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Meteorological instrumentation
A scatterometer or diffusionmeter is a scientific instrument to measure the return of a beam of light or radar waves scattered by diffusion in a medium
Scatterometer
Earth observation satellite
The NASA QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer) was an Earth observation satellite carrying the SeaWinds scatterometer. Its primary mission was to measure the
QuikSCAT
Indian Earth observation satellite
ScatSat-1 (Scatterometer Satellite-1) was a satellite providing weather forecasting, cyclone prediction, and tracking services to India. It has been developed
ScatSat-1
Use of radar systems mounted on satellites
ocean topography a wind scatterometer to measure wind speed and direction After Seasat, SARs, altimeters and scatterometers have been flown on several
Space-based_radar
Rapidly rotating storm system
agencies that are issuing estimates on the same system. The ASCAT is a scatterometer used by the MetOp satellites to map the wind field vectors of tropical
Tropical_cyclone
2021 Antarctica breakaway iceberg
derived from ASCAT and OSCAT-2**". NASA Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder. 10 November 2023. Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder Antarctic iceberg
Iceberg_A-76
Largest ocean on Earth
Ocean Surface Current Analyses – Realtime (OSCAR) Near-realtime Pacific Ocean Surface Currents derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer data
Pacific_Ocean
Phase of a spacecraft project
McKay (right) at Kennedy Space Center with ISS-RapidScat, the radar scatterometer which was built at JPL. Specifically, they were testing the rotating
ATLO
Indian space scientist
Kiran Kumar (2014). "Cross Calibration of the OceanSAT -2 Scatterometer With QuikSCAT Scatterometer Using Natural Terrestrial Targets". Research Gate. Retrieved
A._S._Kiran_Kumar
American ocean observation satellite (1978)
altimeter to measure spacecraft height above the ocean surface Microwave scatterometer to measure wind speed and direction Scanning multichannel microwave
Seasat
Tropical Depression One-E after its cloud pattern had improved and scatterometer data identified a closed low-level circulation. The next day, the depression
2026_Pacific_hurricane_season
Theoretical relationship in oceanography
top panel) from the European Remote-Sensing Satellite ERS-1 and 2 Scatterometers on a 1 degree grid, averaged over 1991-2000, distributed by EUMETSAT
Sverdrup_balance
Concept for ocean circulation models
resting ocean wind stress. Data for relative wind stress is obtained from scatterometers. These accurately represent the relative wind stress as they measure
Relative_wind_stress
Derelict Japanese Earth observation satellite
radiometer with CCD detectors, was also produced by NASDA. The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), developed with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), used fan-beam
ADEOS_I
Maritime patrol and anti-submarine aircraft family
NASA's 2-DSTAR, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT) instruments. United States Department of Homeland Security
Lockheed_P-3_Orion
Prefecture of Japan
"Characteristics of the Yamase Winds Over Oceans Around Japan Observed by the Scatterometer-Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds". Journal of the Meteorological Society
Aomori_Prefecture
Violent mountain-gap wind traveling through Chivela Pass
Tehuantepec. These winds can be observed on satellite pictures such as scatterometer wind measurements, they influence waves which then propagate as swell
Tehuantepecer
Material that scatters light in optics
it receives. A reflective diffuser can be easily characterised by a scatterometer. A diffractive diffuser is a kind of diffractive optical element (DOE)
Diffuser_(optics)
Wind speed instrument (2014–2016)
September 2014 and operated until August 2016. ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the
ISS-RapidScat
European Space Agency Earth-observing satellite program
detect changes in surface heights with sub-millimeter precision. Wind Scatterometer used to calculate information on wind speed and direction. MWR is a
European Remote-Sensing Satellite
European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite
European weather satellite
imaging-focused B-type of the MetOp-SG series. It carries five instruments: a scatterometer for observing ocean-surface wind and soil moisture (SCA), a radio occultation
MetOp-SG_B1
at 11:00 UTC the system developed a well-defined circulation as a scatterometer pass showed that it was producing near tropical storm-force winds. Thus
2021_Pacific_hurricane_season
Indian class of oceanography satellites
(Scanning scatterometer) on Oceansat-2 became dysfunctional after its life span of four-and-a-half years. SCATSAT carries a Ku-band scatterometer similar
Oceansat
began organizing halfway between Africa and the Leeward Islands. Per scatterometer data, the wave attained gale-force winds on 16 September. On 17 September
2025 Atlantic hurricane season
2025_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Suspension of objects using sound waves
Salmi A., Penttilä A., Kassamakov I., Hæggström E., Muinonen K. 4π Scatterometer: A new technique for understanding the general and complete scattering
Acoustic_levitation
tropical storm through the Dvorak technique. At 23:30 UTC that day, scatterometer data revealed that 96C attained peak winds of 45 miles per hour (72 km/h)
2018_Pacific_hurricane_season
