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1824–1891 state in Arabia Peninsula
The second Saudi state (Arabic: الدَّوْلَةُ السُّعُودِيَّةُ الثَّانِيَةُ, romanized: Al-Dawla Al-Su'odiyah Al-Thaniyah), officially known as the Emirate
Second_Saudi_state
1727–1818 state ruled by the House of Saud
The first Saudi state (Arabic: الدَّوْلَةُ السُّعُودِيَّةُ الْأُولَىٰ, romanized: ad-dawla as-suʿūdiyya al-ʾūlā), officially the Emirate of Diriyah (Arabic:
First_Saudi_state
Contemporary state of Saudi Arabia
The third Saudi state is the current Saudi state and successor to the two earlier states: the first and the second, founded by Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman
Third_Saudi_state
Second-most important position in Saudi Arabia
crown prince of the second Saudi State was Abdulaziz, who lost the title when Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, his father, lost his state after the Rashidis conquered
Crown_Prince_of_Saudi_Arabia
Royal family of Saudi Arabia
family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi State, (1727–1818)
House_of_Saud
Country in West Asia
1902. The Kingdom is the Third Saudi State and the successor to the First Saudi State (1727–1818) and the Second Saudi State (1824–1891). The country has
Saudi_Arabia
known as the Third Saudi state, the successor to the First Saudi state and the Second Saudi state. A brief final phase of consolidation continued into 1934
Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia
The Second Saudi State was founded in 1824 by Turki bin Abdullah, six years after the fall of the First Saudi State in 1818. Unlike the first state, which
List_of_Saudi_rulers
First-level administrative divisions of Saudi Arabia
Earlier in the region’s history, the First Saudi state and the Second Saudi state had established Saudi rule over much of Najd and its surroundings,
Provinces_of_Saudi_Arabia
1811–1818 conflict between Egypt and the first Saudi state
Egypt, and the Wahhabis' Emirate of Diriyah (later known as the first Saudi state), resulting in the destruction of the latter. The war was historically
Ottoman–Wahhabi_war
This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its predecessor states. After 22 September 1948 Lebanon had decided to not participate
List of wars involving Saudi Arabia
List_of_wars_involving_Saudi_Arabia
subsequent edits. (Audio help · More spoken articles) The history of Saudi Arabia as a nation state began with the emergence of the Al Saud dynasty in central Arabia
History_of_Saudi_Arabia
1818–1820 emirate in the Arabian Peninsula
not last long as it was reconquered by the Saudis and incorporated into the Second Saudi State. When the Saudi government practically collapsed and after
Mu'ammarid_Imamate
Head of state
al-ʿArabiyat as-Suʿūdiyya), is head of state of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family, the House
King_of_Saudi_Arabia
Ruler of Second Saudi State in 1871 and from 1873 to 1875
(Arabic: إمام الدولة السعودية الثانية), (1833—1875) was the ruler of the Second Saudi State in 1871 and 1873–75. He joined alliances with foreign tribes and revolted
Saud bin Faisal Al Saud (1833–1875)
Saud_bin_Faisal_Al_Saud_(1833–1875)
Capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia
Dahham. However their state, now known as the First Saudi state, collapsed in 1818. Turki ibn Abdullah founded the Second Saudi state in the early 19th century
Riyadh
1924–1925 conflict in Arabia
The Saudi conquest of Hejaz, also known as the Second Hejaz–Nejd War, was a war between the Third Saudi State and the Kingdom of Hejaz from August 1924
Saudi_conquest_of_Hejaz
Public holiday in Saudi Arabia
is a public holiday in Saudi Arabia observed annually on 22 February. It commemorates the establishment of the first Saudi state in 1727 and the accession
Saudi_Founding_Day
Saudi Arabia has extensive ties to the Saudi State. Saudi oil reserves are the second largest in the world (after Venezuelan oil reserves), and Saudi
Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia
Founder of the House of Saud (1640–1725)
be its founder. First Saudi state Second Saudi state Third Saudi state Sheikhdom of Diriyah List of Saudi rulers History of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: سعود
Saud_bin_Muhammad_Al_Muqrin
Ottoman military operation
by Ottoman military commander Muhammad Ali Pasha that invaded the Second Saudi State based in Najd after the refusal of tribute payments by its ruler,
Expedition_to_Najd_(1836)
travel to Saudi lands. Sulayman would be executed by the Ottomans following the collapse of Emirate of Dir'iyyah in 1818. Second Saudi State was established
History_of_Wahhabism
Emir of the Sheikhdom of Diriyah
First Saudi State which manifested in 1744. Muhammad ibn Saud Diriyah Nadav Samin (2015). Of Sand or Soil: Genealogy and Tribal Belonging in Saudi Arabia
