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Chemical compound
Retinol is a hydrolytic metabolite of retinyl esters belonging to the group of vitamin A1 as an alcohol form. Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are
Retinol
Essential nutrient
encompasses a group of chemically related organic compounds that includes retinol, retinyl esters, and several provitamin (precursor) carotenoids, most notably
Vitamin_A
Red-orange pigment of the terpenoids class
Dietary β-carotene is a provitamin compound, converting in the body to retinol (vitamin A). In foods, it has rich content in carrots, pumpkin, spinach
Β-Carotene
Toxic effects of ingesting too much vitamin A
toxic effects of ingesting too much preformed vitamin A (retinyl esters, retinol, and retinal). Symptoms arise as a result of altered bone metabolism and
Hypervitaminosis_A
Family of proteins that bind retinol
Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions. They are carrier proteins that bind retinol. Assessment of retinol-binding
Retinol-binding_protein
Protein found in humans
Retinol binding protein 4, also known as RBP4, is a transporter protein for retinol (vitamin A alcohol). RBP4 has a molecular weight of approximately
Retinol_binding_protein_4
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LRAT gene. Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is a microsomal enzyme that
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase
Lecithin_retinol_acyltransferase
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) (EC 1.1.1.105) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: all-trans retinol + NAD+ H+ H+
Retinol_dehydrogenase
Vitamin A chemical compound
Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C36H60O2. It is the most abundant form
Retinyl_palmitate
Class of enzymes
11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.315, RDH5 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the
11-cis-retinol_dehydrogenase
Enzyme
\rightleftharpoons } 11-cis-retinol Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, all-trans-retinol, and one product, 11-cis-retinol. These enzymes are alternatively
Retinol_isomerase
Chemical compound
(also called vitamin A acetate or all‑trans‑retinol acetate) is a synthetic, fat‑soluble acetate ester of retinol often used to supply vitamin A in food fortification
Retinyl_acetate
Group of tetraterpenes
interact with their normal biological counterparts, such as retinol binding protein 4 for retinol, retinoid receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic
Retinoid
Chemical compound
evaluated to treat dry macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. It is a retinol binding protein 4 antagonist. "Tinlarebant - Belite Bio". AdisInsight.
Tinlarebant
NADP-retinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.300, all-trans retinal reductase, all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase, NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase
NADP-retinol_dehydrogenase
Metabolite of vitamin A
for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development, male fertility, regulation
Retinoic_acid
Protein family
Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STRA6 gene (short for "Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 6"). STRA6 is a transmembrane
Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6
Receptor_for_retinol_uptake_STRA6
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol dehydrogenase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH12 gene. Retinoids are indispensable light-sensitive elements of vision and
RDH12
Chemical compound
Despite having no structural resemblance to retinol, Bakuchiol was found to have retinol functionality through retinol-like regulation of gene expression. In
Bakuchiol
phosphatidylcholine---retinol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.135) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phosphatidylcholine + retinol---[cellular-retinol-binding-protein]
Phosphatidylcholine—retinol O-acyltransferase
Phosphatidylcholine—retinol_O-acyltransferase
Enzyme
In enzymology, a retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.76) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl-CoA + retinol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
Retinol_O-fatty-acyltransferase
Vitamin A aldehyde, a polyene chromophore
all-trans-retinol + NADP+; all-trans-retinol dehydrogenases; all-trans-retinol + fatty acid → all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O; lecithin retinol acyltransferases
Retinal
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Retinol binding protein 1, cellular, also known as RBP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP1 gene. RBP1 is the carrier protein involved
RBP1
Protein-coding gene in humans
