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Hierarchy in road traffic
{{{annotations}}} {{{annotations}}} A road hierarchy is a system for categorizing roads. Road networks worldwide are typically organized according to
Road_hierarchy
Land route
A road is a thoroughfare from one place to another, primarily used for movement of traffic. Many roads are paved. The words "road" and "street" are commonly
Road
Road building method by John Loudon McAdam
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam c. 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers
Macadam
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of
Types_of_road
High-capacity urban road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed
Arterial_road
Long, open, level area near a river or larger water body
v t e Road hierarchy Types of road Limited-access Freeway / Motorway Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway Elevated highway By country Australia
Esplanade
Road surface of macadam, tar and sand
Tarmacadam (a portmanteau of "tar" and "macadam") or tarmac is a road surfacing material made by combining tar and macadam (crushed stone and sand), patented
Tarmacadam
Urban planning restricting through traffic of automobiles
The street hierarchy is an urban planning technique for laying out road networks that exclude automobile through-traffic from developed areas. It is conceived
Street_hierarchy
System of elements that are subordinated to each other
A hierarchy (from Ancient Greek ἱεραρχία (hierarkhía) 'rule of a high priest', from ἱεράρχης (hierárkhēs) 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement
Hierarchy
Retroreflective safety device used in road marking
A cat's eye, or road stud, is a retroreflective safety device used in road marking and was the first of a range of raised pavement markers. The cat's eye
Cat's_eye_(road)
Roadway for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage
A toll road, also known as a tollway, or (mainly in the US) a turnpike or pike, is a public or private road for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage
Toll_road
Type of trucking vehicle
A road train, also known as a land train or long combination vehicle (LCV), is a semi-trailer truck used to move road freight more efficiently than single-trailer
Road_train
Type of road encircling a settlement
ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling
Ring_road
Roads that were closed or never used
An unused roadway or ramp may often be referred to as an abandoned road, ghost road, highway to nowhere, stub ramp, ghost ramp, ski jump, stub street,
Unused_highway
Natural stones for surfacing roads and buildings
building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred
Cobblestone
Road junction where two or more roads either meet or cross at grade
more roads converge, diverge, meet or cross at the same height, as opposed to an interchange, which uses bridges or tunnels to separate different roads. Major
Intersection_(road)
Road covered with durable surface material
A road surface (British English) or pavement (North American English) is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular
Road_surface
Wide road with buildings on sides
Boulevard M G Road Anna Salai Indira Gandhi Sarani Marine Drive Krishnaraja Boulevard Rajpath Necklace Road Mahatma Gandhi Road Foreshore Road Jalan Jenderal
Boulevard
Street with only one way in and out
land in the subdivision, a dendrite or hierarchical pattern. Since the 1960s, the pattern has been the dominant road network structure of suburbs and exurbs
Dead-end_street
Route raised up on an embankment
A causeway is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth
Causeway
Public road or other public way on land
term is any public or private road or other public way on land, including not just major roads but also other public roads and rights of way. In the United
Highway
Vegetative strip beside a roadway
A road verge is a strip of groundcover consisting of grass or garden plants, and sometimes also shrubs and trees, located between a roadway and a sidewalk
Road_verge
Type of interchange between highways and minor roads
controlled access highway, such as a motorway or freeway, and a minor road. The slip roads to and from the motorway carriageways converge at a single roundabout
Roundabout_interchange
Type of road
directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median strip (AmE). Roads with two or more carriageways which are designed to higher standards with
Dual_carriageway
Thin coating of glazed ice on a surface
itself is not black, but visually transparent, allowing the often black road below to be seen through it and light to be transmitted. The typically low
Black_ice
Road junction that uses grade separation
In the field of road transport, an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations
Interchange_(road)
Block for masonry construction
By the Qujialing period (3300 BC), fired bricks were being used to pave roads and as building foundations at Chengtoushan. According to Lukas Nickel,
Brick
Road-vehicular manoeuvre for turning across lanes of opposing traffic
cyclists specifically and in countries with right-handed traffic), is a road cycling manoeuvre or a motor vehicle traffic-control mechanism in which vehicles
Hook_turn
Edge where a sidewalk meets a road
or kerb (British English) is the edge where a raised sidewalk/pavement or road median/central reservation meets a street/other roadway. Although curbs have
Curb
Part of a carriageway meant for a single line of vehicles
In road transport, a lane is part of a roadway that is designated to be used by a single line of vehicles to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic
Lane
Pavement surface treatment
aggregate. In the United States, chipseals are typically used on rural roads carrying lower traffic volumes, and the process is often referred to as
Chipseal
List of roads or other routes with the same name
Roads in China may refer to: Expressways of China China National Highways Other streets and roads in China History of transport in China Media related
Roads_in_China
Traffic intersection
A roundabout, a rotary and a traffic circle are types of circular road in which traffic is permitted to flow in one direction around a central island.