Mani'_ibn_Rabi'a_al-Muraydi
Military unit
The Saudi Arabian Army (Arabic: الجَيْشُ العَرَبِيَّ السُّعُودِيَّ, romanized: Al-Jaysh al-Arabiya as-Su'udiya), officially the Royal Saudi Land Forces
Saudi_Arabian_Army
1891 battle between emirates of Nejd and Jabal Shammar
Battle of Mulayda was the last major battle during the period of the Second Saudi State which occurred on 21 January 1891. Following problems over Zakat and
Battle_of_Mulayda
Government ministry of Saudi Arabia
periods of the First Saudi state and Second Saudi state. In 1929, a royal order by King Abdulaziz, the founder of the Third Saudi state, created the Military
Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)
Ministry_of_Defense_(Saudi_Arabia)
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire (1871–1915)
Britain recognised Najd, Hasa, Qatif and Jubail as Saudi possessions, as part of the Anglo-Saudi Treaty. Kazas of the sanjak in 1896: Hofuf Qatif Qatar
Najd_Sanjak
Ruler of the Emirate of Nejd (1755–1834)
9 May 1834) was the founder of the Emirate of Najd, also known as Second Saudi State and ruled Najd from 1823–1834 following administration by the Ottoman
Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (1755–1834)
Turki_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud_(1755–1834)
Last ruler of the Emirate of Diriyah (r. 1814–1818)
unable to prevent the rise of the Emirate of Nejd, also known as the Second Saudi State, led by Turki bin Abdullah. Abdullah was the eldest son of Saud bin
Abdullah_bin_Saud_Al_Saud
King of Saudi Arabia from 1932 to 1953
Rahman bin Faisal, one of the last rulers of the Emirate of Nejd, the second Saudi state, a tribal sheikhdom centered on Riyadh. Ibn Saud's mother was Sara
Ibn_Saud
1836–1921 state in northern Arabia
of modern-day Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Jordan. The Emirate of Jabal Shammar was established in 1836 as a vassal of the second Saudi state when the first
Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar
Official founding of Saudi Arabia
unification of Saudi Arabia and the borders of the country remained mostly unchanged up until the Buraimi crisis. The debellation of the Second Saudi State occurred
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia
Religious scholar in the Emirate of Diriyah (1785–1818)
Salafis and excommunicated most of the political opponents of the Second Saudi state. He suggested that true believers should not hesitate to show their
Suleiman bin Abdullah Al Sheikh
Suleiman_bin_Abdullah_Al_Sheikh
Original core of the city of Riyadh
chieftain until his overthrow by the First Saudi State in 1773. It was later the center of power of the Second Saudi State for most of 19th century following
Walled_town_of_Riyadh
Emir of Nejd and Head of the House of Saud (1811–1865) (r.1838-1841)
(Arabic: خالد بن سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود; 1811–1865) ruled the Second Saudi State, known as the Emirate of Najd, for three years, from 1838 to 1841
Khalid bin Saud Al Saud (1811–1865)
Khalid_bin_Saud_Al_Saud_(1811–1865)
Saudi royal (1725–1812)
is that he was the father of Turki bin Abdullah, founder of the Second Saudi State from whom all subsequent heads of the House of Saud trace their descent
Abdullah_bin_Muhammad_Al_Saud
Ottoman rule in Arabia (1517–1918)
(1872–1918) Saudi states: First Saudi State (1744–1818) Second Saudi State (1818–1891) Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1921; became modern Saudi Arabia) Other
Ottoman_Arabia
Cultural heritage landmark in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
recaptured the city and rebuilt the palace after reinstating the Second Saudi State. As Diriyah was dilapidated by the Egyptian forces in 1818, as a result
Qasr_Al-Hukm
Bilateral relations
agreement was signed with the Saudis, establishing the British role as protector of the Wahhabis. After the second Saudi state was crushed, members of the
Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations
Saudi_Arabia–United_Kingdom_relations
Emir of Nejd (1831–1889)
1889) was one of the rulers of the Emirate of Najd, also known as Second Saudi State. His reign witnessed extensive struggle among the members of the Al
Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud (1831–1889)
Abdullah_bin_Faisal_Al_Saud_(1831–1889)
National History Museum in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ottomans up to the First Saudi State. First and Second Saudi States Shown here is the culture and history of the two early Saudi states. A large model of
National Museum of Saudi Arabia
National_Museum_of_Saudi_Arabia
Member of the House of Saud (born 1843)
day his father died. As an adult, he made attempts to rebuild the Second Saudi State that his ancestors had ruled over. He eventually ended up in the Ottoman
Abdullah_bin_Abdullah_Al_Saud