Indian Earth observation satellite
ocean-related studies, namely, Ocean Colour Monitor-2 (OCM-2), an OceanSat Scatterometer by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and an instrument called
Oceansat-2
North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2013
dislocated from the deepest convection, the system further intensified and a scatterometer pass from the Oceansat-2 satellite indicated winds up to 65 km/h (40 mph)
Cyclone_Viyaru
1902 mountaineering disaster in Japan
"Characteristics of the Yamase Winds over Oceans around Japan Observed by the Scatterometer-Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds". Journal of the Meteorological Society
Hakkōda_Mountains_disaster
moved rapidly westward under the influence of a subtropical ridge. Scatterometer passes indicating a closed circulation confirmed that Tropical Storm
2013 Atlantic hurricane season
2013_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Iranian American scientist (1946–2023)
Upon his return to JPL, he became the project manager for the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) project aimed at space-based radar measurement of winds over
Firouz_Naderi
Atlantic tropical storm
center due to strong upper-level wind shear. Nevertheless, an advanced scatterometer pass discovered peak winds of 40 mph (64 km/h) – tropical storm-force
Tropical_Storm_Danny_(2021)
Earth observation satellite launched by India
(462.1 mi) Inclination 98.4° Period 99.5 minutes Instruments Oceansat Scatterometer (OSCAT-3), The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-3), a Sea Surface Temperature
Oceansat-3
South-West Indian cyclone in 2018
upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on 3 March, based on scatterometer data, upon which it received the name Dumazile. Modest strengthening
Cyclone_Dumazile
Earth observation satellite of India
Geocentric orbit Regime Sun-synchronous orbit Instruments Oceansat Scatterometer (OSCAT-3), The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-3), a Sea Surface Temperature
EOS-10
the next day, based on an increase in deep convection and an advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) pass which indicated that it was producing minimal tropical-storm-force
2017 Atlantic hurricane season
2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Measure of aircraft visual distance
instrumented runway visual range (IRVR), which is measured by devices called scatterometers which provide simplified installation as they are integrated units and
Runway_visual_range
Wind in areas near the Adriatic Sea
Stefano Zecchetto; Francesco De Biasio; Marco Bajo (2005). "Features of Scatterometer Wind Observations in the Adriatic Sea". In Fletcher, Caroline A.; Spencer
Bora_(wind)
1985 Soviet space program with the first balloon flight on Venus
spectrometer IFP aerosol analyzer VM-4 hygrometer ISAV-A nephelometer/scatterometer Malakhit-V mass spectrometer ISAV-S UV spectrometer GZU VB-02 drill
Vega_program
Pacific typhoon in 2026
eyewall, leaving a moat. As Sinlaku neared the island of Saipan, a scatterometer passing directly over the storm's center revealed winds of gale-force
Typhoon_Sinlaku_(2026)
Cyclone season in Australia
10-minute sustained winds of 40 kn (75 km/h; 45 mph), according to scatterometer passes. Sea surface temperatures around 28 °C (82 °F), low wind shear
2021–22 Australian region cyclone season
2021–22_Australian_region_cyclone_season
Category 5 Pacific hurricane in 1973
Experiment Package sensors. Skylab also used a scatterometer on the system. Unfortunately, Skylab's scatterometer data was harder to use than normal as it was
Hurricane_Ava
European intergovernmental organisation
(Advanced Data Collection System) AMSU-A1 and AMSU-A2 ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) GOME-2 (Global Ozone
EUMETSAT
Prefecture capital and Core city in Tōhoku, Japan
"Characteristics of the Yamase Winds over Oceans around Japan Observed by the Scatterometer-Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds". Journal of the Meteorological Society
Aomori
Cyclone season in Australia
strong easterly vertical wind shear disrupting its structure, with scatterometer passes showing an elongated system. By 02:00 UTC on 23 February, the
2024–25 Australian region cyclone season
2024–25_Australian_region_cyclone_season
(370 km) east-southeast of the easternmost Cabo Verde Islands. Although scatterometer data suggested the possibility of gale-force winds within the thunderstorms
2020 Atlantic hurricane season
2020_Atlantic_hurricane_season
American oceanographer (1954–2020)
Scatterometry and led NASA's NSCAT and SeaWinds/ADEOS II space-borne scatterometer instrument development activities, as project scientist (NSCAT) and
Michael Freilich (oceanographer)
Michael_Freilich_(oceanographer)
Agency's decision to rename the cyclone was the best choice. Also, a scatterometer pass near 0500 UTC on July 23 indicated an open wave with no closed
2000_Pacific_typhoon_season
Large-scale southwesterly flow prompted the system to move slowly northeast. Scatterometer data indicated the depression soon strengthened into a tropical storm
2010_Pacific_hurricane_season
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone in 2017
center with banding features forming around its periphery. Satellite scatterometer data showed an area of gale-force winds along the north-eastern side
Cyclone_Hola
Type of satellite designed to record the state of the Earth's atmosphere
