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Hypothesized phenomenon in quantum field theory
The Scharnhorst effect is a hypothetical phenomenon in which light signals travel slightly faster than c between two closely spaced conducting plates.
Scharnhorst_effect
Force resulting from the quantisation of a field
portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Casimir effect. Negative energy Scharnhorst effect Van der Waals force Squeezed coherent state Cardy formula
Casimir_effect
Topics referred to by the same term
Saxony, a municipality in the district of Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany Scharnhorst effect, a hypothetical phenomenon in which light travels faster between two
Scharnhorst_(disambiguation)
Scharnhorst-class battleship of Nazi Germany
Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. She was the lead ship
German_battleship_Scharnhorst
Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
predicted to go faster than the standard value c. This is known as the Scharnhorst effect. Such a vacuum can be produced by bringing two perfectly smooth metal
Faster-than-light
Speed of electromagnetic waves
the tachyonic antitelephone. In some theoretical treatments, the Scharnhorst effect allows signals to travel faster than c, by one part in 1036. However
Speed_of_light
Kriegsmarine battleship class
The Scharnhorst class was a class of German battleships (or battlecruisers) built immediately prior to World War II. The first capital ships of Nazi Germany's
Scharnhorst-class_battleship
technology) (search engine optimization) Scharnhorst effect (quantum field theory) Schottky effect (diodes) Schwinger effect (particle physics) (hypothetical
List_of_effects
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
to tunnel instantaneously; this appears as superluminal tunneling. Scharnhorst effect: Light can have a group velocity slightly greater than the speed of
List_of_paradoxes
Quantum state with the lowest possible energy
decay Squeezed coherent state Quantum fluctuation Scharnhorst effect Van der Waals force Casimir effect Lambrecht, Astrid (2002). Figger, Hartmut; Meschede
Quantum_vacuum_state
α. Scharnhorst effect: Can light signals travel slightly faster than c between two closely spaced conducting plates, exploiting the Casimir effect? Threshold
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
static friction. An interesting hypothetical side effect of the Casimir effect is the Scharnhorst effect, a hypothetical phenomenon in which light signals
Zero-point_energy
King George V-class battleship of the Royal Navy
battleship Scharnhorst off the North Cape of Norway. During the engagement that followed, Scharnhorst hit Duke of York twice with little effect, but was
HMS_Duke_of_York_(17)
Class of armored cruisers of the German Imperial Navy
The Scharnhorst class was a class of armored cruisers built by the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy). The ships were the culmination of a series
Scharnhorst-class_cruiser
Scharnhorst-class battleship
was the second vessel of her class, which included her sister ship, Scharnhorst. The ship was built at the Deutsche Werke dockyard in Kiel; she was laid
German_battleship_Gneisenau
American novelist (1832–1899)
15. Scharnhorst 1985, p. 17. Scharnhorst 1985, p. 21. Hoyt 1974, p. 18. Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 18–23. Scharnhorst 1985, pp. 26–27. Scharnhorst 1985,
Horatio_Alger
German naval operation during the Second World War
Kriegsmarine (German Navy) squadron, comprising the two Scharnhorst-class battleships, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen and their
Channel_Dash
Armored cruiser of the German Imperial Navy
the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy), part of the two-ship Scharnhorst class. Named for the earlier screw corvette of the same name, the ship
SMS_Gneisenau
Scattering theory Sceptre (fusion reactor) Schaefer–Bergmann diffraction Scharnhorst effect Scherk–Schwarz mechanism Schiehallion experiment Schlieren Schlieren
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
Town-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy
Battle of North Cape, assisting in the destruction of the German warship Scharnhorst. In June 1944, Belfast took part in Operation Overlord supporting the
HMS_Belfast
First World War battle in French Polynesia
September 1914, during World War I. The German armoured cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and Gneisenau entered the port of Papeete on the island of Tahiti and
Bombardment_of_Papeete
Navy of Nazi Germany (1935–1945)
