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Genetic element
Retroposons are repetitive DNA fragments which are inserted into chromosomes after they had been reverse transcribed from any RNA molecule. In contrast
Retroposon
Family of mammals
skunks, so they are now included in the skunk family. A 2017 study using retroposon markers indicated that they are most closely related to the Ailuridae
Mephitidae
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
PMC 1395351. PMID 16515367. Nishihara H, Maruyama S, Okada N (March 2009). "Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence
Mammal
Suborder of rodents
containing the beavers, gophers and the kangaroo rats. A 2017 study using retroposon markers indicated that they are most closely related to the Anomaluromorpha
Castorimorpha
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Metatheria
Guinea and Sulawesi relatively recently via Australia. A 2010 analysis of retroposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of a variety of marsupials has confirmed
Marsupial
Family of rodents that includes the domestic guinea pig
"Phylogeny of the order Rodentia inferred from structural analysis of short retroposon B1" (PDF). General Genetics. Archived from the original (PDF) on March
Caviidae
Clade of birds
Jürgen Schmitz's group, based on genetic analysis of the insertion of retroposons into the genomes of key avian lineages over the course of evolution during
Psittacopasseres
Magnorder of mammals
PMC 1413940. PMID 16492730. Nishihara, H.; Maruyama, S.; Okada, N. (2009). "Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence
Atlantogenata
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Eutheria
appeared with Waddell, Hasegawa and Okada in 1999. "Jumping genes"-type retroposon presence/absence patterns have provided corroboration of phylogenetic
Placentalia
Semiaquatic rodent
Schmitz, Jürgen (2017). "The beaver's phylogenetic lineage illuminated by retroposon reads". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 43562. Bibcode:2017NatSR...743562D.
Beaver
Type of genetic component
Low MJ, Rubinstein M (October 2007). "Ancient exaptation of a CORE-SINE retroposon into a highly conserved mammalian neuronal enhancer of the proopiomelanocortin
Retrotransposon
Group of mammals that walk on the tips of their toes or hooves
"Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26):
Ungulate
Superorder of mammals
Baertsch, R.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J. R.; Schmitz, J. R. (2009). "Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals". Genome Research. 19 (5): 868–875
Euarchontoglires
Family of insectivorous mammals
Thewissen, J. G. M.; Stanhope, Michael J.; Okada, Norihiro (2005). "A Retroposon Analysis of Afrotherian Phylogeny". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22
Sengi
Clade of birds
M.; Kelsey, D.; Brosius, J.; Kriegs, J. O.; Schmitz, J. (June 2012). "Retroposon Insertion Patterns of Neoavian Birds: Strong Evidence for an Extensive
Neoaves
Superorder of mammals
Baertsch, R.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J. R.; Schmitz, J. R. (2009). "Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals". Genome Research. 19 (5): 868–875
Laurasiatheria
Birds of prey in the genus Falco
Retrieved 1 May 2024. Suh A, Paus M, Kiefmann M, et al. (2011). "Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds". Nature
Falcon
Order of mammals
Schmitz, Jürgen (2017). "The beaver's phylogenetic lineage illuminated by retroposon reads". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 43562. Bibcode:2017NatSR...743562D.
Rodent
Largest species of toothed whale
Shedlock, A.; Fordyce, R. E.; Hasegawa, M. & Okada, N. (19 June 2001). "Retroposon analysis of major cetacean lineages: The monophyly of toothed whales and
Sperm_whale
Root of a phylogenetic tree
Penny, David (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Basal_(phylogenetics)
Clade of mammals
molecular phylogenetic studies. While preliminary analysis of a set of retroposons shared by both Afrotheria, and Boreoeutheria (presence/absence data)
Epitheria
Mammal grandorder containing treeshrews, colugos, and primates
Churakov, Jan Ole Kriegs, Robert Baertsch, Anja Zemann, Jürgen Brosius, Jürgen Schmitz. 2008. Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals
Euarchonta
Genus of marsupials
Schmitz, J. (2010). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Marsupial_mole
Order of mammals
Retrieved 23 August 2015. Shimamura, M. (1997). "Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates". Nature. 388 (6643):
Artiodactyla
Order of egg-laying mammals
Schmitz J (July 2010). "Tracking marsupial evolution using archaic genomic retroposon insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Monotreme
Clade of mammals consisting of carnivorans and pholidotes
"Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26):
Ferae
Order of birds
"Determining the Position of Storks on the Phylogenetic Tree of Waterbirds by Retroposon Insertion Analysis". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (12): 3180–3189.