Roundabout
Roads built with water-pervious materials
Permeable paving can also include a variety of surfacing techniques for roads, parking lots, and pedestrian walkways. Permeable pavement surfaces may
Permeable_paving
Reserve lane by the verge of a roadway
English) is an emergency stopping lane by the verge on the outer side of a road or motorway. Many wider freeways, or expressways elsewhere have shoulders
Shoulder_(road)
streets are the lowest road type in the hierarchy, and provide access to the bulk of residential homes. Controlled-access roads in the ACT are often known
Road infrastructure in Canberra
Road_infrastructure_in_Canberra
Roadbed made of logs perpendicular to the direction travel
A corduroy road or log road is a type of road or timber trackway made by placing logs, perpendicular to the direction of the road over a low or swampy
Corduroy_road
Cone-shaped marker used for traffic management
Traffic cones, also called pylons, witches' hats, road cones, highway cones, safety cones, caution cones, channelizing devices, construction cones, roadworks
Traffic_cone
Shallow section of river or stream
flood conditions. A ford is therefore normally only suitable for very minor roads (and for paths intended for walkers and horse riders etc.). Most modern
Ford_(crossing)
Rectangular stone for surfacing roads and walkways
or Belgian block, is a broadly rectangular quarried stone used in paving roads and walkways. Formerly in widespread use, particularly on steeper streets
Sett_(paving)
Type of major road, usually connecting major settlements
Trunk roads are planned and managed at the national level, distinguishing them from non-trunk roads which are managed by local authorities. Trunk roads are
Trunk_road
Type of road
road is a type of road whose surface has not been sealed with a pavement treatment, such as concrete or bitumen. An unpaved road can be a dirt road,
Unpaved_road
Type of road in some U.S. states
States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road (sometimes farm road or ranch road for short) is a state highway or county road that connects rural or
Farm-to-market_road
Formation of ripples in gravel and dirt roads
transverse ripples in the surface of gravel and dirt roads. Washboarding occurs in dry, granular road material with repeated traffic, traveling at speeds
Washboarding
Highway designed for high-speed, regulated traffic flow
provided at interchanges by slip roads (ramps), which allow for speed changes between the highway and arterials and collector roads. On the controlled-access
Controlled-access_highway
Type of thoroughfare
Korawich Kavee as a stroad. Arterial road Collector road Intersection (road) Mobility transition Ring road Road hierarchy Road traffic safety § Designing for
Stroad
Intersection where a road crosses a railway at the same level
A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road, path, or (in rare situations) airport runway, at the same level, as opposed to
Level_crossing
Type of road
A sealed road is a road whose surface has been permanently sealed by the use of one of several pavement treatments, often of composite construction. In
Sealed_road
Type of unpaved road surfaced with gravel
A gravel road is a type of unpaved road surfaced with gravel that has been brought to the site from a quarry or stream bed. Gravel roads are common in
Gravel_road
Directionality of traffic flow by jurisdiction
to the right side of the road, respectively. They are fundamental to traffic flow, and are sometimes called a "rule of the road". The terms right- and left-hand
Left-_and_right-hand_traffic
Type of highway
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway, partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway
Limited-access_road
270 mi), are state-owned roads, which are further classified into a road hierarchy. The hierarchy consists of: Trunk roads – major highways which are
Highways_in_Australia
Construction material
Driveway Frontage road Green lane Main street Primitive road Side road Single-track road Sunken lane Other terms Concurrency Detour Road hierarchy Private highway
Glassphalt
Methods and measures for reducing the risk of death and injury on roads
have not been identified, particularly low-traffic rural and remote roads, a hierarchy of control should be applied, similar to classifications used to improve
Road_safety
Type of private road for local access to one or a small group of structures
A driveway (also called drive in UK English) is a private road for local access to one or a small group of structures owned and maintained by an individual
Driveway
Modular concrete or plastic barrier for separating vehicle traffic
