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Particulate solid matter deposited on a planetary surface
In Earth and planetary sciences, sediment is a solid material made of loose particles that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs
Sediment
Fine-grained sediment that accumulates on the floor of the open ocean
Pelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far
Pelagic_sediment
Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock formed by the cementation of sediments—i.e. particles made of minerals (geological detritus) or organic matter (biological
Sedimentary_rock
Movement of solid particles, typically by gravity and fluid entrainment
Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of
Sediment_transport
Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
is a landform, typically triangular, created by the deposition of the sediments that are carried by the waters of a river, where the river merges with
River_delta
Set of animal species in any particular region and time
in the sediment as protection and may also have fed upon detritus or the mat of microbes which tended to grow on the surface of the sediment. Today,
Fauna
Distribution of grain size of sediments
sediments, either in unconsolidated deposits or in sedimentary rocks. The degree of sorting is determined by the range of grain sizes in a sediment deposit
Sorting_(sediment)
Sediments derived from the erosion of rocks on land
Terrigenous sediments are derived from the chemical and physical weathering and erosion of continental rocks and consists primarily of mud, sand, and
Terrigenous_sediment
A sediment basin is a temporary pond built on a construction site to capture eroded or disturbed soil that is washed off during rain storms, and protect
Sediment_basin
Natural processes removing soil and rock
weathering which involves no movement. Removal of rock or soil as clastic sediment is referred to as physical or mechanical erosion; this contrasts with chemical
Erosion
Instrument used in oceanography to measure the quantity of sinking particulate material
Sediment traps are instruments used in oceanography and limnology to measure the quantity of sinking particulate organic (and inorganic) material in aquatic
Sediment_trap
Accumulated material on seafloor
Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor. These particles either
Marine_sediment
A sediment control is a practice or device designed to keep eroded soil on a construction site, so that it does not wash off and cause water pollution
Sediment_control
Solid material at the bottom of a wine container
Sediment is the solid material that settles to the bottom of any wine container, such as a bottle, vat, tank, cask, or barrel. Sediment is a highly heterogeneous
Sediment_(wine)
Sediment processes associated with rivers and streams
fluvial sediment processes or fluvial sediment transport are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by sediments. It can
Fluvial_sediment_processes
Movement of sediment along coastal environments
Coastal sediment transport (a subset of sediment transport) is the interaction of coastal land forms to various complex interactions of physical processes
Coastal_sediment_transport
Tendency for particles in suspension to settle down
Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments. It takes place when particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come
Sedimentation
Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion was a $2.3-billion sediment diversion project in the Barataria basin in Louisiana. The project aimed to restore river sediment flows
Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion
Mid-Barataria_Sediment_Diversion
Natural addition of materials to a landmass
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously
Deposition_(geology)
Type of layers in sedimentary rocks
Cyclic sediments (also called rhythmic sediments) are sequences of sedimentary rocks that are characterised by repetitive patterns of different rock types
Cyclic_sediments
Equilibrium partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) are a type of Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) derived by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark
Equilibrium_partitioning_sediment_benchmark
Sedimentary rocks made of mineral or rock fragments
to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport, whether in suspension or as bed load, and in sediment deposits. Clastic sedimentary rocks are
Clastic_rock
Portion of sediment uplifted by a fluid's flow
fluid, such as a river, is the portion of its sediment uplifted by the fluid's flow in the process of sediment transportation. It is kept suspended by the
Suspended_load
Ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water
body of water, such as a stream, river, lake, or ocean, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. Organisms living in this zone are
Benthic_zone
Boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column
In oceanography and limnology, the sediment–water interface is the boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column. The term usually refers
Sediment–water_interface
Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift
angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water
Spit_(landform)
Sediment
Legacy sediment (LS) refers to depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad
Legacy_sediment
Deposits of dead yeast in wine-making
brewing beer, this sediment is known as trub, not lees. However, when formed during secondary fermentation, yeast residual sediment is named lees for both
Lees_(fermentation)
Transport of sediment to the beach environment
Coastal sediment supply is the transport of sediment to the beach environment by both fluvial and aeolian transport. While aeolian transport plays a role
Coastal_sediment_supply
Dam in Washington, U.S.