Pelecaniformes
Clade of birds
"Determining the Position of Storks on the Phylogenetic Tree of Waterbirds by Retroposon Insertion Analysis". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (12): 3180–3189.
Aequornithes
Order of birds
Kiefmann, M.; Churakov; Franke; Brosius; Kriegs; Schmitz (2011). "Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds". Nature
Parrot
Clade of mammals
"Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26):
Scrotifera
Superorder of marsupials
Penny, David (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Australidelphia
Family of marsupials
J. (2010-07-27). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Shrew_opossum
Order of marsupials
Penny, David (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Microbiotheria
Clade of birds
Franke; Jürgen Brosius; Jan Ole Kriegs; Jürgen Schmitz (2011). "Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds". Nature
Eufalconimorphae
Order of hoofed mammals
"Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 103
Perissodactyla
Type of wading bird
"Determining the Position of Storks on the Phylogenetic Tree of Waterbirds by Retroposon Insertion Analysis". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (12): 3180–3189.
Stork
Proposed clade of placental mammals
hdl:11336/78055. PMID 34879616. Nishihara, H., Maruyama, S. & Okada, N. 2009. Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence
Exafroplacentalia
Group of mammals comprising horses, dogs, and pangolins, among others
within Laurasiatheria. It received support in a phylogenetic study using retroposon insertion analysis, where it was found to be the sister taxon to Chiroptera
Zooamata
Superorder of marsupials
J. (2010-07-27). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Ameridelphia
Extinct family of flightless birds
PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805. Alexander Suh; et al. (2011-08-23). "Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds". Nature
Phorusrhacidae
Superorder of mammals containing elephants and elephant shrews
Nikaido, M.; Thewissen, J.G.M.; Stanhope, M.J.; Okada, N. (2005). "A retroposon analysis of Afrotherian phylogeny". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22
Afrotheria
Order of marsupials
J. (2010-07-27). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Paucituberculata
Order of birds
Franke; Jürgen Brosius; Jan Ole Kriegs; Jürgen Schmitz (2011). "Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds". Nature
Falconiformes
Species of marsupial
Penny, D. (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Monito_del_monte
Polyphyletic group of birds
Schmitz, J. (2010). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Ratite
PMC 1395351. PMID 16515367. Nishihara H, Maruyama S, Okada N (March 2009). "Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence
Evolution_of_mammals
Taxonomy of mammals
1093/molbev/msm136. PMID 17630282. Nishihara, H.; Maruyama, S.; Okada, N. (2009). "Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence
Mammal_classification
Extinct genus of mammals
Zuoyan, A. M. Shedlock, R. E. Fordyce, M. Hasegawa and N. Okada. 2001. Retroposon analysis of major cetacean lineages: the monophyly of toothed whales and
Eobalaenoptera
Class of mobile genetic elements
patterns indicate an enzymatic involvement in integration of mammalian retroposons". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Long interspersed nuclear element
Long_interspersed_nuclear_element
Birds that cannot fly
2007-08-27. Haddrath, O.; Baker, A. J. (2012). "Multiple nuclear genes and retroposons support vicariance and dispersal of the palaeognaths, and an Early Cretaceous
Flightless_bird
Evolution: Education and Outreach 2:272–288. Nikaido, M.; Matsuno, F. (2001). "Retroposon analysis of major cetacean lineages: The monophyly of toothed whales and
Evolution_of_cetaceans
Paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama
J. (2010-07-27). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Great_American_Interchange
Function of trait, shifted by evolution
concept of exaptation to the genetic level. It is possible to look at a retroposon, originally thought to be simply junk DNA, and deduce that it may have
Exaptation
Clade of mammals
Nikaido, M.; Thewissen, J.G.M.; Stanhope, M.J.; Okada, N. (2005). "A retroposon analysis of Afrotherian phylogeny". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22
Paenungulatomorpha
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
Penny, David (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
Evidence_of_common_descent
Family of marsupials
Penny, David (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Microbiotheriidae
DNA component used as cladistic marker
doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2797. PMID 10369767. Nishihara H, Okada N (2008). "Retroposons: Genetic Footprints on the Evolutionary Paths of Life". Phylogenomics
Retrotransposon_marker
Protein-coding gene in Humans