Emir of Nejd and Head of the House of Saud (1785–1865)
romanized: Fayṣal ibn Turkī Āl Suʿūd; 1785 – December 1865) was the second ruler of the Second Saudi State and seventh head of the House of Saud. Faisal was the son
Faisal bin Turki Al Saud (1785–1865)
Faisal_bin_Turki_Al_Saud_(1785–1865)
King of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2015
and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 1 August 2005 until his death in 2015. Prior to his accession, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 13 June
Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia
King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005
and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 13 June 1982 until his death in 2005. Prior to his ascension, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982
Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia
The response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State has taken many forms. For example, Saudi government agencies have worked with the United States since
Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State
Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State
Bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and the United States began in 1933 when full diplomatic relations were established. These relations were formalized
Saudi Arabia–United States relations
Saudi_Arabia–United_States_relations
Islamic clerical family in Saudi Arabia
(1780–1869), Head of Saudi religious establishment in the Second Saudi State. Abd al-Latif ibn Abd al-Rahman Al al-Sheikh (1810–1876), Head of Saudi religious establishment
Al_ash-Sheikh
18th century Muslim scholar
Qadi (Islamic judge) by Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud, ruler of the Second Saudi State. Even after Turki bin Abdullah was assassinated, his successors were
Aba_Butayn
2027 WWE pay-per-view and livestreaming event
44 in Saudi Arabia, but the country pushed to host WrestleMania 43 to coincide with the 300th anniversary of the founding of the First Saudi state. It will
WrestleMania_43
Province of Saudi Arabia
From 1836 to 1848, the Emirate functioned as a nominal vassal of the Second Saudi state, after which it reasserted itself as a sovereign kingdom until 1921
Hail_Province,_Saudi_Arabia
1902 battle during the Unification of Saudi Arabia
Shammar, which had previously been a vassal state of the Second Saudi State. Following the collapse of the state, Ibn Saud and his family went into exile
Battle_of_Riyadh
Saudi royal and mother of King Abdulaziz
a Saudi royal. She was a member of the Al Sudairi family and the wife of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, who was the last ruler of the Second Saudi State. Sara
Sara_bint_Ahmed_Al_Sudairi
King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964
Prince of Saudi Arabia from 11 May 1933 to 9 November 1953. He was the second son of King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia. Saud was the second son of
Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia
City-state in central Arabia (14th–17th centuries), predecessor of the First Saudi State
works. Saudi Arabia portal Asia portal History of Saudi Arabia Unification of Saudi Arabia First Saudi state Second Saudi state Third Saudi state Saudi Founding
Sheikhdom_of_Diriyah
Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia. The kingdom is called the "home of Islam" as it was the birthplace of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who united
Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia
Sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia
(PIF; Arabic: صندوق الاستثمارات العامة) is the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. It is among the largest sovereign wealth funds in the world with
Public_Investment_Fund
Founder and Emir of Jabal Shammar (r. 1836–1848) (1788–1848)
became a companion of Faisal bin Turki Al Saud, the ruler of the Second Saudi State. Abdullah supported Faisal against the latter's cousin Mishari bin
Abdullah_bin_Ali_Al_Rashid
– 1873) was a Saudi historian, littérateur, and genealogist. He was a contemporary of the First Saudi State and the Second Saudi State, and he chronicled
Uthman_ibn_Bishr
King of Saudi Arabia since 2015
third-oldest living head of state and the oldest living monarch. He is the first Saudi head of state born after the unification of Saudi Arabia. Salman is a son
Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia
Saudi Arabian state-owned petroleum and oil-trade company
Saudi Aramco (Arabic: أرامكو السعودية ʾArāmkū as-Suʿūdiyyah), officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, is a majority state-owned petroleum and natural
Saudi_Aramco
University in Saudi Arabia