active instruments ranging in design from imagers and sounders to a scatterometer and a radio-occultation instrument. The satellite service module is
Weather_satellite
Pacific typhoon in 2023
The same day, the depression upgraded to a tropical storm after a scatterometer pass revealed winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) in the southwest quadrant, as
Typhoon_Mawar
reaching the Gulf of Mexico, a low-pressure formed on October 24. After scatterometer data and satellite imagery indicated the presence of a closed circulation
2019 Atlantic hurricane season
2019_Atlantic_hurricane_season
organized, area of convection the following day. A post-season analysis of scatterometer data revealed that the depression became a tropical storm by early morning
2024_Pacific_hurricane_season
track westward and eventually west-northwestward. By May 22, however, scatterometer data began to indicate that the system was becoming better defined,
2014_Pacific_hurricane_season
radar. From 1983 to 1988, he was the project engineer for the NASA Scatterometer. He was principal investigator for an airborne rain mapping radar, an
Fuk_Li
Description of radar types, purposes and specifications
details Automatic Radar Plotting Aid Low probability of intercept Radar scatterometer Radar tracker List of military electronics of the United States "AN/PPS-5B
List_of_radar_types
Dvorak intensity observations and surface wind data from satellite scatterometer confirmed that the depression further intensified to the eighth tropical
2021_Pacific_typhoon_season
winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). This was based on an image from the advanced scatterometer, which showed winds of 65–75 km/h (40–45 mph) along the system's western
2015_Pacific_typhoon_season
pressure. The low-pressure area further organized, with satellite and scatterometer data later showing the system had developed a well-defined closed circulation
2023_Pacific_hurricane_season
and mobile detectors obtain the direction and severity of lightning. Scatterometers and transmissometers, where the extinction of a visual signal through
Present_weather_sensor
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone in 2017
low-level center was becoming more well defined. Further observations from scatterometer data suggested the system's center was no longer elongated, and the
Cyclone_Ava
Function of four real variables that defines how light is reflected at an opaque surface
the BRDF models. A fast way to measure BRDF or BTDF is a conoscopic scatterometer The advantage of this measurement instrument is that a near-hemispheric
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
Bidirectional_reflectance_distribution_function
of SSM/I derived winds, and rain-flagging algorithm for the QuikScat scatterometer. He is best known for his work with Frank Wentz in developing a satellite
Carl_Mears
acquisition, microwave remote sensing laboratory (anechoic chamber, mobile scatterometer), remote sensing digital photographic laboratory and remote sensing
Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency
Malaysian_Remote_Sensing_Agency
storm began to strengthen significantly by October 1, with an Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) pass on the following day confirming that Philippe was a strong
2011 Atlantic hurricane season
2011_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2012
began to regain deep convection. Geostationary satellite imagery and scatterometer data indicated that the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm
Hurricane_Nadine
Iowa State University of Science and Technology. "QuikSCAT/SeaWinds Scatterometer on 6 November 2006" (PNG). Center for Satellite Applications and Research
2006_Pacific_typhoon_season
air, and an otherwise disheveled satellite appearance, an advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) pass indicated a maximum sustained wind speed of 50 mph (80 km/h)
2016 Atlantic hurricane season
2016_Atlantic_hurricane_season
(29.4 inHg) 18 hours later. Just after 12:00 UTC on October 5, ASCAT scatterometer and satellite data indicated that Oscar degenerated into a trough while
2012 Atlantic hurricane season
2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season
depression to a tropical storm after European Space Agency's Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) suggested that the cyclone was a tropical storm. Was upgraded
List of unnamed tropical cyclones
List_of_unnamed_tropical_cyclones
Indian scientist
scanning microwave radiometer instrument of Oceansat-1 and Scanning Scatterometer of Oceansat-2. He conceptualised and led development of highly miniaturised
Tapan_Misra
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2020
intrusion. At 18:00 UTC on October 4, analysis of satellite imagery and scatterometer data found a well-defined circulation center sustaining sufficiently-organized
Hurricane_Delta
North Atlantic Ocean research project
vertical structure are estimated via Ekman transports by satellite scatterometer measurements and the geostrophic and direct current observations. RAPID-MOCHA
Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array
Rapid_Climate_Change-Meridional_Overturning_Circulation_and_Heatflux_Array
Pacific typhoon in 2021
trough, while convective bursts occurred around the system. An advanced scatterometer pass featured below gale-force winds on its northwest quadrant. The
Typhoon_Rai
American scientist
Rahmat-Samii, Y. (November 2000). "A large-antenna microwave radiometer-scatterometer". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 38 (6). IEEE:
Eni_G._Njoku
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2025
began organizing halfway between Africa and the Leeward Islands. Per scatterometer data, the wave attained gale-force winds on 16 September. On 17 September
Hurricane_Gabrielle_(2025)
became a depression and drifted around for another day. On 4 January, scatterometer data at 1330 UTC indicated the presence of 30-35 mph winds over the
1997–98 Australian region cyclone season
1997–98_Australian_region_cyclone_season
Pacific typhoon in 2017
upgraded the system to a tropical depression early on July 26, after scatterometer data and the Dvorak technique revealed sufficient organization. Soon
Typhoon_Nesat_(2017)
Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 2021
a developing closed circulation on the system. With the additional scatterometer data retrieved from the disturbance and Dvorak ratings of T2.0, along
Hurricane_Pamela
Pacific typhoon in 2016
tropical storm via the Dvorak technique, with the winds proved by a recent scatterometer pass. The JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Mindulle
Typhoon_Mindulle_(2016)
roughly 80 mi (130 km) east of the Nicaragua–Honduras border. ASCAT scatterometer data shortly thereafter resulted in the depression being upgraded to
2014 Atlantic hurricane season
2014_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Pacific typhoon in 2019
or thunderstorms. A circulation was later detected the next day by a scatterometer, seemingly aided by the storm's twin cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere
Typhoon_Wutip_(2019)
Assembly method for minute structures
much time and is also labor-intensive. On the other hand, the optical scatterometer-based metrology is a non-invasive technique and has very high throughput
Directed assembly of micro- and nano-structures
Directed_assembly_of_micro-_and_nano-structures
American engineer (1923-2012)
One of its early inventions was the radar radiometer and later the scatterometer. Such an instrument was flown on Skylab as the S-193 RADSCAT. He served
Richard_Moore_(engineer)
Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 2013
and thunderstorm activity began forming over the center. Two Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) passes indicated several 39 to 43 mph (63 to 69 km/h) wind vectors
Hurricane_Cosme_(2013)
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2020
was confined to a rainband well to the northwest of the storm's core. Scatterometer data indicate the system continued producing tropical storm-force winds
Hurricane_Iota
Derelict Japanese Earth observation satellite
properties of the aerosols and their role in radiation budget. SeaWinds is a scatterometer that provides wind speed and direction by observing the microwave reflection
ADEOS_II
later, the JTWC upgraded Lingling to a tropical storm, based on the scatterometer data and Dvorak estimates; though post-analysis revealed that the system
2014_Pacific_typhoon_season
European meteorological satellites
production, rather than EUMETSAT as this is not a weather instrument. Scatterometer: A real-aperture pulsed imaging radar that will provide measurements
MetOp-SG
Category 4 Australian region cyclone in 2017
the system was likely to acquire gale-force winds within 24 hours. A scatterometer pass at 11:56 UTC revealed surface winds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph) and
Cyclone_Debbie
American aerospace engineer (1939–2016)
that the instrument package containing a radar altimeter, windfield scatterometer, synthetic aperture radar, scanning multichannel microwave radiometer
George_Born
South-West Indian Ocean intense tropical cyclone in 2024–2025
La Reunion area of responsibility late on 4 January 2025. Advanced scatterometer data on 6 January indicated that the low-level circulation was elongated
Cyclone_Dikeledi
Device used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a medium
radiation Spectrometer, to analyze spectrum of electromagnetic radiation Scatterometer, to measure scattered radiation Microfluorimetry, to measure fluorescence
Fluorometer
center. On June 18, the JTWC upgraded Talim to a tropical storm, as a scatterometer pass supported gale-force winds on the southern periphery of the system
2012_Pacific_typhoon_season
Category 1 Atlantic hurricane
across the Caribbean and appeared well-organized on satellite imagery. Scatterometer data and ship observations revealed tropical storm-force winds south
Hurricane_Nana_(2020)
Series of European meteorological satellites
Satellite System Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding ASCAT – Advanced SCATterometer GOME-2 – Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 MetOp has been developed
MetOp
Category 2 Atlantic hurricane
after. The next day, convective activity became better defined, but scatterometer data did not yet confirm a closed circulation. However, intense storms
Hurricane_Ernesto_(2024)
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to oceanography
Oceansat-1 QuikSCAT – An Earth observation satellite carrying the SeaWinds scatterometer to measure the surface wind speed and direction over the ice-free global
Outline_of_oceanography
Atlantic tropical storm in 2025
warm, around 82 to 84 °F (28 to 29 °C). At around 18:00 UTC on July 4, scatterometer data indicated that the area of low pressure while showing a significant
Tropical_Storm_Chantal_(2025)
SCATTEROMETER
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