the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol during phototransduction. 11-cis-retinol is then used in visual pigment regeneration in photoreceptor
RPE65
Physiological process
all-trans-retinol + NADP+; all-trans-retinol dehydrogenases; all-trans-retinol + fatty acid → all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O; lecithin retinol acyltransferases
Visual_cycle
Class of enzymes
all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase (EC 1.3.99.23) is an enzyme, encoded by the RETSAT gene, that catalyzes the chemical reaction retinol + reduced acceptor
All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
All-trans-retinol_13,14-reductase
Organic compound
Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
Diterpene
Species of flowering plant
(Table 2). Some carotenes are precursors of vitamin A (retinol), their retinol equivalents RE or retinol activity equivalents per g dry weight are 1.33 for
Urtica_dioica
Class of aromatic organic chemicals found in plants
Terpineols are monoterpenoids. Humulones are classified as sesquiterpenoids. Retinol is a diterpenoid. Hinokitiol is a monoterpenoid, a tropolone derivative
Terpenoid
Disease resulting from low vitamin A concentrations in the body
deficiency localized to the human eye. Retinol requires retinol dehydrogenase to be converted to retinaldehyde; retinol dehydrogenase is the same enzyme as
Vitamin_A_deficiency
Class of chemical compounds; yellow, orange or red plant pigments
γ-carotene) have vitamin A activity (meaning that they can be converted to retinol). In the eye, lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, and zeaxanthin are present as macular
Carotenoid
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol dehydrogenase 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH10 gene on chromosome 8. RDH10 is a membrane-bound NAD+-dependent retinol dehydrogenase
RDH10
Substances animals can metabolize into vitamins
activity of retinol (vitamin A); the body uses an enzyme to convert β-carotene to retinol. In other contexts, both β-carotene and retinol are simply considered
Provitamin
Chemicals regulated in the United States
When in daily dosages in excess of 10,000 IU, or 3,000 retinol equivalents. (NOTE: Retinol/retinyl esters arerequired and essential for maintenance
California Proposition 65 list of chemicals
California_Proposition_65_list_of_chemicals
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol dehydrogenase 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH11 gene. RHD11, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily
RDH11
Natural emission of light by biological structures
350–600 450–800 Keratin 365–460 410–600 Retinols Retinol 250–380 414–550 Retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol 260–400 250–575 Unbound RBP 250–575
Autofluorescence
Serum protein related to amyloid diseases
hormone thyroxine (T4) and retinol to the liver. This is how transthyretin gained its name: transports thyroxine and retinol. The liver secretes TTR into
Transthyretin
Chemical compound
oxidative instability of Vitamin A, it may be employed as a substitute for retinol and retinaldehyde in consumer skincare regimens for anti-aging, skin rejuvenation
Oleyl_adapalenate
Skin discoloration caused by carotenoids
certain disease states, the metabolism and conversion of carotenoids to retinol is slowed, which can lead to decreased clearance and increased plasma levels
Carotenosis
Protein-coding gene in humans
11-cis retinol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH5 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135437 – Ensembl, May 2017
RDH5
Chemical compound
compound is an ester formed from retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and acetic acid, making it more stable than pure retinol. The compound is used for treatment
Zuretinol_acetate
Pharmacological measurement unit for the amount of a biologically active substance
opposed to an assay) suffices to obtain the IU: 1 IU Vitamin A = 0.3 μg retinol (~0.1 nmol) = 0.6 μg beta-carotene 1 IU Vitamin D = 0.025 μg D2/D3 ≈ 0
International_unit
Class of compounds
convert a trace of β-carotene to retinol, although the amount is totally insufficient for meeting their daily retinol needs. Carotenes are polyunsaturated
Carotene
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol dehydrogenase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RDH8 gene. All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH8) is a visual cycle enzyme that reduces
RDH8
Class of oily organic compounds found in plants
Diterpenes also form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Sesterterpenes, terpenes having 25 carbons and five
Terpene
American dermatologist and YouTuber (born 1970)
the line include an acne cleanser and lotion, clarifying treatment with retinol, and daily moisturizer. Before this, Lee also sold comedo extractors and