The Sediment Retention Structure is an earthen dam, 1,888 feet (575 m) long and 184 feet (56 m) high, on the North Fork Toutle River in the U.S. state
Toutle River Sediment Retention Structure
Toutle_River_Sediment_Retention_Structure
Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
essential to the stability of the salt marsh in trapping and binding sediments. Salt marshes play a large role in the aquatic food web and the delivery
Salt_marsh
Bottom of the ocean
is covered in layers of marine sediments. Categorized by where the materials come from or composition, these sediments are classified as either: from
Seabed
Impurities in crude oil
Bottom sediment and water (BS&W) is both a technical specification of certain impurities in crude oil and the method for measuring it. When extracted from
Basic_sediment_and_water
Geologic formation
Soft-sediment deformation structures develop at deposition or shortly after, during the first stages of the sediment's consolidation. This is because
Soft-sediment deformation structures
Soft-sediment_deformation_structures
Hemipelagic sediment, or hemipelagite, is a type of marine sediment that consists of clay and silt-sized grains that are terrigenous and some biogenic
Hemipelagic_sediment
Technique for photographing the interface between the seabed and the overlying water
Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI) is an underwater technique for photographing the interface between the seabed and the overlying water. The technique is
Sediment_Profile_Imagery
Geologic deposit of a turbidity current
type of amalgamation of fluidal and sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean. Turbidites were
Turbidite
Sediment moved by the longshore current
current is a geological process that consists of the transportation of sediments (clay, silt, pebbles, sand, shingle, shells) along a coast parallel to
Longshore_drift
Loose soil or sediment that is eroded and redeposited in a non-marine setting
land formed by deposition of sediments along rivers and seas. By the 19th century, the term had come to mean recent sediments deposited by rivers on top
Alluvium
Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water
flow and sediment input). The mixing of seawater and freshwater provides high levels of nutrients both in the water column and in sediment, making estuaries
Estuary
Geologic structures formed during sediment deposition
structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition. Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized
Sedimentary_structures
Fan-shaped deposit of sediment
An alluvial fan is an accumulation of sediments that fans outwards from a concentrated source of sediments, such as a narrow canyon emerging from an escarpment
Alluvial_fan
Major river in northeast Africa
carries sediment downstream. The movement of sediment is classified as suspended sediment (particles suspended in the water) or bedload (sediment on the
Nile
are a coastal management tool used to analyze and describe the different sediment inputs (sources) and outputs (sinks) on the coasts, which is used to predict
Sedimentary_budget
Natural flowing freshwater stream
flood the surrounding area, spreading nutrients to the surrounding area. Sediment or alluvium carried by rivers shapes the landscape around it, forming deltas
River
Medical condition
refers to a viscous mixture of small particles derived from bile. These sediments consist of cholesterol crystals, calcium salts, calcium bilirubinate,
Biliary_sludge
Material of glacial origin
In geology, drift is a name for all sediment (clay, silt, sand, gravel, boulders) transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice, or
Drift_(geology)
Non-profit scientific society
The Society for Sedimentary Geology is an international not-for-profit, scientific society based in the US state of Oklahoma. It is commonly referred to
Society for Sedimentary Geology
Society_for_Sedimentary_Geology
Sedimentary clastic rock
term is psammite, though this is more commonly used for metamorphosed sediments. Since it refers to grain size rather than chemical composition, the term
Arenite
Delta of the Mississippi River
increase in dispersion of sediment deposition into the delta region. The Mississippi embayment then became a primary focus of sediment deposition during the
Mississippi_River_Delta
Water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material
increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable
Siltation
Body of surface water flowing down a channel
Cumbria for a seasonal stream. Bar A shoal that develops in a stream as sediment is deposited as the current slows or is impeded by wave action at the confluence
Stream
Increase in land elevation due to the deposition of sediment
river system, due to the deposition of sediment. Aggradation occurs in areas in which the supply of sediment is greater than the amount of material that
Aggradation