high-fat foods. (BALB/cJ Npc1 mouse models were used, which "possesses a retroposon insertion that prematurely terminates protein translation, thereby producing
NPC1
Extinct order of mammals
Nikaido, M.; Thewissen, J. G.; Stanhope, M. J.; Okada, N. (2005). "A retroposon analysis of Afrotherian phylogeny". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22
Ptolemaiida
Extinct genus of mammals
Schmitz, J. (2010). Tracking marsupial evolution using archaic genomic retroposon insertions. PLoS biology, 8(7), e1000436. Kurz, C. (2005). Ecomorphology
Peradectes
Protein-coding gene in humans
class III region. Molecular cloning, exon-intron structure, composite retroposon, and breakpoint of gene duplication". Journal of Biological Chemistry
STK19
Functionless relative of a gene
pseudogenes Molecular evolution Molecular paleontology Pseudogene (database) Retroposon Retrotransposon Mighell AJ, Smith NR, Robinson PA, Markham AF (February
Pseudogene
Species of marsupial
Penny, D. (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
Honey_possum
Group of mammals comprising horses, bats, carnivores, and pangolins, among others
"Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
Pegasoferae
Chimeric cancer-related protein
Chimeric gene Bcr-abl fusion protein Oncovirus Retrovirus Retrotransposon Retroposon Integrase gag-onc+Fusion+Proteins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Gag-onc_fusion_protein
Characteristic of phylogenetic analysis
"Incomplete Lineage Sorting and Hybridization Statistics for Large-Scale Retroposon Insertion Data". PLOS Computational Biology. 12 (3) e1004812. Bibcode:2016PLSCB
Incomplete_lineage_sorting
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lichter P, Poustka A (Feb 1998). "The human rab GDI beta gene with long retroposon-rich introns maps to 10p15 and its pseudogene to 7p11-p13". Mamm Genome
GDI2
Penny, D. (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
List_of_mammals_of_Argentina
Mobile genetic element in the primate genome (including human genome)
9374. PMC 38434. PMID 8790336. Kramerov, D; Vassetzky, N (2005). "Short Retroposons in Eukaryotic Genomes". International Review of Cytology. 247: 165–221
Alu_element
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
XAP-5 and XAP-5-like (X5L) genes: identification of an ancient functional retroposon differentially expressed in testis". Genomics. 61 (2): 125–32. doi:10
FAM50A
Cameroonian biologist
Trypanosoma brucei: cloning of small interfering RNAs provides evidence for retroposon-derived 24-26-nucleotide RNAs". RNA. 7 (11): 1522–1530. ISSN 1355-8382
Appolinaire_Djikeng
Penny, D. (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. Public Library of Science.
List_of_mammals_of_Chile
Penny, D. (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7) e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
List of mammals of South America
List_of_mammals_of_South_America
RNA family
"A distal enhancer and an ultraconserved exon are derived from a novel retroposon". Nature. 441 (7089): 87–90. Bibcode:2006Natur.441...87B. doi:10.1038/nature04696
TUC338
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gamma catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is a transcribed retroposon". Genomics. 49 (2): 290–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5240. PMID 9598317. "Entrez
PRKACG
Type of transposable element
(1989). "Evidence That Chicken CR1 Elements Represent a Novel Family of Retroposons". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 9 (8): 3563–3566. doi:10.1128/mcb.9
Helitron_(biology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gamma catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is a transcribed retroposon". Genomics. 49 (2): 290–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5240. PMID 9598317. Zidovetzki
PRKAG1
German molecular geneticist and evolutionary biologist
areas include: de novo evolution of genes and parts thereof the use of retroposon markers to establish phylogenetic relationships the origin and evolution
Jürgen_Brosius
Protein found in humans
repeats locus within the human complement C2 gene is associated with a retroposon derived from a human endogenous retrovirus". The Journal of Experimental
Complement_component_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
to repress RNA-polymerase-III-driven transcription of the Alu-family retroposons in vitro". European Journal of Biochemistry. 260 (2): 336–46. doi:10
PRDX5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
class III region. Molecular cloning, exon-intron structure, composite retroposon, and breakpoint of gene duplication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry
SKIV2L
Polish-American biologist (1950–2014)
patterns indicate an enzymatic involvement in integration of mammalian retroposons". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (5): 1872–1877
Jerzy_Jurka
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