Sandra_Lee_(dermatologist)
Terpene hydrocarbon
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Limonene
retinoids are derivatives of retinol (vitamin A) carrying a biotin group for use in the isolation and purification of Retinol Binding Proteins involved in
Biotinylated_retinoids
Biological signaling using lipid molecules
exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties. Retinaldehyde is a retinol (vitamin A) derivative responsible for vision. It binds rhodopsin, a well-characterized
Lipid_signaling
Chemical compound
longer produce all-trans-retinol and production of A2E is halted. The isomerisation of all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol also plays a key role in the
Emixustat
Medication
factors including retinol, retinyl esters or beta-carotene. The beta-carotene is first cleaved by beta-carotene 15-15'-monooxygenase to retinol which is subsequently
Tretinoin
Condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light
does not get worse. Another cause of night blindness is a deficiency of retinol, or vitamin A1, found in fish oils, liver, and dairy products. The opposite
Nyctalopia
Chemical compound
vitamin A, also known as retinol, by the enzyme beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase; however, the bioconversion of γ-carotene to retinol has not been well-characterized
Γ-Carotene
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol dehydrogenase 16 (all-trans) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RDH16 gene. The gene is also known as RODH-4 and SDR9C8. "Retinol dehydrogenase
RDH16
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Retinol-binding protein 3, interstitial (RBP3), also known as interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded
RBP3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Retinol binding protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cellular retinol-binding
RBP7
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP2 gene. RBP2 is an abundant protein present in the small intestinal
RBP2
Variety of genetically modified rice
beta-carotene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Beta-carotene is assumed to be converted to retinal and subsequently retinol (vitamin A) in the animal gut.
Golden_rice
Class of phospholipids
reaction is that catalyzed by the enzyme LRAT that converts an all-trans retinol to an all-trans-retinyl ester. The latter is a storage form of Vitamin
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine
Medical condition
retinol, vitamin A and vitamin C. Beta-Carotene is required to synthesize vitamin A, and vitamin A is needed to synthesize retinol. A lack of retinol-binding
Porphyria_cutanea_tarda
Class of enzymes
11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 11-cis-retinol + palmitate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically
11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase
11-cis-retinyl-palmitate_hydrolase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products
ADH1A
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
acyl CoA to triacylglycerol. This enzyme can also transfer acyl CoA to retinol. Activity of this protein may be associated with obesity and other metabolic
DGAT1
systematic name being retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism. The general scheme for the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme
Retinal_dehydrogenase
Chemical compound
Ch-55 EC 23 Etretinate Fenretinide Isotretinoin Palovarotene Retinoic acid Retinol (vitamin A) Tamibarotene Tazarotene Tazarotenic acid Trifarotene Antagonists:
Palovarotene
American actress (born 1977)
30, 2023. "Philosophy, Sarah Michelle Gellar come together to demystify retinol use". Drug Store News. October 2, 2024. Retrieved July 21, 2026. Kennedy
Sarah_Michelle_Gellar
Class of plant-derived organic compounds with soap-like properties
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Saponin
Variant of the Korean dish kimchi
1 mg Niacin 1.25 mg Vitamin C 0.00 mg maltose 0.1g Phosphorus 26.75 mg Retinol 0.0 mg Beta-carotene 764.22 mg Sugar 1.1g Saturated fat 0.1g Cholesterol
Pa-kimchi
Labdane-type diterpenoid resin acid found in conifers
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Communic_acid
Chemical compound
Ch-55 EC 23 Etretinate Fenretinide Isotretinoin Palovarotene Retinoic acid Retinol (vitamin A) Tamibarotene Tazarotene Tazarotenic acid Trifarotene Antagonists:
Trifarotene
Group of isomers
plant-eating animals to retinol and retinal. Carotenoids that do not contain the β-ionone moiety cannot be converted to retinol, and thus have no vitamin
Ionone
Third-generation topical retinoid
Ch-55 EC 23 Etretinate Fenretinide Isotretinoin Palovarotene Retinoic acid Retinol (vitamin A) Tamibarotene Tazarotene Tazarotenic acid Trifarotene Antagonists:
Adapalene
British multinational pharmacy store chain
Retrieved 3 September 2022. Thomas, Lesley; Baggott, Nadine. "Is Boots No 7 retinol cream a £34 skincare miracle? Our beauty experts' guide to the products
Boots_(company)
Infusion of barley grains in water
Copper 0.2mg 9% Fluoride 0.7μg Manganese 0.3mg 17% Selenium 9.5μg 14% Retinol 0μg Lycopene 0μg Thiamine 0.1mg 4% Riboflavin 0mg 2% Niacin 1.2mg 6% Folate
Barley_water
Biological process
carried across (e.g. glucose or amino acids). Non-polar molecules, such as retinol or lipids, are poorly soluble in water. They are transported through aqueous
Facilitated_diffusion
Dietary supplement derived from liver of cod fish
Retinol (Vitamin A)
Cod_liver_oil
Order of bacteria
electron pair. Rather, a mechanism involving proteorhodopsin (including retinol biosynthesis) is used for ATP production from light. SAR11 bacteria are
Pelagibacterales
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Monoterpene
Range of practices that support skin integrity, health, and appearance
microdermabrasion, collagen induction therapy, injectable fillers, botox injection, retinol therapy, ultrasonic skin treatment, and hair removal. Skin care interventions
Skin_care
Process by which light activates retinal cells
reduced to all-trans-retinol, which travels to the retinal pigment epithelium to be "recharged". It is first esterified by lecithin retinol acyltransferase
Visual_phototransduction
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and proliferation processes. It is structurally similar to the cellular retinol-binding proteins, but binds only retinoic acid. CRABP1 is constitutively
CRABP1
(biotin) Vitamin B9 (folate) Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) Choline Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Vitamin
List_of_micronutrients
Nutrients required by organisms in small amounts
Major health organizations list thirteen vitamins: Vitamin A (all-trans-retinols, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-β-carotene and other provitamin
Vitamin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol (beverage alcohol), retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products
ADH1B
Chemical compound
(1985). "Biosynthesis of 3-dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) from all-trans-retinol (vitamin A1) in human epidermis". J Invest Dermatol. 85 (6): 498–500. doi:10
Vitamin_A2
Chemical compound
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Neoabietic_acid
Protein family
enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids to produce, for example, retinol, commonly known as vitamin A. This family includes an enzyme known as RPE65
Carotenoid_oxygenase
Protein-coding gene in humans
Retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans/9-cis) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RDH13 gene. This gene encodes a mitochondrial short-chain
RDH13
novo synthesis of RA involves retinol, the precursor to RA, being transported to the membrane receptor STRA6 by the retinol-binding protein released by
Gonocyte
Type of cytokines secreted by adipose tissue
chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) tumor necrosis factor visfatin omentin vaspin
Adipokine
Polymer harvested from certain trees
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Natural_rubber
Carotenoid pigment
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Lycopene
Species of edible kelp
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Arame
hydrolase) catalyzes the reaction an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically
All-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase
All-trans-retinyl-palmitate_hydrolase
Class of chemical compounds
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Iridoid
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
antioxidants may have harmful long-term effects. The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) study of lung cancer patients found that smokers
Antioxidant
Formulary by the World Health Organization
Ergocalciferol Iodine Multiple micronutrient powder Nicotinamide Pyridoxine Retinol Riboflavin Thiamine Complementary: Calcium gluconateα Acetic acid Budesonide
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
Class of terpenes
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Sesquiterpene
Class of chemical compounds
Acyclic Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool Monocyclic Retinol Retinal Bicyclic cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A Tricyclic Cembrene
Triterpene
reactions use NAD+ as the preferred cofactor. This gene is a member of the retinol dehydrogenase family. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation
HSD17B6
RETINOL
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RETINOL