(1943) – final operation of Scharnhorst, to intercept convoy JW 55B Domino (1943) – second aborted Arctic sortie by Scharnhorst, Prinz Eugen, and destroyers
Kriegsmarine
American author and poet (1846–1934)
Hawthorne: The Life of a Prodigal Son,' by Gary Scharnhorst". Washington Post. Retrieved July 30, 2014. Scharnhorst, Gary. Julian Hawthorne: The Life of a Prodigal
Julian_Hawthorne
King of Prussia from 1797 to 1840
Karl vom und zum Stein, Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, and Count August Neidhardt von Gneisenau. They set about reforming Prussia's
Frederick_William_III
Lead ship of titular class of heavy cruisers
wartime patrol during Operation Nordmark. She joined the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the destroyers Z20 Karl Galster and Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp
German_cruiser_Admiral_Hipper
1938 British aircraft carrier
day, Glorious, Acasta and Ardent were sunk by the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau while heading back to Britain. Ark Royal's aircraft failed
HMS_Ark_Royal_(91)
Proposed class of German battleships
ships' secondary battery. These were the same secondaries employed on the Scharnhorst and Bismarck classes. The turrets allowed 40 degrees of elevation and
H-class_battleship_proposals
A-class destroyer
aircraft carrier Glorious on 8 June 1940, she was sunk by the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, but not before badly damaging the former ship. In the
HMS_Acasta_(H09)
Town-class cruiser of the Royal Navy
North Cape, Sheffield assisted in the sinking of the German battleship Scharnhorst whilst escorting Convoy JW 55B. Sheffield went in for an extended refit
HMS_Sheffield_(C24)
Naval battle of 1 November 1914 near Chile in World War I
had a superior force of five modern vessels (the armoured cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the light cruisers SMS Dresden, Leipzig and Nürnberg)
Battle_of_Coronel
Period of social, political and economic change in Prussia (1800s–20s)
reduced. There were also parallel military reforms led by Gerhard von Scharnhorst, August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, and Hermann von Boyen, and educational
Prussian_Reform_Movement
American author and humorist (1835–1910)
Gary Scharnhorst, ed., Mark Twain: The Complete Interviews, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006. ISBN 9780817315221 Gary Scharnhorst, ed.,
Mark_Twain
1854 book by Henry David Thoreau
Inc. (1968), 8. LCCN 68-14480. Dean and Scharnhorst 293. Dean and Scharnhorst 302. Quoted in Dean and Scharnhorst 293, from Ralph L. Rusk (ed.), The Letters
Walden
1930s German naval gun
planned as the armament of the O-class battlecruisers and the re-armed Scharnhorst-class battleships. Six twin-gun mountings were also sold to the Soviet
38_cm_SK_C/34_naval_gun
1939 class of battleships of the Royal Navy
Duke of York was also instrumental in sinking the German battleship Scharnhorst on 26 December 1943. This battle was also the last time that British
King George V-class battleship (1939)
King_George_V-class_battleship_(1939)
Admiral Hipper-class cruiser
delaying the operation further, in the hopes that repairs to the battleship Scharnhorst would be completed or Bismarck's sistership Tirpitz would complete trials
German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen
Bismarck-class battleship of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine
the battleship. In September 1943, Tirpitz, along with the battleship Scharnhorst, bombarded Allied positions on Spitzbergen, the only time the ship used
German_battleship_Tirpitz
1806 battle of the War of the Fourth Coalition
Blücher, Carl von Clausewitz, August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, and Hermann von Boyen. Following the Prussian declaration of war, Napoleon
Battle_of_Jena–Auerstedt
Proposed class of Dutch battlecruisers
where the Dutch proposed that, in return for the complete plans for the Scharnhorst-class battleship, they would order all of the necessary equipment for
Design_1047_battlecruiser
Attempt by Germany during World War II to cut supply lines to Britain
783 U-boats and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Bismarck, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Tirpitz), 9 cruisers, 7 raiders, and 27 destroyers. This
Battle_of_the_Atlantic
the Pacific to attack British and Allied shipping. He had with him SMS Scharnhorst, SMS Gneisenau and SMS Emden and was quickly joined by Nurnberg and two
German commerce raiders in World War I
