_tremor
Powerful wind storm in U.S. Midwest
A seismogram in the Des Moines metropolitan area recorded intense vibrations imparted by the strong winds associated with the derecho.
2020_Midwest_derecho
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (1 April 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966–1996 (PDF) (Technical
1978_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1980_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Mountain pass in Southern California
(1995). "Earthquake source scaling relationships from −1 to 5 ML using seismograms recorded at 2.5-km depth". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Cajon_Pass
Earthquake in Japan
Far East Off Sanriku Earthquake, Japan, as Inferred from a Broad-Band Seismogram" (PDF). Tohoku Geophysical Journal. 34 (4): 121–134. Archived from the
1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake
1994_offshore_Sanriku_earthquake
earthquakes around the world Recent New Zealand earthquakes SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World USGS list of current
List of historical earthquakes
List_of_historical_earthquakes
US Geological Survey science center
magnitude may change as more information is received. The NEIC uses seismograms recorded in the United States as well as around the globe. While they
National Earthquake Information Center
National_Earthquake_Information_Center
Detonations of atomic bombs in the Eurasian country
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1971_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Czech seismologist (born 1935)
at Uppsala University. He is also the author of the book Anatomy of Seismograms, released in 1990. "Birthday.se - Vi vet när dina vänner fyller år".
Ota_Kulhánek
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1981_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1990_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Software for exploration of petroleum and gas reserves
completions modeling, automated fault polygon generation and a new synthetic seismogram package called Seismic-Well-Tie. Petrel Version 2010.1 Released in May
Petrel_(reservoir_software)
Earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia
estimate of its magnitude. A range of 7.5–8.0 Ms has been estimated from seismograms, a magnitude that is insufficient to explain the observed tsunami. The
1907_Sumatra_earthquake
1969 Soviet Union nuclear bomb tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1969_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Statistical method
Symes, William W. (1986). "Linear inversion of band-limited reflection seismograms". SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing. 7 (4). SIAM:
Lasso_(statistics)
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1975_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1984_Soviet_nuclear_tests
measure the time difference of various waves of the earthquake from the seismogram and calculate the epicentral distance by comparing it with the prepared
Epicentral_distance
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1989_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1982_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1977_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Multiple earthquakes with nearly identical waveforms originating from the same location
somewhat arbitrary, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that studies of seismograms showed that some of these were not simply unusually large foreshocks
Doublet_earthquake
seawater lift pump SYNRE – synthetic seismic report SYSEI – synthetic seismogram log T – well flowing to tank T/T – tangent to tangent TA – temporarily
List of abbreviations in oil and gas exploration and production
List_of_abbreviations_in_oil_and_gas_exploration_and_production
Type of surface acoustic wave which travels along the surface of solids
(high frequency) waves. Rayleigh waves thus often appear spread out on seismograms recorded at distant earthquake recording stations. It is also possible
Rayleigh_wave
Earthquake in northern California
Seismogram captured by an instrument in Corvallis, Oregon
2022_Ferndale_earthquake
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1979_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Earthquake in India
1016/0040-1951(92)90277-D. Lee, W. H. K.; Meyers, M.; Shimazaki, N. (1988). Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes of the World. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-440870-8
1897_Assam_earthquake
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1976_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Stage of seismic exploration
seismic data can be recorded in the form of seismic traces, also known as seismograms, which directly represent the "response of the elastic wavefield to velocity
Seismic_data_acquisition
Minor earthquakes and tremors caused by human activity
with a seismometer. In order to simplify the representation of an entire seismogram, PGV (peak ground velocity), PGA (peak ground acceleration), spectral
Induced_seismicity
Earthquake and tsunami affecting southern Japan
earthquake (M s 8.1) from the inversion of teleseismic and regional seismograms". Journal of Geophysical Research. 108(B10) (B10): 2497. Bibcode:2003JGRB
1944_Tōnankai_earthquake
Scientific instrument
along a fault during an earthquake, which would not be possible with seismograms from standard instruments because they would be too far away to resolve
Accelerograph
American seismologist (1926–2022)
Geophysicist Waverly Person (left) reads the time of first arrival of the P wave from a seismogram
Waverly_Person
German composer (1952–2025)
Verlag: DVfM/BH 4 Aphorismen for string quartet (1981), 10', Verlag: Keturi Seismogram 4 Szenen für Fl., Klar., Vi., Vc und Kontrabass mit 5 Holzblocks und 5
Reinhard_Wolschina
Magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Mexico
is a long time for an earthquake, acceleration/velocity/displacement seismograms at UNAM showed about 20 seconds of strong shaking with a period of ≈1 second
2017_Puebla_earthquake
Serrated surface within a rock mass
Down-peak type (rectangular type) Sharp-peak type (tapered and pointed) Seismogram type Horizontal stylolites This is the most commonly observed stylolite
Stylolite
department and region of France in the Indian Ocean. It was recorded by seismograms globally, including in Kenya, Chile, New Zealand, Canada, and Hawaii
11 November 2018 Mayotte seismic event
11_November_2018_Mayotte_seismic_event
Imaging technique used in seismology
were required to solve large inverse problems and generate theoretical seismograms, which are required to test the accuracy of a model. As early as 1972
Seismic_tomography
Chronological list of advances
intended to be used only in a particular study area in California, and on seismograms recorded on a particular instrument, the Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer
Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)
Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(1890–1945)
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1974_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001). Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (Technical
1988_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Area not reached by seismic waves from an earthquake
was first shown in 1906 by Geologist Richard Oldham. Oldham observed seismograms from various earthquakes and saw that some seismic stations did not record
Shadow_zone
Earthquake in Australia
the tremors and resulting power failures caused "considerable alarm". Seismograms at the Sydney suburb of Riverview were used to estimate the magnitude
1961 New South Wales earthquake
1961_New_South_Wales_earthquake
Seismologist and physicist (1900–1985)
Geological Survey. With Wood's team, he engaged the routine work of measuring seismograms and locating earthquakes. Richter went to work at the Carnegie Institution
Charles_Richter
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