another by sections of fresh concrete poured on-site. Their widespread use in road construction has led to wide application as a generic, portable barrier during
Jersey_barrier
Road or track that is lower than the land on either side
holloway) is a road or track that is significantly lower than the land on either side, not formed by the (recent) engineering of a road cutting but possibly
Sunken_lane
Bridge, road, railway, or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway
a road only) in the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, is a bridge, road, railway or similar structure that is over another road or
Overpass
Unpaved rural route wider than a footpath
A green lane is a type of road in the United Kingdom, usually an unmetalled or unpaved rural route. In particular, a green lane is unmetalled, and may
Green_lane_(road)
Freeway interchange design
interchange in which the opposing directions of travel on the non-freeway road cross each other on either side of the interchange so that traffic crossing
Diverging_diamond_interchange
Prioritising vulnerable sustainable road users
transport hierarchy (Wales), urban transport hierarchy or road user hierarchy (Australia, UK) is a hierarchy of modes of passenger transport prioritising
Green_transport_hierarchy
Minor highway typically leading off a main road
A side road is a minor highway typically leading off a main road. A side road may be so minor as to be uncategorized with a road number. In an urban area
Side_road
Road with nothing to separate opposing flows of traffic
A single carriageway (British English) is a road with one, two or more lanes arranged within a one carriageway with no central reservation/median strip
Single_carriageway
Asset Management: Deterioration and Climate Change Adaptation in Ontario Roads (PDF) (PhD). University of Toronto. Archived (PDF) from the original on
Pavement_cracking
the largest road network in the world. At (1.94 km, 1.21 mi) of roads per square kilometre of land, the quantitative density of India's road network is
Roads_in_India
Animal mortality in traffic
source of fatality; and if one were to estimate the entire mileage of such roads in the state, the mortality must mount into the hundreds and perhaps thousands
Wildlife–vehicle_collision
Classification system for human settlements
A settlement hierarchy is a way of arranging settlements into a hierarchy based upon their size.[clarification needed] The term is used by landscape historians
Settlement_hierarchy
Design of road
2+1 road is a specific category of three-lane road, consisting of two lanes in one direction and one lane in the other, alternating every few kilometres
2+1_road
Type of rural road
A back road is a secondary type of road usually found in rural areas. A country lane is a narrow road in the countryside. Back roads tend to have narrow
Back_road
Any kind of device or material used on a road surface to convey official information
Road surface marking is any kind of device or material that is used on a road surface in order to convey official information; they are commonly placed
Road_surface_marking
Composite construction material
including asphalt concrete with a bitumen binder, which is frequently used for road surfaces, and polymer concretes that use polymers as a binder. Concrete is
Concrete
Acute curve (often one of a series) in a road, especially on a steep incline
corner) is a bend in a road with a very acute inner angle, making it necessary for a vehicle to turn about 180° to continue on the road. It is named for its
Hairpin_turn
Roads connecting streets to arterial roads
A collector road or distributor road is a low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads. Unlike arterials
Collector_road
Roads in Italy are an important mode of transport in Italy. The classification of roads of Italy is regulated by the Italian traffic code, both from a
Roads_in_Italy
Type of road
A frontage road (also known as an access road, outer road, service road, feeder road, or parallel road) is a local road running parallel to a higher-speed
Frontage_road
Freestanding fixture meant to aid in pedestrian and vehicle safety
conditions pose a greater threat than the guardrail itself. In fact, in the hierarchy[clarification needed] of five roadside safety treatments, shielding with
Guard_rail
Unpaved road made from the land's native material
A dirt road or dirt track is a type of unpaved road not paved with asphalt, concrete, brick, or stone; made from the native material of the land surface
Dirt_road
Pedestrian path along the side of a road
Indian, Irish and New Zealand English) is a footpath along the side of a road or street, designed primarily for pedestrians and low-speed personal transporters
Sidewalk
Path made over frozen water rather than land