DNA sampled from the environment rather than directly from an individual organism
that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, sediment, freshwater, seawater, snow or air, rather than directly sampled from an
Environmental_DNA
Type of sedimentary rock
deposition of sand. As sediments continue to accumulate in the depositional environment, older sand is buried by younger sediments, and it undergoes diagenesis
Sandstone
Coastal defense structure
breakwaters. This trapping of sediment can cause adverse effects down-drift of the breakwaters, leading to beach sediment starvation and increased coastal
Breakwater_(structure)
Low-lying basin filled with Cretaceous to recent sediments
Alluvial Plain. It is essentially a northward continuation of the fluvial sediments of the Mississippi River Delta to its confluence with the Ohio River at
Mississippi_embayment
Underground animal home dug in soft dirt
establishment of an invertebrate burrow often involves the soaking of surrounding sediment in mucus to prevent collapse and to seal off water flow. Examples of burrowing
Burrow
Swiss-American engineer and educator
from 1947 until 1971. Einstein was widely recognized for his research on sediment transport. To honor his outstanding achievement in hydraulic engineering
Hans_Albert_Einstein
Any topographic depression where sediments substantially accumulate over time
In geology, a sediment trap is any topographic depression where sediments substantially accumulate over time. The size of a sediment trap can vary from
Sediment_trap_(geology)
Elevated region of sediment in a river that has been deposited by the flow
A bar in a river is an elevated region of sediment (such as sand or gravel) that has been deposited by the flow. Types of bars include mid-channel bars
Bar_(river_morphology)
Landform shaped by erosion and deposition from glacial meltwater
associated erosion and deposition of sediments caused by glacial meltwater. Glaciers contain suspended sediment loads, much of which is initially picked
Fluvioglacial_landform
Reworking of soils and sediments by organisms
as the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants. It includes burrowing, ingestion, and defecation of sediment grains. Bioturbating activities
Bioturbation
resulting from different amounts of sediment transportation. A sediment is mature when the grains in a sediment become well-sorted and well-rounded due
Maturity_(sedimentology)
Hydrological feature
also causes sediment deposition. When wadi sediments are underwater or moist, wind sediments are deposited over them. Thus, wadi sediments contain both
Wadi
Pieces of clay or mud removed by currents
clay or mud and removes pieces of clayey sediment, and transports them some distance. Because clayey sediments can be quite cohesive, even when freshly
Rip-up_clasts
Sediment transport mechanism
A sediment gravity flow is one of several types of sediment transport mechanisms, of which most geologists recognize four principal processes. These flows
Sediment_gravity_flow
Non-dimensional number in fluid dynamics
of suspended sediment and which also determines how sediment will be transported in a flowing fluid. It is a ratio between the sediment fall velocity
Rouse_number
Animal that feeds on decomposing plant and animal parts as well as faeces
accumulated during this period, later becoming the fossil fuels. By feeding on sediments directly to extract the organic component, some detritivores incidentally
Detritivore
Dimensionless parameter in fluid mechanics
a nondimensional number used to calculate the initiation of motion of sediment in a fluid flow. It is a form of non-dimensionalization of a shear stress
Shields_parameter
The principle of lateral continuity states that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions; in other words, they are laterally continuous
Principle of lateral continuity
Principle_of_lateral_continuity
Aquatic toxicology technique
aquatic toxicology, the sediment quality triad (SQT) approach has been used as an assessment tool to evaluate the extent of sediment degradation resulting
Sediment_quality_triad
Protected area of sea off Scotland
The Norwegian Boundary Sediment Plain is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) lying to the northeast of Scotland. The MPA, which covers 164 km2 (63 sq mi), lies
Norwegian Boundary Sediment Plain
Norwegian_Boundary_Sediment_Plain
Type of dripstone in soft sediment
drips into a soft sediment, both eroding the sediment and depositing calcite. Because they form in soft sediments when those sediments are washed away,
Conulite
Landslides that transport sediment across the continental shelf and into the deep ocean
Submarine landslides are marine landslides that transport sediment across the continental shelf and into the deep ocean. A submarine landslide is initiated
Submarine_landslide
Underwater current of sediment-laden water moving downslope