German_commerce_raiders_in_World_War_I
German plan to build a massive navy before World War II
ordered. These ships were cancelled and reordered as the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, which were 32,000-long-ton (32,510 t) ships armed with
Plan_Z
British designation for intelligence from decrypted enemy communications
of North Cape, in which HMS Duke of York sank the German battleship Scharnhorst, was entirely built on prompt deciphering of German naval signals. US
Ultra_(cryptography)
Large capital warship
fast battleships. Some new vessels built during that decade, the German Scharnhorst-class battleships and Deutschland-class cruisers and the French Dunkerque-class
Battlecruiser
Prussian military theorist (1780–1831)
and Friedrich Schleiermacher and won the regard of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, the future first chief-of-staff of the newly reformed Prussian Army
Carl_von_Clausewitz
Class of German World War II-era fast battleships
Bismarck, Tirpitz, and the two Scharnhorst-class battleships. Tirpitz was not yet ready for service by May 1941, and Scharnhorst was being overhauled. The
Bismarck-class_battleship
1907 Invincible-class battlecruiser of the Royal Navy
and her sister ship Invincible sank the German armoured cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau during the Battle of the Falkland Islands. Inflexible
HMS_Inflexible_(1907)
German admiral (1889–1941)
commanding the distant cover forces in the North Sea—which consisted of Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. His superior, Vizeadmiral Wilhelm Marschall, had fallen
Günther_Lütjens
Large armored warship with a main battery consisting of heavy caliber guns
strength to 35% of British tonnage. This permitted the construction of two Scharnhorst-class battleships, which were also a response to the Dunkerques. The
Battleship
Naval battle during the Second World War
supply lines during the Battle of the Atlantic. The two fast battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had just completed a similar operation, code-named Berlin
Battle_of_the_Denmark_Strait
Armored cruiser of the German Imperial Navy
iterative designs including Prinz Heinrich and the Prinz Adalbert, Roon, and Scharnhorst classes. Each new design incorporated incremental improvements over the
SMS_Blücher
1890 novel by Oscar Wilde
20-chapter version), line 3479 et seq. in plain text (Chapter VII). Scharnhorst, Gary (July 2010). "Oscar Wilde on the Origin of The Picture of Dorian
The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray
Full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and German Army
into effect.[citation needed] The Military Reorganization Commission opened military schools in Königsberg and Breslau. On 15 October 1810 Scharnhorst opened
German_General_Staff
1942 German military operation
ports in the Baltic Sea or Germany. The surviving ships, the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the cruiser Prinz Eugen, docked at the port of Brest
Operation_Donnerkeil
Royal Navy ships
where Invincible and Inflexible sank the German armoured cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau; despite numerous hits by the German ships, Inflexible
Invincible-class battlecruiser
Invincible-class_battlecruiser
1812 treaty between France and Prussia
Russia changed Frederick William's mind. In October, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst went to Saint Petersburg and informed the Russians that Prussia was in
Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)
Treaty_of_Paris_(24_February_1812)
American writer (1819–1891)
Retrieved January 21, 2025. Delbanco (2005), p. 7 Delbanco (2005), p. 294 Scharnhorst (1983) Buell (1998), p. 135 Chapin (1922), Introduction Herman Melville
Herman_Melville
Academy of Sciences, Engineering Transactions 29(1), 39–49. E. Haug, T. Scharnhorst, P. Du Bois (1986) "FEM-Crash, Berechnung eines Fahrzeugfrontalaufpralls"
Pam-Crash
transferred as a battery commander to Field Artillery Regiment "von Scharnhorst" (1st Hanoverian) No. 10, with which he fought in the Ypres area and
Max_Lindig
Light cruiser of the German Imperial Navy
December, Spee held a council aboard Scharnhorst to discuss their next moves. With the support of the captains of Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, he successfully
SMS_Dresden_(1907)
Proposed battlecruiser class of the German Navy
priorities for ship construction. Even with the completion of the two Scharnhorst-class battleships and the construction of two Bismarck-class battleships
O-class_battlecruiser