the last ruler of the Second Saudi State and the father of King Abdulalziz ibn Saud, the founder and first monarch of Saudi Arabia Prof. Fahad Alharbi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Imam_Abdulrahman_Bin_Faisal_University
Public women's university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
eldest daughter of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, the last emir of the Second Saudi State. The university offers diplomas, bachelor and postgraduate degrees
Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University
Princess_Nourah_Bint_Abdul_Rahman_University
The Saudi cabinet stated that it will take all necessary measures to defend Saudi Arabia's security, territory, citizens, and residents. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia in the 2026 Iran war
Saudi_Arabia_in_the_2026_Iran_war
Men's national association football team representing Saudi Arabia
Solari, Saudi Arabia beat both Belgium and Morocco in the group stage before falling to Sweden in the round of 16. Thus, they became the second Arab team
Saudi Arabia national football team
Saudi_Arabia_national_football_team
Bilateral relations
supported the Ottoman Empire in the Al-Hasa Expedition against the Second Saudi State, contributing to the restoration of Ottoman control over Al-Hasa.
Kuwait–Saudi_Arabia_relations
Future association football tournament in Saudi Arabia
2030, and the first since 2022 to be hosted by one nation. Saudi Arabia will be the second host nation from the Arabian Peninsula in the span of twelve
2034_FIFA_World_Cup
Fundamentalist movement within Sunni Islam
oppose the State", there is another "strain" of Wahhabism that "found prominence among a group of Wahhabis after the fall of the second Saudi State in the
Wahhabism
Saudi royal and military commander (died 1977)
fall of the Second Saudi state in 1891. His sister Al Jawhara married their second cousin Ibn Saud, who later became the first King of Saudi Arabia. Al
Abdulaziz bin Musaed bin Jiluwi Al Saud
Abdulaziz_bin_Musaed_bin_Jiluwi_Al_Saud
1901–1934 Unification of Saudi Arabia 1903–1907 Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907) 1915–1918 Second Saudi-Rashidi War 1918–1919 First Saudi–Hashemite War 1919–1920
List_of_conflicts_in_Asia
Emir of Jabal Shammar from 1869 to 1897
is known for defeating the Saudi State, which after being defeated in the battle of Mulayda ceased to exist for a second time in 1891. His reign lasted
Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid
Muhammad_bin_Abdullah_Al_Rashid
Saudi journalist and dissident (1958–2018)
following shifting explanations for Khashoggi's death, Saudi Arabia's attorney general eventually stated that the murder was premeditated. By 16 November 2018
Jamal_Khashoggi
Peninsula in West Asia
Hegra, Saudi Arabia Qasr al Farid, tomb in Archeological site Mada'in Saleh, Al-`Ula, Saudi Arabia Diriyah, the capital of the first Saudi state Dam of
Arabian_Peninsula
King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975
1975) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 until his assassination in 1975. Before his ascension, he served as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to
Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia
Order of succession in Saudi Arabia
The order of succession to the Saudi Arabian throne is determined by, and within, the House of Saud. Every King of Saudi Arabia, upon his death, has been
Succession to the Saudi Arabian throne
Succession_to_the_Saudi_Arabian_throne
Donald Trump, undertook his first major international trip of his second term, visiting Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Trump was joined
May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East
May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East
2026 Bilateral nuclear treaty between Saudi Arabia and the United States
In July 2026 Saudi Arabia and the United States signed a Section 123 Agreement allowing for Saudi Arabia to build a civilian nuclear program. It was signed
2026 Saudi Arabia–United States nuclear deal
2026_Saudi_Arabia–United_States_nuclear_deal
Province, Saudi Arabia. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the blast, which killed at least 21 people. The incident was the second deadly attack
Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings
Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings
Military forces of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Interior), the Saudi Arabian Royal Guard (under the Presidency of the Royal Guard), the Saudi Arabian Emergency Force (under the Presidency of State Security)
Saudi_Arabian_Military_Forces
Theological or political status in Islam
1818 until 1820 Imamate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State, existing from 1824 to 1891 Nizari Ismaili state, a Shia state in the Middle East from 1090 until
Imamate
King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982