An ice road or ice bridge is a human-made structure that runs on a frozen water surface (a river, a lake or a sea water expanse). Ice roads are typically
Ice_road
Landscaped thoroughfare
other heavy vehicles are excluded. Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets
Parkway
Object in the middle of a road designed to channel traffic
in a road that channels traffic. It can also be a narrow strip of an island between roads that intersect at an acute angle. If the island uses road markings
Traffic_island
Safety feature, used on steeply-graded down-hill roads
gravel-filled lane connected to a steep downhill grade section of a main road, and is designed to accommodate large trucks or buses. It allows a moving
Runaway_truck_ramp
Movement of vehicles and pedestrians along land routes
land routes. Traffic laws govern and regulate traffic, while rules of the road include traffic laws and informal rules that may have developed over time
Traffic
Seasonal road on frozen terrain
A winter road is a seasonal road only usable during the winter, i.e. it has to be re-built every year. This road typically runs over land and over frozen
Winter_road
System used in industry to eliminate or minimize exposure to hazards
fields such as road safety. Various illustrations are used to depict this system, most commonly a triangle. The hazard controls in the hierarchy are, in order
Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls
Type of freeway interchange
grade separated junction between two roads where all turns that require crossing over or under the opposite road's lanes of travel to complete the turn
Stack_interchange
Reserved area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways
middelmannetjie, which originally referred to the hump between wheel ruts on a dust road). Neutral section and central nature strip[citation needed] are coinages
Median_strip
Poland, public roads are classified into two kinds of road hierarchies: road classes (according to technical and functional parameters) and road categories
Classes and categories of public roads in Poland
Classes_and_categories_of_public_roads_in_Poland
Straight path or road with a line of trees or large shrubs on both sides
(from Portuguese and Spanish), or allée (from French) is a straight path or road that runs between dual rows of trees or large shrubs. As its Latin origin
Avenue_(landscape)
One-lane road that permits two-way travel
A single-track road or one-lane road is a road that permits two-way travel but is not wide enough in most places to allow vehicles to pass one another
Single-track_road
Concrete traffic barrier
Driveway Frontage road Green lane Main street Primitive road Side road Single-track road Sunken lane Other terms Concurrency Detour Road hierarchy Private highway
Constant-slope_barrier
Road composed of wooden planks or puncheon logs
A plank road is a road composed of wooden planks or puncheon logs, as an efficient technology for traversing soft, marshy, or otherwise difficult ground
Plank_road
Type of living street design
Within erven and woonerven: Pedestrians can use the full width of the public road; and playing is also allowed. Drivers may not endanger pedestrians or hinder
Woonerf
Modification of a cloverleaf interchange
letter A designates that two ramps meet the freeway ahead of the arterial road, while B designates that two ramps meet the freeway beyond the crossing.
Partial cloverleaf interchange
Partial_cloverleaf_interchange
Curve in a road that has claimed lives because of numerous crashes
Dead Man's Curve is an American nickname for a curve in a road that has claimed many lives because of numerous crashes. A curve on Sunset Boulevard in
Dead_Man's_Curve
Type of road junction
transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or airport runways. Bridges (or overpasses
Grade_separation
American urban planning theorist
work. Today his theories are applicable to transport planning using a road hierarchy model in urbanism; one of the more developed examples of his ideas is
Melvin_M._Webber
Kingdom has a well developed and extensive network of roads totalling about 262,300 miles (422,100 km). Road distances are shown in miles or yards and UK speed
Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom
Road bearing more than one route number
In a road network, a concurrency is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different route numbers. The practice is often economically
Concurrency_(road)
Infrastructure for draining excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces
receive water from street gutters on most motorways, freeways and other busy roads, as well as towns in areas with heavy rainfall that leads to flooding, and
Storm_drain
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