Remnants fighting with the Allies in WWII
in the sinking of the German battleship Scharnhorst in the Battle of the North Cape. Shortly after Scharnhorst's engagement with HMS Duke of York, Stord
Norwegian armed forces in exile
Norwegian_armed_forces_in_exile
Proposed German plan to invade Iceland
battlecruisers Gneisenau and Scharnhorst. However, by the time the plan was presented to Hitler on 20 June, the Scharnhorst had already been torpedoed in
Operation_Ikarus
German colony in Oceania (1900–1920)
of the occupation and hastened to Samoa with the armored cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau, arriving off Apia on 14 September 1914. He determined
German_Samoa
Unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945
the Convoy Routes, the Anti-Shipping Offensive and the Escape of the 'Scharnhorst' and 'Gneisenau'". Royal Air Force 1939–1945: The Fight at Odds. History
Wehrmacht
Battleship that emphasizes speed without undue compromises in armor or armament
35,000-ton limit; the French Dunkerque and Strasbourg and the German Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. The Dunkerque class was built in response to the German
Fast_battleship
Form of military tactics
Excellence in this case is derived in part from the tradition of Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Carl von Clausewitz and Helmuth von Moltke and was based upon the premise
Mission-type_tactics
strategically important dry dock in St Nazaire. The sinking of German battleship Scharnhorst by an Allied force that included HMS Savage, Saumarez, Scorpion, HNoMS
British World War II destroyers
British_World_War_II_destroyers
Luzon. An estimated 2,000 were killed. 2,000 Military 1943 Germany Scharnhorst – Lost in the Battle of North Cape on 26 December, being outgunned by
List of maritime disasters in World War II
List_of_maritime_disasters_in_World_War_II
Queen Elizabeth–class battleship
UK. She was diverted northwards in pursuit of the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau which had sunk the armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi north
HMS_Warspite_(03)
Deputy Defense Minister of DDR
Medal in Gold 1981 Honoured member of the National People's Army 1984 Scharnhorst Order 1986 Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold 1989 Order of Karl Marx Helmut
Horst_Brünner
German grand admiral (1891–1980)
this became the sole preserve of the U-boats after the dispatch of Scharnhorst at the Battle of the North Cape. Dönitz's plan for 1944 was simply to
Karl_Dönitz
Largest settlement and administrative centre of Svalbard, Norway
September 1943, the Kriegsmarine dispatched two battleships, Tirpitz and Scharnhorst, and nine destroyers to bombard Longyearbyen, Barentsburg and Grumant
Longyearbyen
Country in Central Europe (1949–1990)
Hardenberg (1750–1822), Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), and Gerhard von Scharnhorst (1755–1813) – as examples and role models. The communist regime of the
East_Germany
1920s ship in the British Navy
armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi was sunk by the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau on 23 November, Devonshire and the battleships Nelson and
HMS_Devonshire_(39)
Queen of Prussia from 1797 to 1810
carried out by Stein and Hardenberg, as well as those of Gerhard von Scharnhorst and August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, to reorganize the army. After the
Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Louise_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1917 Revenge-class battleship of the Royal Navy
Atlantic escort duties in 1941, during which time she prevented the two Scharnhorst-class battleships from attacking a convoy; she also joined the search
HMS_Ramillies_(07)
Practices associated with a military unit
the military traditions of the Prussian Reform Movement of Gerhard von Scharnhorst, August Neidhardt von Gneisenau and other reformers after Prussia's defeat
Military_tradition
Militaristic culture present in Germany between 1815 and 1945
reservists. This was known as the Krümpersystem, invented by Gerhard von Scharnhorst. The majority of officers were members of the landed gentry, which allowed
German_militarism
Action where a vessel turns on to its side or is upside down
battleship Kirishima, 15 November 1942, 212 casualties. German battleship Scharnhorst, 26 December 1943, sunk during the Battle of the North Cape, 1,932 dead
Capsizing
British and American author and journalist (1949–2011)