and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 25 March 1975 until his death in 1982. Before his ascension, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. Khalid was the
Khalid_of_Saudi_Arabia
1934 war between Saudi Arabia and Kingdom of Yemen
The Saudi–Yemeni war (Arabic: الحرب السعودية اليمنية) was a war between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Kingdom of Yemen in 1934. Ibn Saud, the founder
Saudi–Yemeni_war_(1934)
Strategic framework in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Vision 2030 (Arabic: رؤية السعودية ۲۰۳۰, romanized: Ruʾyat al-Suʿūdiyyah ʿIšrīn/ʾAlfān wa Ṯalāṯīn, sometimes called Project 2030) is a government
Saudi_Vision_2030
Ruler of the First Saudi State, 1803–1814
of Turki bin Abdullah, the founder of the Emirate of Nejd or the Second Saudi State. Saud led the forces of the Emirate in 1789 and conquered Al Hasa
Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1748–1814)
Saud_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud_(1748–1814)
Combined military forces of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It consists of the Saudi Arabian Land Forces, the Royal Saudi Naval Forces, the Royal Saudi Air Force, the Royal Saudi Air Defense
Saudi_Arabian_Armed_Forces
Bilateral relations
Palestine–Saudi Arabia relations refers to the bilateral relationship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the State of Palestine. Although the State of Palestine
Palestine–Saudi Arabia relations
Palestine–Saudi_Arabia_relations
State support for terrorist activities and/or organizations
and sponsored by Saudi Arabia...They are one and the same”. In 2014, former Prime Minister of Iraq Nouri Al-Maliki stated that Saudi Arabia and Qatar
State-sponsored_terrorism
Salafi jihadist militant organisation
state borders Pakistan – Military deployment over Saudi Arabia–Iraq border. Arresting ISIL figures in Pakistan and security operations within state borders
Islamic_State
Governorate and urban area in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
emerging Third Saudi state following the Conquest of al-Hasa in 1913. Qatif Municipality was established in 1926, making it the second oldest in the Kingdom
Qatif
Saudi Arabian State-owned military manufacturing company
Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI; Arabic: الشركة السعودية للصناعات العسكرية) is a Saudi Arabian state-owned defense company. It was established
Saudi Arabian Military Industries
Saudi_Arabian_Military_Industries
Name list
Abdallah, founder of the Second Saudi State Turki al-Binali, Bahraini Salafi preacher and senior cleric of ISIS Turki al-Hamad, Saudi Arabian political analyst
Turki_(name)
Formula One motor race
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was the second round of the 2023 Formula One World Championship. Red Bull Racing driver Sergio Pérez took his second career pole
2023_Saudi_Arabian_Grand_Prix
Administrative division of the Ottoman Empire from (1517–1867)
took Jeddah and Mecca, defeating the Saudi beyond the latter and capturing their general. After the death of the Saudi leader Saud, Muhammad Ali concluded
Ottoman_Egypt
Holiest city in Islam and capital of Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia
again but survived and founded the Second Saudi state that lasted until 1891 and led on to the present country of Saudi Arabia. In 1853, Sir Richard Francis
Mecca
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia since 2017
ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, formally serving as Crown Prince and Prime Minister. He is the heir apparent to the Saudi throne, the son of King
Mohammed_bin_Salman
1921 Saudi military campaign
The Saudi conquest of Hail, also known as the Third Saudi–Rashidi War or the Fall of Hail, was a conflict between the Third Saudi State and the Emirate
Saudi_conquest_of_Hail
Association football club in Saudi Arabia
الاتحاد), is a Saudi Arabian professional association football club based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Founded in 1927, the club competes in the Saudi Pro League
Al-Ittihad_Club_(Jeddah)
Shopping mall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
century during the era of Second Saudi State and was rebuilt by the Riyadh Holding Company in its current form during the second phase of the Qasr Al Hukm
Al_Deira_Market
Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy in which the king holds all legislative, executive, and judicial power. The concentration of authority in the monarchy
Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia
Fifth round of the 2025 F1 season
The 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 STC Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2025) was a Formula One motor race held on 20 April
2025_Saudi_Arabian_Grand_Prix
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