usually rapidly moving, sediment-laden water moving down a slope; although current research (2018) indicates that water-saturated sediment may be the primary
Turbidity_current
Academic journal
journal about sediments in a geological context published by Elsevier. About its scope the journal states it ranges "from techniques of sediment analysis to
Sedimentary_Geology_(journal)
Barrier that stops or slows the flow of water
normally carry sediment that replenishes soil downstream of the dam site. Sediment flow is reduced after a dam is constructed, because sediment is trapped
Dam
Subduction trench in the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone in the eastern Indian Ocean
changes of structure, morphology and sediment changes. The structure and morphology begin to change at 2.4°N but the sediment thickness remains unchanged until
Sumatra_Trench
Matter composed of organic compounds
soil comes from groundwater. When the groundwater saturates the soil or sediment around it, organic matter can freely move between the phases. Groundwater
Organic_matter
Turbulent layer of water that washes ashore after a wave breaks
beach materials up and down the beach, which results in the cross-shore sediment exchange. The time-scale of swash motion varies from seconds to minutes
Swash
Hazardous waste site in Missoula County, Montana, United States
The Milltown Reservoir Sediments Superfund Site is a major Superfund site in Missoula County, Montana, seven miles east of Missoula. It was added to the
Milltown Reservoir Superfund Site
Milltown_Reservoir_Superfund_Site
Network of river channels
usage, aits or eyots. Braided streams tend to occur in rivers with high sediment loads or coarse grain sizes, and in rivers with steeper slopes than typical
Braided_river
One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream
produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank (cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is
Meander
formation that forms as a river empties water and sediment into other bodies of water. As the sediment builds up from this delta, the river will break away
Deltaic_lobe
Sediment control device on construction sites
temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil)
Silt_fence
Chemical ratio in organic materials
used in analysing sediments and soil including soil organic matter and soil amendments such as compost. In the analysis of sediments, C/N ratios are a
Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio
Waterway connecting two bodies of water
narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait
Strait
Coastal and oceanic landform
continental rise, in which sediment from the continent above cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope. Extending
Continental_shelf
location. Authigenic sediments are the main constituents of deep sea sedimentation, compared to shallow waters or land where detrital sediments are more common
Authigenesis
Marine sediment made of foraminifera remains
waters, which otherwise would belong to China. Up to three quarters of the sediment mass of Tuvalu is star sand. Bottles of star sand are sold as souvenirs
Star_sand
Processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment
deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record
Depositional_environment
Replacement of soft tissues of a fossil with pyrite
of sediment chemistry when there is a low organic content, but a high concentration of dissolved iron. When a carcass is buried in such sediment, sulfate-reducing
Beecher's Trilobite type preservation
Beecher's_Trilobite_type_preservation
Region on which rivers have deposited sediment
is a plain (an essentially flat landform) created by the deposition of sediment over a long period by one or more rivers coming from highland regions,
Alluvial_plain
Part of a river delta
end of the stream channel as the delta sediment is deposited along the arcuate delta front. As the sediments are deposited on a sloping surface the resulting
Foreset_bed
Layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or pyroclastic material
In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces". A
Bed_(geology)
Software for simulating water flow within rivers
to include quasi-unsteady and unsteady flow, two dimensional modeling, sediment transport and water quality modeling, and distributed hydrologic modeling
HEC-RAS
which normally occurs when a stream loosens sediment and undercuts a bank. Consequently, large masses of sediment slump and collapse into the stream, adding
Stream_load
Shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern
various grades of sediment in an arc pattern. The horns are made up of coarser material and the embayment contains finer sediment. They can be found
Beach_cusps
Genus of corset animals
Culexiregiloricus trichiscalida. Like its phylum, it lives in argillaceous sediment. In the spring of 2005, the sample in which the species was found in was
Culexiregiloricus
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