Hitchens was deployed on HMS Jamaica, which took part in the sinking of the Scharnhorst in the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December 1943. He paid tribute
Christopher_Hitchens
1940 naval sortie
Saalwächter) was ordered to conduct more operations with the Scharnhorst-class battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper. Admiral
Operation_Nordmark
Compulsory enrollment into national or military service
forces that outnumbered their own in some cases by more than ten to one. Scharnhorst advocated adopting the levée en masse, the military conscription used
Conscription
aircraft carrier HMS Glorious and two escorting destroyers. However Scharnhorst, damaged by a torpedo, returns to Trondheim with Gneisenau, leaving the
Timeline of the Norwegian campaign
Timeline_of_the_Norwegian_campaign
German coastal artillery in occupied France during World War II
fire, to support the return of the battleships Gneisenau and Scharnhorst, the two Scharnhorst-class battleships, the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen and escorts
Todt_Battery
Poem by Walt Whitman on the death of Abraham Lincoln
Loving 1999, p. 305. Genoways 2006, pp. 534–535. Coyle 1962, p. 235. Scharnhorst, Gary (2009). "'I didn't like his books': Julian Hawthorne on Whitman"
O_Captain!_My_Captain!
German field marshal (1875–1953)
in 1967: "To such a nadir of supine degradation had come the child of Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and Moltke." He called the Court "the final farce of casuistry"
Gerd_von_Rundstedt
2002 film by David Carson
Talbot Steve Byers as Roy Evarts Erin Karpluk as Madeline Bill Dow as Mr. Scharnhorst Andrew Robb as Danny Erbter David Neale as Officer Plessy Savannah Walker
Carrie_(2002_film)
Management personnel of a military unit
Austria's approach in the following years, especially when Gerhard von Scharnhorst, who as a Hanoverian staff officer had worked with the Austrian army
Staff_(military)
Part of World War II
countermeasures. The German battleship Scharnhorst sinks the British armed merchant vessel HMS Rawalpindi. The Scharnhorst and the accompanying Gneisenau are
Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic
Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic
Airborne warfare throughout World War II
fighting. On 1 and 2 July, the British attacked the German warships Scharnhorst and Prinz Eugen in the port of Kiel and the next day, 16 RAF bombers
Strategic bombing during World War II
Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II
British naval operation during the Second World War
Glowworm, fought the Action off Lofoten with the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) off the coast. The Germans disengaged
Operation_Wilfred
1916 Renown-class battlecruiser of the Royal Navy
forces during the Norwegian campaign and engaged the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau on 9 April. Renown spotted the German ships and fired first
HMS_Renown_(1916)
Type 1936-class destroyer
Z20 Karl Galster and Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp escorted the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau as well as the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper during the
German destroyer Z20 Karl Galster
German_destroyer_Z20_Karl_Galster
1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany
1940. He demanded that the increase in the firepower of the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau be accelerated. While recognizing that this would still
Munich_Agreement
German World War II submarine
west of Norway. An Arado Ar-196 seaplane from the German battlecruiser Scharnhorst attacked her, having mistaken her for a British submarine. Two days later
German_submarine_U-99_(1940)
German photographer (born 1946)
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Feuilleton. Retrieved 27 April 2016. Anke Scharnhorst. "Bergemann, Sibylle: * 29.8.1941, † 1.11.2010 Fotografin". Wer war wer
Michael_Weidt
was returning to Britain when she was sunk by the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in the North Sea on 8 June 1940. A clause in the Washington
List_of_sunken_battlecruisers
Type of cruiser in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
had 8.2-inch (208 mm) guns of a more modern design. The final pair, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, displaced 12,781 tons, steamed at 23.5 knots, carried
Armored_cruiser
Type of large warship
supersized cruiser design. Due to the German pocket battleships, the Scharnhorst class, and rumored Japanese "super cruisers", all of which carried guns
Cruiser
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